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The Use of Pistacia Lentiscus Chia Resin versus Omeprazole in Protecting Male Rats Peptic Mucosa against Cold Restraint Stress

Despoina Kakagia
Despoina Kakagia
, 
Apostolos Papalois
Apostolos Papalois
, 
Maria Lambropoulou
Maria Lambropoulou
, 
Fotini Papachristou
Fotini Papachristou
, 
Gregory Trypsiannis
Gregory Trypsiannis
, 
Constantinos Anagnostopoulos
Constantinos Anagnostopoulos
, 
Mike Pitiakoudis
Mike Pitiakoudis
 and 
Alexandra Tsaroucha
Alexandra Tsaroucha
   | May 06, 2020
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Article Category: Research article
Published Online: May 06, 2020
Page range: 100 - 110
Received: Feb 11, 2020
Accepted: Apr 14, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2020-0018
Keywords
© 2020 Despoina Kakagia, Apostolos Papalois, Maria Lambropoulou, Fotini Papachristou, Gregory Trypsiannis, Constantinos Anagnostopoulos, Mike Pitiakoudis, Alexandra Tsaroucha, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Gastric mucosa sections. HE x 200. Mucosal changes in: a. Chios mastic group: minimal hyperaemia and oedema, rare inflammatory cells, b. omeprazole group: mild hyperemia and oedema, minor deposits of inflammatory cells c. control: more extensive hyperemia and oedema and deposits of inflammatory cells, moderate hemorrhagic infiltration and pronounced loss of epithelial cells.
Gastric mucosa sections. HE x 200. Mucosal changes in: a. Chios mastic group: minimal hyperaemia and oedema, rare inflammatory cells, b. omeprazole group: mild hyperemia and oedema, minor deposits of inflammatory cells c. control: more extensive hyperemia and oedema and deposits of inflammatory cells, moderate hemorrhagic infiltration and pronounced loss of epithelial cells.

Fig. 2

Graphic for statistic comparison of gastric mucosal lesions between the three groups.
Graphic for statistic comparison of gastric mucosal lesions between the three groups.

Fig. 3

Mucin containing mucosal Goblet Cells in histologic sections of the ascending colon, presenting as pink flower petals. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) X 200. a. after pre-treatment with CMG, b. after pre-treatment with Omeprazole and c. in the control group.
Mucin containing mucosal Goblet Cells in histologic sections of the ascending colon, presenting as pink flower petals. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) X 200. a. after pre-treatment with CMG, b. after pre-treatment with Omeprazole and c. in the control group.

Fig. 4

Graphic of statistic comparison of colonic mucosal lesions in the three groups
Graphic of statistic comparison of colonic mucosal lesions in the three groups

Fig. 5

Graphics of statistic comparison of antioxidant and anti- inflammatory markers between the three groups
Graphics of statistic comparison of antioxidant and anti- inflammatory markers between the three groups

Mucosal lesions observed in the ascending colon in the three groups

GroupsMultiple comparisons
COMp valueC vs OC vs MO vs M
Hyperemia0.001a
Negative0 (0.0)3 (42.9)0 (0.0)
Low1 (14.3)4 (57.1)7 (100.0)
Moderate3 (42.9)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High3 (42.9)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)2.29 (0.76)0.57 (0.54)1.00 (0.0)<0.001b<0.001c<0.001c0.151c
Median value (min-max)2 (1 – 3)1 (0 – 1)10.001d0.003e0.003e0.060e
Hemorrhagic infiltration0.002
Negative0 (0.0)7 (100.0)5 (71.4)
Low3 (42.9)0 (0.0)2 (28.6)
Moderate4 (57.1)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)1.57 (0.54)0.0 (0.0)0.29 (0.49)<0.001<0.001<0.0010.217
Median value (min-max)2 (1 – 2)00 (0 – 1)<0.0010.0010.0040.141
Average Histological Score,mean (SD)3.86 (1.22)0.57 (0.54)1.29 (0.49)<0.001<0.001<0.0010.119
Number of Goblet cells50.54 (3.56)52.71 (2.84)52.51 (2.83)0.3700.2060.2490.905

Gastric mucosal lesions in the three groups

GroupsMultiple comparisons
COMp valueC vs OC vs MO vs M
Hyperemia0.001a
Negative0 (0.0)2 (28.6)1 (14.3)
Low0 (0.0)5 (71.4)6 (85.7)
Moderate6 (85.7)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High1 (14.3)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)2.14 (0.38)0.71 (0.49)0.86 (0.38)<0.001b<0.001c<0.001c0.530c
Median value (min-max)2 (2 – 3)1 (0 – 1)1 (0 – 1)<0.001d0.001e0.001e0.530e
Hemorrhagic infiltration0.001
Negative0 (0.0)7 (100.0)6 (85.7)
Low4 (57.1)0 (0.0)1 (14.3)
Moderate3 (42.9)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)1.43 (0.54)0.0 (0.0)0.14 (0.38)<0.001<0.001<0.0010.489
Median value (min-max)1 (1 – 2)00 (0 – 1)<0.0010.0010.0020.317
Loss EC0.084
Negative0 (0.0)4 (57.1)3 (42.9)
Low5 (71.4)3 (42.9)4 (57.1)
Moderate2 (28.6)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)1.29 (0.49)0.43 (0.54)0.57 (0.54)0.0140.0060.0190.613
edian value (min-max)1 (1 – 2)0 (0 – 1)1 (0 – 1)0.0260.0150.0300.606
Oedema0.017 a
Negative0 (0.0)5 (71.4)4 (57.1)
Low7 (100.0)2 (28.6)3 (42.9)
Moderate0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)1.00 (0.0)0.29 (0.49)0.43 (0.54)0.012b0.005c0.020c0.530c
Median value (min-max)10 (0 – 1)0 (0 – 1)0.020d0.007e0.023e0.591e
Infiltration IC0.466
Negative3 (42.9)5 (71.4)3 (42.9)
Low4 (57.1)2 (28.6)4 (57.1)
Moderate0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
High0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)0.57 (0.54)0.29 (0.49)0.57 (0.54)0.5070.3171.0000.317
Median value (min-max)1 (0 – 1)0 (0 – 1)1 (0 – 1)0.4830.2981.0000.298
Average histological score, mean (SD)6.43 (1.13)1.71 (0.95)2.57 (1.62)<0.001<0.001<0.0010.221

Serum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers in the three groups

GroupsMultiple comparisonsb
COMp value aC vs OC vs MO vs M
μΜ Peroxidase/mg of protein0.151 (0.039)0.144 (0.027)0.110 (0.016)0.0390.6660.0180.043
mM TEAC/mg protein0.024 (0.006)0.028 (0.004)0.031 (0.009)0.2770.3860.1140.450
SOD U/mg protein0.156 (0.012)0.104 (0.016)0.087 (0.016)<0.001<0.001<0.0010.047
pg TNFa/mg protein0.999 (0.437)1.202 (0.396)0.653 (0.264)0.0400.3220.1000.013
pg IL1β/mg of protein4.399 (1.450)2.426 (0.762)1.587 (0.291)<0.0010.001<0.0010.120
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