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Multidrug resistance by biofilm-forming clinical strains of Proteus mirabilis

Gulcan Sahal
Gulcan Sahal
 and 
Isil Seyis Bilkay
Isil Seyis Bilkay
   | Jan 31, 2017
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Article Category: Brief communication (Original)
Published Online: Jan 31, 2017
Page range: 535 - 541
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0904.424
Keywords
© 2015 Gulcan Sahal, Isil Seyis Bilkay
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF, 2 total), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF, 11 total), strong biofilm forming (SBF, 2 total) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) in various clinical materials.
Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF, 2 total), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF, 11 total), strong biofilm forming (SBF, 2 total) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) in various clinical materials.

Figure 2

Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF), and all P. mirabilis strains in different service units.(PE = pediatric emergency (5 total), EMD = endocrine and metabolic diseases (1 total), URO = urology (2 total), EM = emergency medicine (2 total), O = otorhinolaryngology (1 total), GS = general surgery (1 total), PED = pediatrics (3 total)
Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF), and all P. mirabilis strains in different service units.(PE = pediatric emergency (5 total), EMD = endocrine and metabolic diseases (1 total), URO = urology (2 total), EM = emergency medicine (2 total), O = otorhinolaryngology (1 total), GS = general surgery (1 total), PED = pediatrics (3 total)

Figure 3

Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) in individuals of various ages. (16-30 y, 4 strains total; 46-60 y and 61-75 y 1 strain each)
Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) in individuals of various ages. (16-30 y, 4 strains total; 46-60 y and 61-75 y 1 strain each)

Figure 4

Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) displaying resistance to 15 different antibiotics in various classes of antibiotics (SXT = trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, AMC = amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, CFM = cefixime, CIP = ciprofloxacin, CC = clindamycin, AK = amikacin, CN = gentamicin, CAZ = cefazolin, NN = tobramycin, AM = ampicillin, CRO = ceftriaxone, CZ = ceftazidime, TZP = piperacillin/tazobactam, IPM = imipenem, F = nitrofurantoin)
Percentage of weak biofilm forming (WBF), intermediate biofilm forming (IBF), strong biofilm forming (SBF) and all P. mirabilis strains (ALL) displaying resistance to 15 different antibiotics in various classes of antibiotics (SXT = trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, AMC = amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, CFM = cefixime, CIP = ciprofloxacin, CC = clindamycin, AK = amikacin, CN = gentamicin, CAZ = cefazolin, NN = tobramycin, AM = ampicillin, CRO = ceftriaxone, CZ = ceftazidime, TZP = piperacillin/tazobactam, IPM = imipenem, F = nitrofurantoin)

0.1 ≤ OD < 0.4Weak Biofilm Former (WBF)
0.4 ≤ OD < 0.8Intermediate Biofilm Former (IBF)
OD ≥ 0.8Strong Biofilm Former (SBF)

Percentage of P. mirabilis strains displaying resistance to 5 different classes of antibiotics and percentage of multidrug resistant P. mirabilis strains in each biofilm group.

WBF P. mirabilis strains (%)IBF P. mirabilis strains (%)SBF P. mirabilis strains (%)
Multidrug resistance1/2 (50)7/11 (63)2/2 (100)
Resistance to 5 different classes of antibiotics02/11 (18)2/2 (100)
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Language:
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Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing, Basic Medical Science, other, Clinical Medicine
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