<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort expressed by the students of the University of Žilina in anonymous questionnaires. The volunteers rated their thermal sensations, preferences as well as lighting conditions in the autumn season. The students were in favour of the prevailing thermal conditions – almost 88% of the volunteers expressed positive opinions about their environment. The comparison of the test results for a computer laboratory with the Fanger model calculation results was also made and indicated differences between the experimental data and values determined with the model.
</abstract>

Experimental Study on Thermal Comfort at University Buildings in Slovakia

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This article discusses the aspects of designing the pavements of pedestrian zones, shared spaces, city squares and other public spaces in terms of the selection of their parameters, colour and texture, which can significantly improve their comfort of use and, in a wider context, improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings. When we think about a friendly city, we aim to create urban spaces free from any barriers that could exclude some people from the social life. Urban space can be defined as friendly from the perspective of an end user who moves around on foot, or uses crutches or a wheelchair, but also in the context of fully fit people, who are nevertheless limited in their movement because they are pushing a pram, carrying a baby or heavy luggage, etc. It has been proven that a well-designed pavement can significantly improve access to an area, reducing therefore the stigmatisation of elderly, disabled, blind, visually impaired people, etc. Solutions described in this article go well beyond the applicable legal acts in the context of the building law and therefore significantly improve the accessibility of public spaces and buildings and help to create spaces that are friendly to all users – i.e. spaces that are safe and free of any risks connected with disorientation, psychological security or the possibility of collision due to the existing barriers.
</abstract>

Traffic Zones Accessible for all Users. Design Solutions and Material Recommendations for Outdoor Traffic Zone Pavements

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The article deals with scientific and practical issues of solving the problem of lost cultural monuments in Ukraine. It highlights the loss of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites as a result of war crimes of the Russian Federation and considers possible ways of recreating them, taking into account existing practice, which will serve as a useful example for the subsequent incarnations of the lost architectural monuments. The questions of the legitimacy of the reconstruction of various objects of cultural heritage in accordance with domestic and international standards are discussed. Some financial and economic aspects of restoring the cultural heritage of Ukraine are considered.
The purpose of this study is to highlight the problems of destruction and damage of Ukrainian cultural heritage sites’ after full-scale Russian aggression and directions of their recreation considering domestic and foreign experience.
</abstract>

Al Heritage of Ukraine and Ways of their Recreation Lost Monuments of the Cultur

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This paper presents the results of workshop experiments aimed at realising the concept of the accessible city and identifies key considerations for enabling seniors to function better in the city’s public space, based on the real needs of an ageing population. The study used field research (in situ), functional-spatial analysis (case studies) and data synthesis. The latest available data from the Statistics Poland on the demographic situation of senior citizens, government programmes and current legislation – depicting the current and projected situation in Poland were analysed. Faced with alarming data indicating that Poland’s population will continue to grow older until 2050, with the number of people aged 60+ reaching 40.4% of our country’s total population, field research was carried out into the accessibility of selected urban spaces and a set of architectural and urban planning recommendations were presented to address the most important needs and better functioning of the 60+ generation. As the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is currently home to the largest total population of senior citizens, the region's capital, Kielce, was chosen as the location for the analysis.
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“An Accessible City” – A Look from the Perspective of the ‘60+’ Generation

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This study was designed to examine the feasibility of recycling cassava effluent, sawdust, and unused paper products to enhance their utilization for beneficial purpose. Waste newspaper paste (WNP), Waste writing – paper paste (WWP), and Waste carton paper paste (WCP) were prepared and then used separately to similarly fabricate composite panels with Sawdust particle (SDP) proportioned at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight. The binder used was cassava starch slurry prepared from the effluent. Bulk density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, nailability, and flexural strength were determined for the developed samples. From the results obtained, the samples were found to be light-weight and their thermal insulation performance improved with increasing proportions of the SDP. Though samples containing the WCP exhibited the best satisfactory performance, it was found that all the studied samples could perform more effectively and efficiently as ceilings compared to some of those reported in the literature. From scientific-economic viewpoint, valorizing the above-mentioned wastes as described in this paper could help to protect the environment and also yield value-added insulation ceilings for enhancement of sustainable building construction especially in tropical areas.
</abstract>

Paper – Sawdust Composites: Fabrication and Comparison in Terms of Heat Transfer and Strength Properties

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 16 (2024): Issue 1 (March 2024)

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 2 (June 2023)

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 2 (June 2022)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)

Volume 13 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Volume 13 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)

Volume 13 (2021): Issue 2 (June 2021)

Volume 13 (2021): Issue 1 (March 2021)

Volume 12 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)

Volume 12 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Volume 12 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

Volume 12 (2020): Issue 1 (March 2020)

Structure and Environment

ABOUT THE JOURNAL   Structure and Environment, a quarterly journal, has been published by the Kielce University of Technology since 2009.  It uses Editorial Manager for online submission and manuscript tracking https://www.editorialmanager.com/sae/default1.aspx. It is recommended to provide ORCID codes for each co-author. Papers are published in English and are assigned digital object identifier DOI:10.30540/sae.  Structure and Environment is an Open Access journal that allows unrestricted and free-of-charge access to its content at www.sae.tu.kielce.pl and www.sciendo.com./journal/SAE.  Peer-review process:   The editor appoints two reviewers whose names are hidden from the authors.  Manuscript evaluations are assigned one of four outcomes:　Accept, Minor Revisions, Major Revisions, and Reject. Manuscripts with Minor Revision" do not require a second review. Manuscripts receiving a Major Revision evaluation must be subjected to a second review. If the author(s) failed to make satisfactory changes, the manuscript is rejected Rejected manuscripts are given no further consideration.  The editor decides whether the paper fulfill all requirements i.e. formal and scientific.  As soon as the publication appears in electronic forms on the Internet there is no possibility to change the content of the article.   The authors do not bear any publication costs.　   In 2023, Structure and Environment was entered into the Polish Ministry of Education and Science Journals list with a score of 70 points. Committed to ensuring the high quality of our publications.  The content of the quarterly is indexed by more 10 ten bibliographic databases and made available in the collection of peer-reviewed interdisciplinary scientific articles, e-Publikacje Nauki Polskiej.　  Format of the journal – electronic forme- ISSN: 2657 – 6902  ISSN: 2081 - 1500DOI: 10.30540/sae/  Journal Metrics:  Index Copernicus Value (IVC) 2022 = 100  The Polish Ministry of Education and Science 2021 = 70 pts   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 