Body weight, BMI, and stature have a protective effect on bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal vertebral osteoporosis, whereas greater age at menarche and years after menopause have a negative effect
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
World Health Organization. Technical Report Series 843. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis, Geneva: WHO; 1994.World Health OrganizationTechnical Report Series 843. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosisGenevaWHO1994Search in Google Scholar
Reginster JY, Burlet N. Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalence. Bone. 2006; 38:S4-9.10.1016/j.bone.2005.11.02416455317ReginsterJYBurletN.Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalenceBone.200638S4916455317Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Loh K Y, Shong H K. Osteoporosis: Primary prevention in the community. Med J Malaysia. 2007; 62:355-7.18551949LohK YShongH K.Osteoporosis: Primary prevention in the communityMed J Malaysia.2007623557Search in Google Scholar
Yang TS, Chen YR, Chen YJ, Chang CY, Ng HT. Osteoporosis: prevalence in Taiwanese women. Osteoporos Int. 2004; 15:345-7.10.1007/s00198-003-1509-x14872301YangTSChenYRChenYJChangCYNgHT.Osteoporosis: prevalence in Taiwanese womenOsteoporos Int.200415345714872301Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Limpaphayom KK, Taechakraichana N, Jaisamrarn U, Bunyavejchevin S, Chaikittisilpa S, Poshyachinda M, et al. Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Thai women. Menopause. 2001; 1:65-9.LimpaphayomKKTaechakraichanaNJaisamrarnUBunyavejchevinSChaikittisilpaSPoshyachindaMPrevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Thai womenMenopause.2001165910.1097/00042192-200101000-0001111201518Search in Google Scholar
Lim PS, Ong FB, Adeeb N, Seri SS, Noor-Aini MY, Shamsuddin K, et al. Bone health in urban midlife Malaysian women: risk factors and prevention. Osteoporos Int. 2005; 16:2069-79.10.1007/s00198-005-2003-416234999LimPSOngFBAdeebNSeriSSNoor-AiniMYShamsuddinKBone health in urban midlife Malaysian women: risk factors and preventionOsteoporos Int.20051620697916234999Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Faienza MF, Ventura A, Marzano F, Cavallo L. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of immune system cells. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013; 2013:575936.23762093FaienzaMFVenturaAMarzanoFCavalloL.Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of immune system cellsClin Dev Immunol.2013201357593610.1155/2013/575936367700823762093Search in Google Scholar
Parker SE, Troisi R, Wise LA, Palmer JR, Titus-Ernstoff L, Strohsnitter, WC et al. Menarche, menopause, years of menstruation, and the incidence of osteoporosis: the influence of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99:594-601.2424818310.1210/jc.2013-2954ParkerSETroisiRWiseLAPalmerJRTitus-ErnstoffLStrohsnitterWCMenarche, menopause, years of menstruation, and the incidence of osteoporosis: the influence of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrolJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.201499594601391380624248183Search in Google Scholar
El-Heis MA, Al-Kamil EA, Kheirallah KA, Al-Shatnawi TN, Gharaibia M, Al-Mnayyis A. Factors associated with osteoporosis among a sample of Jordanian women referred for investigation for osteoporosis. EMHJ. 2013; 19:459-64.El-HeisMAAl-KamilEAKheirallahKAAl-ShatnawiTNGharaibiaMAl-MnayyisA.Factors associated with osteoporosis among a sample of Jordanian women referred for investigation for osteoporosisEMHJ.2013194596410.26719/2013.19.5.459Search in Google Scholar
Sapre S, Thakur R. Lifestyle and dietary factors determine age at natural menopause. J Midlife Health. 2014; 5:3-5.24672198SapreSThakurR.Lifestyle and dietary factors determine age at natural menopauseJ Midlife Health.201453510.4103/0976-7800.127779395504324672198Search in Google Scholar
Qiu C, Chen H, Wen J, Zhu P, Lin F, Huang B, et al. Associations between age at menarche and menopause with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 98:1612-21.2347197910.1210/jc.2012-2919QiuCChenHWenJZhuPLinFHuangBAssociations between age at menarche and menopause with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.20139816122123471979Search in Google Scholar
Shukla J, Sarkar PD, Bafna A, Shukla N. A retrospective study to investigate association among age BMI and BMD in the postmenopausal women. IOSR-JPBS. 2013; 6:93-6.10.9790/3008-629396ShuklaJSarkarPDBafnaAShuklaN.A retrospective study to investigate association among age BMI and BMD in the postmenopausal womenIOSR-JPBS.20136936Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cecile A, Janssens JW, Khoury MJ. Predictive value of testing for multiple genetic variants in multifactorial diseases: implications for the discourse on ethical, legal and social issues. IJPH. 2006; 3:35-41.CecileAJanssensJWKhouryMJ.Predictive value of testing for multiple genetic variants in multifactorial diseases: implications for the discourse on ethical, legal and social issuesIJPH.200633541Search in Google Scholar
