Open Access

Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Modeling emotional intelligence as mediator


Cite

Ahangar, R.G. (2009), "Building managers as transformational leaders in public sector banks", International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 355-364.Search in Google Scholar

Ahmad, A.S.S. (2012), "Perceived transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behavior: a case study of administrative staff of University of the Punjab", European Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, No. 21, pp. 150-158.Search in Google Scholar

Allen, T.D., Barnard, S., Rush, M.C. and Russell, J.E. (2000), "Ratings of organizational citizenship behavior: Does the source make a difference?", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 97-114.10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00041-8Search in Google Scholar

Anwar, M.A. and Osman-Gani, A.M. (2015), "The effects of spiritual intelligence and its dimensions on organizational citizenship behaviour", Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Vol. 8, No. 4, p. 1162.Search in Google Scholar

Anwar, M.A., Anwar, M.A., Osman-Gani, A.M., Osman-Gani, A.M., Fontaine, R., Fontaine, R., Rahman, M.S. and Rahman, M.S. (2017), "Assessing organizational citizenship behaviour through constructing emotional intelligence", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 105-117.10.1108/APJBA-05-2016-0049Search in Google Scholar

Avolio, B.J., Waldman, D.A. and Einstein, W.O. (1988), "Transformational leadership in a management game simulation: Impacting the bottom line", Group & Organization Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 59-80.10.1177/105960118801300109Search in Google Scholar

Avolio, B.J., Bass, B.M. and Zhu, F.W.W. (2004), Multifactor leadership questionnaire: manual and sampler set, Mind Garden Redwood City. Search in Google Scholar

Barclay, D., Higgins, C. and Thompson, R. (1995), "The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration", Technology studies, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 285-309.Search in Google Scholar

Barling, J., Slater, F. and Kevin Kelloway, E. (2000), "Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: An exploratory study", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 157-161.10.1108/01437730010325040Search in Google Scholar

Barnard, C.I. (1938), The functions of the executive, Harvard University, Cambridge.Search in Google Scholar

Bass, B.M. (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Collier Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (1995), Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual leader form, rater, and scoring key for MLQ (Form 5x-Short), Mind Garden, Redwood City.Search in Google Scholar

Bass, B.M. and Riggio, R.E. (2006), Transformational leadership, Psychology Press.10.4324/9781410617095Search in Google Scholar

Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.Search in Google Scholar

Bateman, T.S. and Organ, D.W. (1983), "Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee 'citizenship'", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 587-595.10.2307/255908Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Balamohan, P., Tech, M. and Gomathi, S. (2015), "Emotional intelligence-Its importance and relationship with individual peformance, team-effectiveness, leadership and marketing effectiveness", Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 120.Search in Google Scholar

Balwant, P.T. (2016), "Transformational instructor‐leadership in higher education teaching: a meta‐analytic review and research agenda", Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 20-42.10.1002/jls.21423Search in Google Scholar

Berman, E.M. and West, J.P. (2008), "Managing emotional intelligence in US cities: A study of social skills among public managers", Public Administration Review, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 742-758.10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00912.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Boyatzis, R.E., Goleman, D. and Rhee, K. (2000), "Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)", Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 343-362. Search in Google Scholar

Bryant, S.E. (2003), "The role of transformational and transactional leadership in creating, sharing and exploiting organizational knowledge", Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 32-44.10.1177/107179190300900403Search in Google Scholar

Bryman, A. (1992), Charisma and leadership in organizations, Sage. Search in Google Scholar

Burns, J.M. (1978), Leadership, Harper & Row. New York. Search in Google Scholar

Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V. and Hickmann, M. (2012), "Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 443-455.10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.10.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chahal, H. and Mehta, S. (2010), "Antecedents and consequences of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB): A conceptual framework in reference to health care sector", Journal of Services Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 25.Search in Google Scholar

Choudhary, N., Kumar, R. and Philip, P.J. (2016), "Effects of transformational leadership on follower's organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating role of culture", Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 23-35.10.17010/pijom/2016/v9i7/97785Search in Google Scholar

Crossman, J. (2011), "Environmental and spiritual leadership: Tracing the synergies from an organizational perspective", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 103, No. 4, pp. 553-565.10.1007/s10551-011-0880-3Search in Google Scholar

Daus, C.S. and Ashkanasy, N.M. (2005), "The case for the ability‐based model of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior", Journal of Organizational behavior, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 453-466.10.1002/job.321Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J. (2014), "Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 36-62.10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005Search in Google Scholar

