<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The aim of the study was to describe the differences in composition, physical and technological properties of raw milk as affected by breed of cattle, season and type of feeding. The study was conducted from June 2005 to February 2007 on bulk milk samples (BMS) collected from 8 commercial dairy herds consisting of Czech Fleckvieh (CF, 4 herds) and Holstein (H, 4 herds) dairy cows. Half of herds in each breed was grazing (G) during summer season while the other half was not (N). Samples were collected regularly two times in winter (W) and two times in summer (S) period resulting in a total of 64 bulk milk samples (BMS) examined. Milk yield in CF (5385.50 kg) was lower (P&lt;0.05) than in H (7015.15 kg). Milk fat in CF was higher (P&lt;0.05) than in H breed being 3.9 and 3.72 g/100 g, respectively. CF cows had higher (P&lt;0.05) content of crude protein, casein, true protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) than H. Content of fat, crude protein, casein, true protein and whey protein was lower (P&lt;0.05) in summer (S) than in winter (W). Milk yield in grazing herds (G, 5197.50 kg) was lower (P&lt;0.05) than in non-grazing herds (N, 7203.75 kg). Content of fat was higher (P&lt;0.05) in G (3.89 g/100 g) than in N (3.73 g/100 g). Concentration of lactose, urea, crude protein, casein, true protein, whey protein was lower (P&lt;0.05) in G than in N. In conclusion, the Czech Fleckvieh breed had a lower milk yield but produced milk with higher concentration of the main milk components than the Czech population of the Holstein breed. Large seasonal variations were determined in concentrations of the main milk components. The most pronounced changes in milk composition were caused by the type of feeding with a clear decrease in milk yield and content of lactose and all studied protein fractions and higher content of fat in grazing herds compared to non-grazing herds.</p></abstract>

The aim of the study was to describe the differences in composition, physical and technological properties of raw milk as affected by breed of cattle, season and type of feeding. The study was conducted from June 2005 to February 2007 on bulk milk samples (BMS) collected from 8 commercial dairy herds consisting of Czech Fleckvieh (CF, 4 herds) and Holstein (H, 4 herds) dairy cows. Half of herds in each breed was grazing (G) during summer season while the other half was not (N). Samples were collected regularly two times in winter (W) and two times in summer (S) period resulting in a total of 64 bulk milk samples (BMS) examined. Milk yield in CF (5385.50 kg) was lower (P<0.05) than in H (7015.15 kg). Milk fat in CF was higher (P<0.05) than in H breed being 3.9 and 3.72 g/100 g, respectively. CF cows had higher (P<0.05) content of crude protein, casein, true protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) than H. Content of fat, crude protein, casein, true protein and whey protein was lower (P<0.05) in summer (S) than in winter (W). Milk yield in grazing herds (G, 5197.50 kg) was lower (P<0.05) than in non-grazing herds (N, 7203.75 kg). Content of fat was higher (P<0.05) in G (3.89 g/100 g) than in N (3.73 g/100 g). Concentration of lactose, urea, crude protein, casein, true protein, whey protein was lower (P<0.05) in G than in N. In conclusion, the Czech Fleckvieh breed had a lower milk yield but produced milk with higher concentration of the main milk components than the Czech population of the Holstein breed. Large seasonal variations were determined in concentrations of the main milk components. The most pronounced changes in milk composition were caused by the type of feeding with a clear decrease in milk yield and content of lactose and all studied protein fractions and higher content of fat in grazing herds compared to non-grazing herds.

Composition, Physical and Technological Properties of Raw Milk as Affected by Cattle Breed, Season and Type of Diet

Department of Animal Nutrition and Quality of Livestock Products, Agrovyzkum Rapotín Ltd., Výzkumníků 267, 78813 Vikýřovice, Czech Republic

Department of Laboratory, Research Institute for Cattle Breeding Ltd., Výzkumníků 267, 78813 Vikýřovice, Czech Republic

Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia České Budějovice, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Prague, Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The aim of the study was to describe the differences in composition, physical and technological properties of raw milk as affected by breed of cattle, season...

Composition, Physical and Technological Properties of Raw Milk as Affected by Cattle Breed, Season and Type of Diet

Published Online: Jul 29, 2014

Page range: 721 - 736

Received: Aug 11, 2013

Accepted: Mar 06, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0034

Keywords
cow genotype, Czech Fleckvieh, Holstein, bulk milk, pasture

© 2014 Ludmila Křížová et. al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Composition, Physical and Technological Properties of Raw Milk as Affected by Cattle Breed, Season and Type of Diet

Published Online: Jul 29, 2014

Page range: 721 - 736

Received: Aug 11, 2013

Accepted: Mar 06, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0034

Keywordscow genotype, Czech Fleckvieh, Holstein, bulk milk, pasture

© 2014 Ludmila Křížová et. al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
cow genotype, Czech Fleckvieh, Holstein, bulk milk, pasture