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Simplified estimation of membrane potentials induced by high-frequency electric signals


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Fig.1

Models for field distribution with and without membranes: (a) The case where the electric field is perpendicular to the membrane; (b) The case where the electric field is parallel to the membrane.
Models for field distribution with and without membranes: (a) The case where the electric field is perpendicular to the membrane; (b) The case where the electric field is parallel to the membrane.

Fig.2

The electrical properties of the aqueous phase: solid line: real permittivity, dash-dotted line: effective conductivity.
The electrical properties of the aqueous phase: solid line: real permittivity, dash-dotted line: effective conductivity.

Fig.3

Log plot for the difference of the admittance ratio M from unity, which shows that approximately from f=100 MHz onwards, the presence of membrane becomes insignificant in the overall admittance.
Log plot for the difference of the admittance ratio M from unity, which shows that approximately from f=100 MHz onwards, the presence of membrane becomes insignificant in the overall admittance.

Fig.4

Membrane amplification factor G. The first drop occurs when displacement currents become dominant. The second drop occurs due to water relaxation around 20 GHz.
Membrane amplification factor G. The first drop occurs when displacement currents become dominant. The second drop occurs due to water relaxation around 20 GHz.

Fig.5

Potential distribution with the presence of membranes, and normal electric field in the membrane (along the dashed curve in the cell membrane); solid line: results of removing membranes in the numerical model and retrieval of membrane fields using (Eq.6), Markers: exact numerical computation of membrane fields, for (a) 1MHz, (b) 1GHz, (c) 500 GHz.
Potential distribution with the presence of membranes, and normal electric field in the membrane (along the dashed curve in the cell membrane); solid line: results of removing membranes in the numerical model and retrieval of membrane fields using (Eq.6), Markers: exact numerical computation of membrane fields, for (a) 1MHz, (b) 1GHz, (c) 500 GHz.