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Investigation of the Therapeutic Effects of Chloroquine in Adriamycin-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Ali Tuğrul Akin
Ali Tuğrul Akin
, 
Emin Kaymak
Emin Kaymak
, 
Emel Öztürk
Emel Öztürk
, 
Derya Karabulut
Derya Karabulut
, 
Nurhan Kuloğlu
Nurhan Kuloğlu
, 
Tayfun Ceylan
Tayfun Ceylan
 y 
Ayşe Toluk
Ayşe Toluk
   | 22 ene 2021
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 22 ene 2021
Páginas: 8 - 14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0003
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© 2021 Ali Tuğrul Akin, Emin Kaymak, Emel Öztürk, Derya Karabulut, Nurhan Kuloğlu, Tayfun Ceylan, Ayşe Toluk, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1. A, B

(A) Changes in the body weights of the experimental animals before and after the application of the experimental procedure. (B) Final body weights in the ADR group decreased significantly compared to the Control group, CLQ group and initial body weights of ADR group (p<0.05). Furthermore, body weight in the ADR+CLQ group were significantly higher compared to those of the ADR group (p<0.05). Histopathological scores showed a significant increase in the histopathological score in the ADR group when compared to the Control and CLQ group. However, it is also seen a significant decrease in the histopathological score in the ADR+CLQ group when compared to the ADR group. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.
(A) Changes in the body weights of the experimental animals before and after the application of the experimental procedure. (B) Final body weights in the ADR group decreased significantly compared to the Control group, CLQ group and initial body weights of ADR group (p<0.05). Furthermore, body weight in the ADR+CLQ group were significantly higher compared to those of the ADR group (p<0.05). Histopathological scores showed a significant increase in the histopathological score in the ADR group when compared to the Control and CLQ group. However, it is also seen a significant decrease in the histopathological score in the ADR+CLQ group when compared to the ADR group. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.

Figure 2 A-D

Light microscopy of liver tissue stained with H&E in experimental groups. (A) Control group (n=8) and (B) CLQ group (n=8), normal liver were observed; (C) ADR group (n=8), hemorrhage (yellow arrow), necrotic hepatocytes (red arrow), vacuolized hepatocytes (blue arrow), and irregular hepatocytes cords were observed; and (D) ADR+CLQ group, near to normal liver tissue were observed except for small hemorrhagic regions (yellow arrow); Scala bar: 50 μ. Magnification x200. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.
Light microscopy of liver tissue stained with H&E in experimental groups. (A) Control group (n=8) and (B) CLQ group (n=8), normal liver were observed; (C) ADR group (n=8), hemorrhage (yellow arrow), necrotic hepatocytes (red arrow), vacuolized hepatocytes (blue arrow), and irregular hepatocytes cords were observed; and (D) ADR+CLQ group, near to normal liver tissue were observed except for small hemorrhagic regions (yellow arrow); Scala bar: 50 μ. Magnification x200. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.

Figure 3 A-D

Immunohistochemical staining of IL-17 in the liver tissues and statistical analysis of the score of immunohistochemical staining in the experimental groups. (A) Control (n=8) and (B) CLQ (n=8) showed weak IL-17 immunostaining in the liver tissue sections; (C) ADR (n=8) group, IL-17 expression increased in the liver tissue. (D) ADR+CLQ (n=8) IL-17 expression was significantly decreased when compared to the ADR group. Arrows show the IL-17 immunopositive cells. Graph shows the statistical analysis of the score of immunohistochemical staining according to the following criteria: 0, no staining; 1, weak immunoreactivity; 2, moderate immunoreactivity; 3, strong immunoreactivity. Scala bar: 50 μ. Magnification x200. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.
Immunohistochemical staining of IL-17 in the liver tissues and statistical analysis of the score of immunohistochemical staining in the experimental groups. (A) Control (n=8) and (B) CLQ (n=8) showed weak IL-17 immunostaining in the liver tissue sections; (C) ADR (n=8) group, IL-17 expression increased in the liver tissue. (D) ADR+CLQ (n=8) IL-17 expression was significantly decreased when compared to the ADR group. Arrows show the IL-17 immunopositive cells. Graph shows the statistical analysis of the score of immunohistochemical staining according to the following criteria: 0, no staining; 1, weak immunoreactivity; 2, moderate immunoreactivity; 3, strong immunoreactivity. Scala bar: 50 μ. Magnification x200. Abbreviations: ADR, Adriamycin; CLQ, Chloroquine.

Initial and final body weights, histopathological, and IL-17 immunostaining score among experimental groups.

GroupsControlCLQADRADR+CLQp
Body weight (gr)Initial weight133±10.2128.3±15.6211.1±9.4166.5±14.50.001
Final weight270.3±19.8*223.7±45.8*137.7±13.7*176.6±20.40.001
Histopathological score (0 to 3)0.32±0.47a0.40±0.49a2.02±0.71b0.60±0.57a0.001
Score of IL-17 staining (0 to 3)0.55±0.51a0.45±0.51a1.90±0.64b0.70±0.65a0.001
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