<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In recent years, a new form of medicine has become increasingly significant, namely, personalised medicine (PM). PM is a form of care in which treatment is tailored for an individual patient.PM is about using multiple data sets to create a digital human mapping. A person’s biological traits are determined by the interactions of hundreds of genes and gene networks, as well as external factors such as diet and exercise. Combining and then investigating these multiple databases with powerful statistical tools, allows a new understanding of how genetic intricacy drives health and disease and so leads to a closer personalised medical approach that targets each individual’s unique genetic make-up.Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection, ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Sepsis is the most common cause of death in intensive care patients. Treatments in an ICU may need to be adapted to the continuous and rapid changes of the disease, making it challenging to identify a single target. PM is thus seen as the future of sepsis treatment in the ICU.The fact that individual patients respond differently to treatment should be regarded as a starting point in the approach to providing treatment. The disease itself comes secondary to this concept.</abstract>

In recent years, a new form of medicine has become increasingly significant, namely, personalised medicine (PM). PM is a form of care in which treatment is tailored for an individual patient.PM is about using multiple data sets to create a digital human mapping. A person’s biological traits are determined by the interactions of hundreds of genes and gene networks, as well as external factors such as diet and exercise. Combining and then investigating these multiple databases with powerful statistical tools, allows a new understanding of how genetic intricacy drives health and disease and so leads to a closer personalised medical approach that targets each individual’s unique genetic make-up.Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection, ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Sepsis is the most common cause of death in intensive care patients. Treatments in an ICU may need to be adapted to the continuous and rapid changes of the disease, making it challenging to identify a single target. PM is thus seen as the future of sepsis treatment in the ICU.The fact that individual patients respond differently to treatment should be regarded as a starting point in the approach to providing treatment. The disease itself comes secondary to this concept.

Precision Medicine and its Role in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Personalised View

The Journal of Critical Care Medicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

{"article-title":"Precision Medicine and its Role in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Personalised View"}

In recent years, a new form of medicine has become increasingly significant, namely, personalised medicine (PM). PM is a form of care in which treatment is...

Medical area	Drug	Biomarker
Infectious	Abacavir	HLA-B
Diseases	Boceprevir	IFNL3 (IL28B)- genetic variant near the gene encoding interferon-lambda-3
	Ceftriaxone	G6PD
	Daclatasvir	IFNL3 (IL28B)
	Efavirenz	CYP2B6

Oncology	Abemaciclib (1)	ESR (HR)-hormone receptor
	Abemaciclib (2)	ERBB2 (HER2)- , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
		ERBB2 (HER2)
	Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine	EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)
	Afatinib	ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase)
	Alectinib	CD274 (PD-L1)
	Atezolizumab (1)	Gene Signature (T-effector)
	Atezolizumab (2)	ROS
	Crizotinib	BRAF
	Dabrafenib	RAS
	Dabrafenib	ESR, PGR (Hormone Receptor)
	Docetaxel	CD274 (PD-L1)
	Durvalumab	Chromosome 17p
	Duvelisib	FLT3
	Gilteritinib	Chromosome 11q
	Ibrutinib	BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)
	Inotuzumab Ozogamicin	Microsatellite Instability Mismatch Repair
	Ipilimumab	IDH1- isocitrate dehydrogenase-1
	Ivosidenib	HLA-DQA1, HLA-DRB1
	Lapatinib	NTRK- gene
	Larotrectinib	NUDT15- nucleotide diphosphatase
	Mercaptopurine	UGT1A1-polymorphysm

Neurology	Amifampridine	NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 2)
	Citalopram	CYP2C19
	Inotersen	TTR
	Nusinersen	Nusinersen

Psychiatry	Amphetamine	CYP2D6
	Clozapine	CYP2D6

Anesthesiology	Articaine and Epinephrine (1)	G6PD
	Chloroprocaine	G6PD
	Codeine	CYP2D
	Lidocaine and Tetracaine	G6PD
	Lofexidine	CYP2D6
	Mivacurium	BCHE

Hematology	Avatrombopag (1)	F2 (Prothrombin)
	Avatrombopag (2)	F5 (Factor V Leiden)
	Avatrombopag (3)	SERPINC1 (Antithrombin III)
	Blinatumomab	BCR-ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)
	Emapalumab-lzsg	PRF1, RAB27A, SH2D1A, STXBP2, STX11, UNC13D, XIAP (Hemophagocy tic Lymphohistiocytosis)-

	Enasidenib	IDH2
	Lenalidomide	Chromosome 5q
	Lusutrombopag	PROC, SERPINC1 (Antithrombin III)

Inborn Errors of Metabolism	Cerliponase Alfa	TPP1- tripeptidyl peptidase 1
	Eliglustat	CYP2D6
	Migalastat	GLA- galactosidase alpha gene

Urology	Fesoterodine	CYP2D6
	Tolterodine	CYP2D6

Pulmonary	Formoterol	CYP2D6
		CYP2C19
	Ivacaftor	CFTR- cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Gynecology	Ospemifene	CYP2C9

Precision Medicine and its Role in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Personalised View

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Aug 09, 2019

Page range: 90 - 96

Received: Apr 14, 2019

Accepted: Jul 29, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2019-0017

Keywords
precision medicine, intensive care, sepsis, multiple datasets, genome

© 2019 Alexandra Lazăr, Anca Meda Georgescu, Alexander Vitin, Leonard Azamfirei, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling (10)

Precision Medicine and its Role in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Personalised View

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Aug 09, 2019

Page range: 90 - 96

Received: Apr 14, 2019

Accepted: Jul 29, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2019-0017

Keywordsprecision medicine, intensive care, sepsis, multiple datasets, genome

© 2019 Alexandra Lazăr, Anca Meda Georgescu, Alexander Vitin, Leonard Azamfirei, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Table of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers in Drug Labeling (10)

Keywords
precision medicine, intensive care, sepsis, multiple datasets, genome