The role of a positive spirit in the attractiveness, sociability and success of a public place
and | Dec 26, 2019
About this article
Published Online: Dec 26, 2019
Page range: 49 - 62
Received: Apr 19, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2019-0040
© 2019 Lyes Rahmani, Maha Messaoudene, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
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The valence scores for the three spirits.
| Cognitive spirit (4 items) | Valence of the spirit |
|---|---|
| 4 ≤ mean < 8 | very negative |
| 8 ≤ mean < 12 | negative |
| 12 ≤ mean < 16 | positive |
| 16 ≤ mean < 20 | very positive |
| Emotional spirit (8 items) | Valence of the spirit |
| 8 ≤ mean < 16 | very negative |
| 16 ≤ mean < 24 | negative |
| 24 ≤ mean < 32 | positive |
| 32 ≤ mean < 40 | very positive |
| Spirit of the place (12 items) | Valence of the spirit |
| 12 ≤ mean < 24 | very negative |
| 24 ≤ mean < 36 | negative |
| 36 ≤ mean < 48 | positive |
| 48 ≤ mean < 60 | very positive |
Comparison between the means of cognitive spirits of the two public spaces.
| N | Means | Standard deviations | ddl | t | Significance (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive spirit of the place of the market of Ghardaia | 24 | 16.67 | 2.353 | 47 | 4.025 | 0.01 |
| Cognitive spirit of the place of August 20 of Metlili | 25 | 12.60 | 4.444 |
Sociodemographic structure of the sample.
| Variables by social class | Number (frequency) | Percentage (%) | Number (frequency) | Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metlili | Ghardaïa | ||||
| 1. Gender | male | 25 | 100 | 19 | 79.17 |
| female Women rarely use the public space of Metlili city. | 0 | 0 | 5 | 20.83 | |
| 2. Age group | teenager | 6 | 24 | 2 | 83.33 |
| adult | 19 | 76 | 22 | 91.17 | |
| 3. Employment status | jobless/retired | 4 | 16 | 5 | 20.83 |
| student | 9 | 36 | 4 | 16.67 | |
| employee/employer | 12 | 48 | 15 | 62.50 | |
| 4. Education level | primary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| middle | 3 | 12 | 6 | 25 | |
| secondary | 10 | 40 | 5 | 20.83 | |
| higher | 12 | 48 | 13 | 54.17 | |
| 5. Marital status | married | 7 | 28 | 19 | 79.17 |
| single | 18 | 72 | 5 | 20.83 | |
| 6. Users or non.users | non-user | 6 | 24 | 12 | 50 |
| user | 19 | 76 | 12 | 50 | |
| 7. Accompanied or unaccompanied | accompanied | 18 | 72 | 17 | 71 |
| unaccompanied | 7 | 28 | 7 | 29 | |
Items of the different dimensions of the experiential tool of public places.
| Behavioural dimension |
|---|
| – I find that this place is good to sit and have coffee. |
| – I feel attracted to this place. |
| – The place offers buying and selling opportunities. |
| – I sometimes throw trash on the ground in this place. |
| – I spend a lot of time in this place. |
| Relational dimension |
| – I can easily find a place to sit here. |
| – I like being in this place with loved ones. |
| – I find the interaction between the users of this place |
| wonderful. |
| – I seldom interact with strangers in this place. |
| – I sometimes arrange to meet friends and colleagues |
| in this place. |
| Sensorial dimension |
| – I find this place unbearably loud. |
| – I love the movement in this place. |
| – I find that the shape of this place corresponds to it. |
| I find that the place has the right shape. |
| – I smell trash in this place. |
| – I find the air pure and fresh in this place. |
| – I like the colours of this place. |
| – I think the view is beautiful from here. |
| – I am attracted by the good smells that come out of |
| this place. |
| – I find that the coating of the ground of this place is |
| suitable. |
| Emotional dimension |
| – I feel pleasure when I come to this place. |
| – I feel well relaxed when I am in this place. |
| – I feel safe in this place. |
| – I feel free in this place. |
| – My presence in this place arouses a good feeling in |
| me. |
| – I feel joy when I am in this place. |
| – I feel choked in this place. |
| – I am happy that we have such a place. |
| Cognitive dimension |
| – I intend to come back to this place. |
| – I have good memories in this place. |
| – Many things attract my attention in this place. |
| – This place is a landmark for me. |
| Global satisfaction |
| – I am satisfied with the place. |
Observation grid of attractiveness and social life.