Duchon, D. and Plowman, D.A. (2005), "Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance", The leadership quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 807-833.10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.008Search in Google Scholar

Ehrhart, M.G. (2004), "Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unitlevel organizational citizenship behavior", Personnel Psychology, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 61-94.10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.tb02484.xSearch in Google Scholar

Emami, M., Alizadeh, Z., Nazari, K. and Darvishi, S. (2012), "Antecedents and consequences of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)", Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 3, No. 9.Search in Google Scholar

Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981), "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 382-388.10.2307/3150980Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fry, L.W. (2003), "Toward a theory of spiritual leadership", The Leadership quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 693-727. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gardner, L. and Stough, C. (2002), "Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior level managers", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 68-78.10.1108/01437730210419198Search in Google Scholar

Goleman, D. (1998), Working with emotional intelligence, Bantam.10.1002/ltl.40619981008Search in Google Scholar

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A. (2002), Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence, Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Griffin, M.A., Neal, A. and Parker, S.K. (2007), "A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 327-347.10.5465/AMJ.2007.24634438Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C. (2011), "Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Indeed a silver bullet", Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, Vol. 18, No. 2.10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202Search in Google Scholar

Hans, A., Mubeen, S.A. and Al Rabani, R.S.S. (2013), "A study on emotional intelligence among teachers: a case study of private educational institutions in Muscat", International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 359-366.Search in Google Scholar

Irshad, R. and Hashmi, M.S. (2014), "How transformational leadership is related to organizational citizenship behavior? The mediating role of emotional intelligence", Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 413-425.Search in Google Scholar

Ishak, N.M., Mustapha, R., Mahmud, Z. and Ariffin, S.R. (2006), "Emotional intelligence of Malaysian teachers: Implications on workplace productivity", International Journal of Vocational Education and Training, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 8-24.Search in Google Scholar

Jacobs, R.L. and McClelland, D.C. (1994), "Moving up the corporate ladder: A longitudinal study of the leadership motive pattern and managerial success in women and men", Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, Vol. 46, No. 1, p. 32.Search in Google Scholar

Jha, S. (2014), "Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment: Determinants of organizational citizenship behavior", South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-35.10.1108/SAJGBR-04-2012-0036Search in Google Scholar

Jordan, P.J. and Troth, A.C. (2004), "Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution", Human Performance, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 195-218.10.1207/s15327043hup1702_4Search in Google Scholar

Jorfi, H., Yaccob, H.F.B. and Shah, I.M. (2011), "The relationship between demographics variables, emotional intelligence, communication effectiveness, motivation, and job satisfaction", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35-58.10.6007/ijarbss.v1i1.7Search in Google Scholar

Jung, H.S. and Yoon, H.H. (2012), "The effects of emotional intelligence on counterproductive work behaviors and organizational citizen behaviors among food and beverage employees in a deluxe hotel", International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 369-378.10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.008Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Katz, D. (1964), "The motivational basis of organizational behavior", Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 131-146.10.1002/bs.3830090206Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kaur, D., Sambasivan, M. and Kumar, N. (2015), "Impact of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the caring behavior of nurses: a dimension-level exploratory study among public hospitals in Malaysia", Applied Nursing Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 293-298.10.1016/j.apnr.2015.01.006Search in Google Scholar

Koh, W.L., Steers, R.M. and Terborg, J.R. (1995), "The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 319-333.10.1002/job.4030160404Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kumar, J.A. and Muniandy, B. (2012), "The influence of demographic profiles on emotional intelligence: A study on polytechnic lecturers in Malaysia", International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 62-70. Search in Google Scholar

Lian, L.K. and Tui, L.G. (2012), "Leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating effect of subordinates' competence and downward influence tactics", The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, p. 59.Search in Google Scholar

Lee, K. and Allen, N.J. (2002), "Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: the role of affect and cognitions", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 1, p. 131.Search in Google Scholar

Lo, M.C. and Ramayah, T. (2009), "Dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a multicultural society: The case of Malaysia", International Business Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 48.Search in Google Scholar

Lo, M.C., Ramayah, T. and De Run, E.C. (2010), "Does transformational leadership style foster commitment to change? The case of higher education in Malaysia", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 5384-5388.10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.877Search in Google Scholar

Masi, R.J. and Cooke, R.A. (2000), "Effects of transformational leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms, and organizational productivity", The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 16-47.10.1108/eb028909Search in Google Scholar

Mayer, J.D. (2010), "What is emotional intelligence", In: P. Salovey. & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications, pp. 3-34.Search in Google Scholar

