<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Eight samples of propolis commercially available on south-eastern Poland’s beekeeping market were compared in terms of quality, chemical composition and biological activity, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical requirements indicated that only 50% of tested propolis samples was classified to class II regarding obligatory limits, while the others were out-class. A big variation in mineral composition was determined by the ICP-OES method but all samples were free of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Ni). Although mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds occurred in tested propolis (in general lower than 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g), <italic>E. coli</italic> and spore-forming sulphite-reducing bacteria as well as <italic>Salmonella</italic> and <italic>Shigella</italic> bacteria were not detected. High antioxidant activity and total phenolic content for all samples was confirmed, which was correlated with antibacterial activity tested against <italic>E. coli</italic> ATCC 11775 strain. Additionally, the propolis sample with the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC 0.33 mg/mL) inhibited biofilm formation of <italic>S. aureus</italic> and <italic>S. epidermidis</italic> ATCC 35984 (MBIC 0.66 and 5.25 mg/mL, respectively). However, great variation in terms of antioxidant activity and HPLC polyphenolic profile were observed, and sakuranetin and pinobanksin were identified as the most effective antioxidant components. Moreover, the usefulness of ATR-FTIR spectra analysis was confirmed as a quick method for initial testing of propolis quality.</p>
</abstract>

Eight samples of propolis commercially available on south-eastern Poland’s beekeeping market were compared in terms of quality, chemical composition and biological activity, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical requirements indicated that only 50% of tested propolis samples was classified to class II regarding obligatory limits, while the others were out-class. A big variation in mineral composition was determined by the ICP-OES method but all samples were free of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Ni). Although mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds occurred in tested propolis (in general lower than 102 CFU/g), E. coli and spore-forming sulphite-reducing bacteria as well as Salmonella and Shigella bacteria were not detected. High antioxidant activity and total phenolic content for all samples was confirmed, which was correlated with antibacterial activity tested against E. coli ATCC 11775 strain. Additionally, the propolis sample with the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC 0.33 mg/mL) inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 (MBIC 0.66 and 5.25 mg/mL, respectively). However, great variation in terms of antioxidant activity and HPLC polyphenolic profile were observed, and sakuranetin and pinobanksin were identified as the most effective antioxidant components. Moreover, the usefulness of ATR-FTIR spectra analysis was confirmed as a quick method for initial testing of propolis quality.

Quality of Propolis Commercially Available on Podkarpacki Beekeeping Market

Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition

Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry

Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition

Journal of Apicultural Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Quality of Propolis Commercially Available on Podkarpacki Beekeeping Market"}

Eight samples of propolis commercially available on south-eastern Poland’s beekeeping market were compared in terms of quality, chemical composition and...

Quality of Propolis Commercially Available on Podkarpacki Beekeeping Market

Published Online: May 02, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Dec 07, 2023

Accepted: Apr 16, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2024-0004

Keywords
antibacterial activity, microbial contamination, polyphenolic profile, propolis, purity class

© 2024 Michał Miłek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Quality of Propolis Commercially Available on Podkarpacki Beekeeping Market

Published Online: May 02, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Dec 07, 2023

Accepted: Apr 16, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jas-2024-0004

Keywordsantibacterial activity, microbial contamination, polyphenolic profile, propolis, purity class

© 2024 Michał Miłek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
antibacterial activity, microbial contamination, polyphenolic profile, propolis, purity class