Faisal-Cury A, Zacchello KP. Osteoporosis: prevalence and risk factors among > 49 year-old women in private practice environment. Acta Ortop Bras. 2007; 15: 146-50.Faisal-CuryAZacchelloKP.Osteoporosis: prevalence and risk factors among > 49 year-old women in private practice environmentActa Ortop Bras.2007151465010.1590/S1413-78522007000300005Search in Google Scholar
Aghaei M, Afshan HR, Qorbani M, Dashti HS, Safari R. Bone mineral density in Iranian patients: effects of age, sex, and body mass index. J Prev Med. 2013; 3: 128-31.AghaeiMAfshanHRQorbaniMDashtiHSSafariR.Bone mineral density in Iranian patients: effects of age, sex, and body mass indexJ Prev Med.201331283110.4236/ojpm.2013.31016Search in Google Scholar
Salamat MR, Salamat AH, I Abedi I, Janghorbani M. Relationship between weight, body mass index, and bone mineral density in men referred for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan in Isfahan, Iran. J Osteoporosis. 2013; 2013:205963.SalamatMRSalamatAHI AbediIJanghorbaniM.Relationship between weight, body mass index, and bone mineral density in men referred for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan in Isfahan, IranJ Osteoporosis.2013201320596310.1155/2013/205963381410224222888Search in Google Scholar
Nelson DA, Kleerekoper M, Peterson E, Parfitt AM. Skin color and body size as risk factors for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. 1993; 3:18-23.10.1007/BF01623172NelsonDAKleerekoperMPetersonEParfittAM.Skin color and body size as risk factors for osteoporosisOsteoporosis Int.1993318238422511Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Holmes L Jr, Opara F. Concise Biostatistical Principles and Concepts. Guidelines for clinical and biomedical researchers. Bloomington: Author House; 2014.HolmesLJrOparaF.Concise Biostatistical Principles and ConceptsGuidelines for clinical and biomedical researchersBloomingtonAuthor House2014Search in Google Scholar
Melton LJ 3rd, Bryant SC, Wahner HW, O’Fallon WM, Malkasian GD, Judd HL, et al. Influence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life. Osteoporos Int. 1993; 3:76-83.10.1007/BF01623377MeltonLJ3rdBryantSCWahnerHWO’FallonWMMalkasianGDJuddHLInfluence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in lifeOsteoporos Int.1993376838453194Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lee JS, Kawakubo K, Sato H, Kobayashi Y, Haruna Y. Relationship between total and regional bone mineral density and menopausal state, body composition and life style factors in overweight Japanese women. Int J Obesity. 2001; 25:880-6.10.1038/sj.ijo.0801620LeeJSKawakuboKSatoHKobayashiYHarunaY.Relationship between total and regional bone mineral density and menopausal state, body composition and life style factors in overweight Japanese womenInt J Obesity.200125880611439303Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Agrawal MT, Verma AK. Cross sectional study of osteoporosis among women. MJAFI. 2013; 69:168-171.AgrawalMTVermaAK.Cross sectional study of osteoporosis among womenMJAFI.20136916817110.1016/j.mjafi.2012.07.024386278524600092Search in Google Scholar
Harris S, Dawson-Hughes B. Weight, body composition and bone density in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996; 59:428-32.10.1007/BF003692058939766HarrisSDawson-HughesB.Weight, body composition and bone density in postmenopausal womenCalcif Tissue Int.199659428328939766Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lloyd JT, Alley DE, Hawkes WG, Hochberg MC, Waldstein SR, Orwig DL. Body mass index is positively associated with bone mineral density in US older adults. Arch Osteoporos. 2014, 9:175.10.1007/s11657-014-0175-224664472LloydJTAlleyDEHawkesWGHochbergMCWaldsteinSROrwigDL.Body mass index is positively associated with bone mineral density in US older adultsArch Osteoporos2014917524664472Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kim SJ, Yang WG, Cho E, Park EC. Relationship between weight, body mass index and bone mineral density of lumbar spine in women. J Bone Metab. 2012; 19:95-102.10.11005/jbm.2012.19.2.9524524039KimSJYangWGChoEParkEC.Relationship between weight, body mass index and bone mineral density of lumbar spine in womenJ Bone Metab.20121995102378091824524039Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Soltani A, Larijani B, Khashayar P, Rezaei Hemami M, Fakhari S. The relationship between anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density in an Iranian referral population. Acta Medica Iranica. 2014; 52: 505-10.SoltaniALarijaniBKhashayarPRezaei HemamiMFakhariS.The relationship between anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density in an Iranian referral populationActa Medica Iranica.20145250510Search in Google Scholar
Wong P, Christie J, Wark J. The effects of smoking on bone health. Clin Sci. 2007; 113:233-41.10.1042/CS20060173WongPChristieJWarkJ.The effects of smoking on bone healthClin Sci.20071132334117663660Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tremollieres FA, Pouilles J-M, Ribot C. Vertebral postmenopausal bone loss is reduced in overweight women: a longitudinal study in 155 early postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993; 77:683-6.8370689TremollieresFAPouillesJ-MRibotC.Vertebral postmenopausal bone loss is reduced in overweight women: a longitudinal study in 155 early postmenopausal womenJ Clin Endocrinol Metab.199377683610.1210/jcem.77.3.83706898370689Search in Google Scholar