Martinez-Pons, M. (1997), "The relation of emotional intelligence with selected areas of personal functioning", Imagination, Cognition and Personality, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-13.10.2190/68VD-DFXB-K5AW-PQAYSearch in Google Scholar

Meyer, J.P. and Herscovitch, L. (2001), "Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 299-326.10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-XOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Modassir, A. and Singh, T. (2008), "Relationship of emotional intelligence with transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior", International Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 3-21.Search in Google Scholar

Naghdi, M. and Shatalebi, B. (2013), "The predictability of the organizational citizenship behavior through emotional intelligence dimensions in personnel of Isfahan municipality", Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, Vol. 2, No. 5, p. 36.Search in Google Scholar

Organ, D.W. (1988), Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome, Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.Search in Google Scholar

Organ, D.W. (1990), "The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior", Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 43-72.Search in Google Scholar

Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P.M. and MacKenzie, S.B. (2005), Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences, Sage Publications.10.4135/9781452231082Search in Google Scholar

Paine, J.B. and Organ, D.W. (2000), "The cultural matrix of organizational citizenship behavior: Some preliminary conceptual and empirical observations", Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 45-59.10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00038-8Search in Google Scholar

Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z. and Stough, C. (2001), "Emotional intelligence and effective leadership", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 5-10.10.1108/01437730110380174Search in Google Scholar

Petrides, K.V. and Furnham, A. (2000), "On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence", Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 313-320.10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00195-6Search in Google Scholar

Petrides, K.V. and Furnham, A. (2001), "Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies", European Journal of Personality, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 425-448.10.1002/per.416Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H. and Fetter, R. (1990), "Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 107-142.10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B. and Bachrach, D.G. (2000), "Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research", Journal of Management, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 513-563.10.1177/014920630002600307Search in Google Scholar

Ramlall, S. (2004), "A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations", Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 5, No. 1/2, pp. 52-63.Search in Google Scholar

Ramayah, T., Lee, J.W.C. and Lim, S. (2012), "Sustaining the environment through recycling: An empirical study", Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 102, pp. 141-147.10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rebello, F.S. (2011), "Emotional intelligence and employee productivity: an educator’s perspective", Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, pp.1-6.Search in Google Scholar

Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. and Will, A. (2005), SmartPLS 2.0. M3 (beta), University of Hamburg.Search in Google Scholar

Rohana, N. and Kamaruzaman, J., Zanariah. AR (2009), "Emotional ıntelligence of malaysian academia towards work performance", International Education Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 103-112.Search in Google Scholar

Rotundo, M. and Sackett, P.R. (2002), "The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: a policycapturing approach", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 87, No. 1, p. 66.Search in Google Scholar

Saklofske, D.H., Austin, E.J. and Minski, P.S. (2003), "Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure", Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 707-721.10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00056-9Search in Google Scholar

Salovey, P. and Mayer, J.D. (1990), "Emotional intelligence", Imagination, Cognition and Personality, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 185-211.10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDGSearch in Google Scholar

Sivanathan, N. and Cynthia Fekken, G. (2002), "Emotional intelligence, moral reasoning and transformational leadership", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 198-204.10.1108/01437730210429061Search in Google Scholar

Smith, C.A., Organ, D.W. and Near, J.P. (1983), "Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 68, No. 4, p. 653. 10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sturm, V.E., Rosen, H.J., Allison, S., Miller, B.L. and Levenson, R.W. (2006), "Self-conscious emotion deficits in frontotemporal lobar degeneration", Brain, Vol. 129, No. 9, pp. 2508-2516.10.1093/brain/awl145Search in Google Scholar

Suresh, S. and Venkatammal, P. (2010), "Antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviour", Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 276-286.Search in Google Scholar

Thorndike, E.L. (1920), "Intelligence and its uses", Harper's Magazine.Search in Google Scholar

Tischler, L., Biberman, J. and McKeage, R. (2002), "Linking emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance: Definitions, models and ideas for research", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 203-218.10.1108/02683940210423114Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Turner, L. (2004), "Emotional intelligence-our intangible asset? It's not just about being technically competent", Chartered Accountants Journal of New Zealand, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 29-31.Search in Google Scholar

Wong, C.S. and Law, K.S. (2002), "The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 243-274.10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1Search in Google Scholar

Williams, L.J. and Anderson, S.E. (1991), "Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors", Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 601-617.10.1177/014920639101700305Search in Google Scholar

Yukl, G. (1989), "Managerial leadership: A review of theory and research", Journal of Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 251-289.10.1177/014920638901500207Search in Google Scholar