| Criteria for attractiveness, sociability and success of the places | Ghardaïa Marketplace | Place of August 20 in Metlili |
|---|---|---|
| Self-congestion (the crowd attracts the crowd) (1980: 19–23) | 1 | 0 |
| Gender differences | 1 | 0 |
| Sittable space | 1 | 1 |
| The urban stay and the seating (1980: 24–39) | 1 | 0 |
| The role of natural elements (sun, wind, trees, and water) | 1 | 1 |
| (1980: 40–49) | ||
| The food (1980: 50–53) | 1 | 0 |
| The street (1980: 54–59) | 1 | 1 |
| Triangulation (the event atmosphere) (1980: 94–101) | 1 | 0 |
| Score (S) | 8/8 = 1.00 | 3/8 = 0.37 |
The difference between the score means of the spirits of Market place of Ghardaïa and the place of August 20 of Metlili.
| N | Means | Standard deviations | ddl | t | Significance (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spirit of the place of the market of Ghardaia | 24 | 50.92 | 14.942 | 47 | 6.464 | 0.01 |
| Spirit of the place of August 20 of Metlili | 25 | 34.20 | 11.906 |
Comparison between the means of the emotional spirits of the two public spaces.
| N | Scores | Standard deviation | ddl | t | Significance (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional spirit of the place of the market of Ghardaia | 24 | 34.25 | 4.183 | 47 | 6.499 | 0.01 |
| Emotional spirit of the place of August 20 of Metlili | 25 | 21.60 | 8.742 |
Criteria and indicators constituting the experiential dimensions.
| Dimensions | Criteria | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| Behavioural experiential | – behaviour of approach | – attractively, time passed in the place |
| – behaviour of escape | – suppression, avoidance | |
| – positive civic behaviour | – conviviality, good use | |
| – negative civic behaviour | – bad use | |
| – engagement in a stay activity | – different stay activities, opportunity of buy and sell, different postures | |
| Relational experiential | – intimate relationship | – romantic outing or with family members |
| – personal relationship | – appointment with friends or colleagues | |
| – social relationship | – interaction of the users | |
| – public relationship | – communication and discussion between unknown people | |
| – attachment and faithfulness | – attachment and faithfulness to the site | |
| Experiential of sensorial atmosphers | – visual atmosphere | – lights, colours, matter, shapes, movement, crowd |
| – sound atmosphere | – sound, noise | |
| – tactile atmosphere | – humidity, textures, purity of the air, freshness of the air | |
| – olfactory atmosphere | – odours | |
| – gustatory atmosphere | – tasting of sweets, of drinks etc. | |
| Emotional experiential | – the well being | – joy |
| – the escape | – pleasure | |
| – the pleasure | – pleasant sensations | |
| – the nervousness | – relaxation/stress | |
| – the relaxation | – security | |
| – the freedom or the oppression | – feeling of being free or controlled | |
| Cognitive experiential | – expectation | – gap between the expected experience and the lived experience |
| – intention | – willingness to comeback | |
| – evaluation | – satisfaction, judgement of value | |
| – memorisation | – memory and nostalgia | |
| – attention | – landmark |
Rank of spirits dimensions for public spaces.
| Places | Dimensions | No. of items | N | Relative Importance Index | Ranking by dimensions | Significance level of the dimensions | Valence of dimensions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Market Place of Ghardaia | emotional spirit | 8 | 24 | 0.86 | 1 | high (H) | very positive |
| cognitive spirit | 4 | 24 | 0.83 | 3 | high (H) | very positive | |
| spirit of space | 12 | 14 | 0.85 | 2 | high (H) | very positive | |
| Place of August 20 Metlili | emotional spirit | 8 | 25 | 0.54 | 6 | medium (M) | negative |
| cognitive spirit | 4 | 25 | 0.61 | 4 | high-medium (H-M) | positive | |
| spirit of space | 12 | 25 | 0.57 | 5 | medium (M) | negative |