<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0017_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Xylazine, a type of α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters – glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp), in different brain regions and neurons were studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0017_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Wistar rats were administered 50 mg/kg or 70 mg/kg of xylazine by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments were conducted, in which neurons were treated with 15 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 35μg/mL, and 45 μg/mL of xylazine. Test methods were based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0017_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>During anaesthesia, Asp levels in each brain area were significantly lower compared to the control group. Except for the cerebrum, levels of Gly in other brain areas were significantly increased during the anaesthesia period. <italic>In vitro</italic>, xylazine-related neuron secretion of Gly increased significantly compared to the control group at 60 min and 90 min. Moreover, xylazine caused a significant decrease in the levels of Asp secreted by neurons at 20 min, but gradually returned to the level of the control group.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0017_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The data showed that during anaesthesia the overall levels of Asp decreased and overall levels of Gly increased. In addition, the inhibitory effect of xylazine on Asp and the promotion of Gly were dose-dependent. Our data showed that different effects of xylazine on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of xylazine activity in clinical anaesthesia.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Xylazine, a type of α2-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters – glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp), in different brain regions and neurons were studied.


Material and Methods
Wistar rats were administered 50 mg/kg or 70 mg/kg of xylazine by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted, in which neurons were treated with 15 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 35μg/mL, and 45 μg/mL of xylazine. Test methods were based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).


Results
During anaesthesia, Asp levels in each brain area were significantly lower compared to the control group. Except for the cerebrum, levels of Gly in other brain areas were significantly increased during the anaesthesia period. In vitro, xylazine-related neuron secretion of Gly increased significantly compared to the control group at 60 min and 90 min. Moreover, xylazine caused a significant decrease in the levels of Asp secreted by neurons at 20 min, but gradually returned to the level of the control group.


Conclusion
The data showed that during anaesthesia the overall levels of Asp decreased and overall levels of Gly increased. In addition, the inhibitory effect of xylazine on Asp and the promotion of Gly were dose-dependent. Our data showed that different effects of xylazine on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of xylazine activity in clinical anaesthesia.

Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain"}

Introduction
Xylazine, a type of α2-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid...

Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 121 - 128

Received: Sep 15, 2017

Accepted: Feb 14, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0017

Keywords
rats, brain, xylazine, glycine, aspartic acid

© 2018 Y.-M. Zhang et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 121 - 128

Received: Sep 15, 2017

Accepted: Feb 14, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0017

Keywordsrats, brain, xylazine, glycine, aspartic acid

© 2018 Y.-M. Zhang et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
rats, brain, xylazine, glycine, aspartic acid