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Investigation of Zebrafish Larvae Behavior as Precursor for Suborbital Flights: Feasibility Study

Pedro J. Llanos
Pedro J. Llanos
, 
Kristina Andrijauskaite
Kristina Andrijauskaite
, 
Mark P. Rubinstein
Mark P. Rubinstein
 and 
Sherine S. L. Chan
Sherine S. L. Chan
   | Jul 20, 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Jul 20, 2020
Page range: 37 - 57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2018-0004
Keywords
© 2018 Pedro J. Llanos et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Distance traveled by zebrafish larvae during various time phases: 5 min light on (top), 1 min switch condition off where the light intensity is reduced from 100% light on to 100% light off (middle), 5 min light off (bottom). Each dot represents individual well of the 48-well plate. Colors correspond to the letters of the well: A comprises well numbers 1–8 with no zebrafish; B represents well numbers 9–16 with zebrafish in wells B2–B7; C indicates well numbers 17–24 with zebrafish in wells C2–C6; D corresponds to well numbers 25–32 with zebrafish in wells D2–D6; E comprises well numbers 33–40 with zebrafish in wells E2–E6; and F represents well numbers 41–48 with no zebrafish. Blue dots in wells C1, F4, and F6 are residues and do not reflect any motion.
Distance traveled by zebrafish larvae during various time phases: 5 min light on (top), 1 min switch condition off where the light intensity is reduced from 100% light on to 100% light off (middle), 5 min light off (bottom). Each dot represents individual well of the 48-well plate. Colors correspond to the letters of the well: A comprises well numbers 1–8 with no zebrafish; B represents well numbers 9–16 with zebrafish in wells B2–B7; C indicates well numbers 17–24 with zebrafish in wells C2–C6; D corresponds to well numbers 25–32 with zebrafish in wells D2–D6; E comprises well numbers 33–40 with zebrafish in wells E2–E6; and F represents well numbers 41–48 with no zebrafish. Blue dots in wells C1, F4, and F6 are residues and do not reflect any motion.

Figure 2

Comparison of total distance traveled of zebrafish larvae during various light phases. 5 min light on is represented by the dashed line and 5 min light off is represented by the solid line. Color representations are as in Figure 1.
Comparison of total distance traveled of zebrafish larvae during various light phases. 5 min light on is represented by the dashed line and 5 min light off is represented by the solid line. Color representations are as in Figure 1.

Figure 3

Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in B wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.
Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in B wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.

Figure 4

Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in E wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.
Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in E wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.

Figure 5

Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in C wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.
Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in C wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.

Figure 6

Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in D wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.
Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae in D wells during different light conditions. The blue dots represent the distance traveled by larvae during the 5 min lighted condition. The red crosses denote the distance traveled by larvae during the switch condition. The black crosses correspond to the distance traveled by larvae under the 5 min dark condition.

Figure 7

Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae exposed to different temperature variations: 32°C (top), 28.5°C (middle), 25ºC (bottom). Each red dot represents the position for each discrete data point tracked by Ethovision®. The blue line indicates the approximated path of the zebrafish between data points.
Behavioral motion of zebrafish larvae exposed to different temperature variations: 32°C (top), 28.5°C (middle), 25ºC (bottom). Each red dot represents the position for each discrete data point tracked by Ethovision®. The blue line indicates the approximated path of the zebrafish between data points.

Figure 8

Distance traveled by zebrafish larvae when exposed to an 11 min varying light cycle. (A) 3 min in light. (B) 1 min light to dark. (C) 3 min in dark. (D) 1 min dark to light. (E) 3 min in light.
Distance traveled by zebrafish larvae when exposed to an 11 min varying light cycle. (A) 3 min in light. (B) 1 min light to dark. (C) 3 min in dark. (D) 1 min dark to light. (E) 3 min in light.

Figure 9

Graphical representation of the zebrafish exposure to centrifugation profile. Left: Angular velocity as function of time. Right: G-force as function of time.
Graphical representation of the zebrafish exposure to centrifugation profile. Left: Angular velocity as function of time. Right: G-force as function of time.

Figure 10

Representation of zebrafish after centrifugation. Left: Majority of zebrafish larvae localized in the bottom of the conical tube, whereas very few were swimming in the mid-top sections of the tube. Right: Magnification of the picture on the left showing some zebrafish swimming with their tails down or upside down.
Representation of zebrafish after centrifugation. Left: Majority of zebrafish larvae localized in the bottom of the conical tube, whereas very few were swimming in the mid-top sections of the tube. Right: Magnification of the picture on the left showing some zebrafish swimming with their tails down or upside down.

Figure 11

Motion of zebrafish after exposure to centrifugation: no centrifugation (above), centrifugation (below). Green regions depict areas where the larvae did not swim (forbidden regions). X and Y represent the coordinates of each well on the 48-well plate.
Motion of zebrafish after exposure to centrifugation: no centrifugation (above), centrifugation (below). Green regions depict areas where the larvae did not swim (forbidden regions). X and Y represent the coordinates of each well on the 48-well plate.

Figure 12

Contour maps for radial and tangential velocities at various temperatures in different wells: (A) Well C4 at 32ºC. (B) Well C8 at 32ºC. (C) Well E1 at 28.5 ºC. (D) Well E5 at 28.5ºC. (E) Well D3 at 25ºC. (F) Well D6 at 25ºC
Contour maps for radial and tangential velocities at various temperatures in different wells: (A) Well C4 at 32ºC. (B) Well C8 at 32ºC. (C) Well E1 at 28.5 ºC. (D) Well E5 at 28.5ºC. (E) Well D3 at 25ºC. (F) Well D6 at 25ºC
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