Net food production of different livestock: A national analysis for Austria including relative occupation of different land categories / Netto-Lebensmittelproduktion der Nutztierhaltung: Eine nationale Analyse für Österreich inklusive relativer Flächenbeanspruchung

Animal product	Protein content (g/kg)	Energy content (kJ/g)¹⁾	USDA nutrient database number (USDA, 2016) or other reference
Beef whole carcass	173	13.34	13001
Veal carcass	194	7.08	17088
Swine carcass	139	16.84	10001
Chicken meat and skin	186	10.14	05006
Turkey meat and skin	216	7.17	05165
Sheep carcass	167	12.70	17062
Goat carcass	167	10.89	17062 and Ringdorfer et al. (2006)
Cow milk	34.0	3.22	ZuchtData (2014)
Sheep milk	52.1	4.23	Mayer and Fiechter (2012)
Goat milk	31.5	2.92	Mayer and Fiechter (2012)
Whole chicken egg	126	6.71	01123

Presumed human-edible fractions (% of protein and energy) of feedstuffs for a current (CURR) and a maximum (MAX) scenario (based on Ertl et al., 2015 and own calculations according to the same methods) and the calculated digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of the main human-edible feed protein sources (Ertl et al., 2016)Tabelle 4. Angenommene humanernährungstaugliche Anteile von Futtermitteln unter einem derzeitigen (CURR) und einem Szenario mit maximalen Ausbeuten (MAX) (basierend auf Ertl et al., 2015 und eigenen Berechnungen nach denselben Methoden), sowie Score für Proteinqualität (DIAAS) (Ertl et al., 2016)

Feedstuff¹⁾	Protein (%)		Energy (%)		DIAAS (%)
Feedstuff¹⁾	CURR	MAX	CURR	MAX
Barley	40	80	40	80	47.2
Cottonseed cake	63	80	42	50	n.d.²⁾
Field beans	70	90	37	90	57.0
Fish meal	0	80	0	80	n.d.
Flax seed cake	5	19	10	15	n.d.
Gluten (from starch production)	0	80	0	80	n.d.
Maize, grain	70	90	70	90	42.4
Maize, silage	19	45	19	45	42.4
Maize, whole plant	19	45	19	45	42.4
Molasses (from sugar beets)	0	80	0	80	n.d.
Oats	50	75	50	75	56.7
Other grains	51	82	51	82	n.d.
Other oilseed cakes	27	52	22	31	n.d.
Other oilseeds	28	68	53	62	n.d.
Other pulses	63	81	33	81	n.d.
Palm-kernel cake	50	80	21	27	n.d.
Peas	70	90	37	90	64.7
Plant fats and oils	-	-	0	80	n.d.
Potato-protein feed	0	80	0	80	n.d.
Potatoes	0	80	0	80	n.d.
Rapeseed	30	87	64	74	70.2
Rapeseed cake	30	87	26	47	70.2
Rye	60	100	60	100	47.6
Rye, bran and middlings	0	20	0	20	n.d.
Skimmed milk, fluid	0	80	0	80	115.9
Soybean cake	50	92	42	65	97.0
Soybeans	50	93	51	93	99.6
Sugar	-	-	0	80	n.d.
Sunflower	14	46	64	68	47.8
Sunflower cake	14	46	20	30	46.4
Triticale	60	100	60	100	49.8
Wheat	60	100	60	100	40.2
Wheat, bran and middlings	0	20	0	20	48.8
Whey, fluid	0	80	0	80	115.9
Whole cow milk for feeding, fluid	30	50	30	50	115.9

Calculated percentages of potentially human-edible protein and energy in the total dietary protein and energy1), respectively, of different Austrian livestock categories for a current scenario (CURR) and a scenario with maximum human-edible fractions (MAX) (average over the years 2011–2013)Tabelle 6. Berechneter Anteil an potenziell humanernährungstauglichem Protein sowie humanernährungstauglicher Energie in den Rationen von österreichischen Nutztierkategorien in % von Gesamtprotein und -Energie in der Ration1) für ein derzeitiges (CURR) und ein Szenario mit maxima-len angenommene Extraktionsraten (MAX) (Durchschnitt für die Jahre 2011–2013)

Livestock category	Protein_CURR	Protein_MAX	Energy_CURR	Energy_MAX
Cattle	9.0	17.3	9.1	17.2
Dairy cows	10.0	18.6	10.3	18.6
Growing-fattening bulls	19.8	41.2	17.4	36.7
Swine	47.3	82.3	51.3	78.2
Laying hens	46.9	82.7	51.0	77.2
Broiler chickens	45.6	84.3	48.5	76.2
Turkeys	45.7	83.6	48.9	76.2
Sheep	10.0	18.8	10.3	19.1
Goats	10.2	19.6	9.4	17.3

Presumed yields (% of live weight) and protein and energy contents of animal by-products for different animal species (calculated with data from Venegas Fornias (1996), Ockerman and Hansen (2000) and USDA (2016))Tabelle 3. Angenommene Erträge (% vom Lebendgewicht) und Protein- und Energiegehalte von tierischen Nebenprodukten unterschiedlicher Nutztierarten

		Species
		Cattle	Swine	Sheep/Goats	Chicken	Turkey
Blood
	Yield	2.4	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Protein (g/kg)	178	185	-	-	-
	Energy (MJ/kg)	4.13	4.29	-	-	-
Fancy meats¹⁾
	Yield	3.68	2.65	2.7	0.0	0.0
	Protein (g/kg)	184	181	193	-	-
	Energy (MJ/kg)	6.23	5.94	6.14	-	-
Total by-products (without blood and edible kill fat)
	Yield	9.6	12.0	14.0	3.6	3.6
	Protein (g/kg)	202	148	167	166	179
	Energy (MJ/kg)	6.80	13.99	5.59	6.09	6.43
Edible kill fat
	Yield	4.0	2.4	12.0	0.0	0.0
	Protein (g/kg)	0.0	0.0	0.0	-	-
	Energy (MJ/kg)	32.09	32.09	32.84	-	-

Comparison of different feed conversion parameters for major Austrian meat production systems (current scenario, average over the years 2011–2013)Tabelle 8. Vergleich von unterschiedlichen Futtereffizienz-Parametern der wichtigsten österreichischen Fleischproduktionssysteme (derzeitiges Szenario, Durchschnitt für die Jahre 2011–2013)

Meat production system	Feed conversion parameter¹⁾
Meat production system	FCR	FCR_protein	FCR_energy	FCR_he-protein	FCR_he-energy
Growing-fattening bull	11.54	11.35	22.56	2.24	3.91
Pork production	3.68	5.89	5.63	2.79	2.89
Broiler chicken	2.18	4.23	6.88	1.92	3.34
Turkey meat	3.25	4.41	12.11	2.01	5.92

Relative occupation of different land categories for the production of feed protein and energy for main livestock categories in Austria (% of the total feed protein and energy derived from respective land category, average for the years 2011–2013)Tabelle 9. Relative Flächenbeanspruchung für die Produktion von Futterprotein und –Energie (% gesamt) für die wichtigsten österreichischen Nutztierkategorien (Durchschnitt für die Jahre 2011–2013)

Livestock category	Protein				Energy
Livestock category	A-MAIN¹⁾	A-Co	GRASS	OTHER	A-MAIN	A-Co	GRASS	OTHER
Cattle	32.3	15.3	52.3	0.0	39.4	8.8	51.8	0.0
Dairy cows	34.8	17.0	47.8	0.4	41.2	10.2	48.3	0.3
Growing-fattening bulls	58.3	31.0	10.7	0.0	77.4	13.1	9.5	0.0
Swine	50.7	48.3	0.1	0.9	75.5	24.0	0.1	0.4
Laying hens	48.8	50.7	0.0	0.5	73.7	26.1	0.0	0.3
Broiler chickens	39.1	58.6	0.0	2.3	67.1	32.0	0.0	0.9
Turkeys	40.7	56.9	0.0	2.4	68.9	30.2	0.0	0.9
Sheep	34.8	10.4	54.2	0.6	41.6	6.1	51.9	0.4
Goats	34.3	13.9	51.6	0.2	40.7	7.6	51.6	0.2

Amounts (% of carcass) subtracted from the total carcass weight to calculate the amount of edible meat for different animals (based on Wildling (2016), personal communication)Tabelle 1. Berücksichtigte Faktoren (% vom Schlachtkörper) zur Berechnung des essbaren Fleischanteils von unterschiedlichen Nutztieren ausgehend vom Schlachtkörper (basierend auf Wildling (2016), mündliche Mitteilung)

Carcass category	Bones	Losses from slaughter to consumption	Pet food
Beef	15.5	9.0	8.5
Veal	18.0	9.0	8.5
Swine	12.0	9.0	8.5
Chicken	28.0	4.0	8.5
Turkey	17.0¹⁾	4.0	8.5
Sheep	16.0	9.0	8.5
Goat	16.0	9.0	8.5

Calculated digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for animal products using amino acid composition from USDA (2016)Tabelle 5. Berechnete Scores für Proteinqualität (DIAAS) für tierische Produkte (Aminosäuren-Zusammensetzung von USDA (2016))

Animal Product	DIAAS (%)
Beef	109.3
Pork	113.9
Chicken meat and skin	108.2
Turkey meat and skin	83.1¹⁾
Sheep / Goat meat	116.8
Cow milk	115.9²⁾
Sheep milk	109.1
Goat milk	123.5
Whole chicken egg	116.4

Human-edible feed conversion efficiencies (heFCE = human-edible output / human-edible input) for protein and energy for a current scenario (CURR) and a scenario with maximum potentially human-edible fractions (MAX) for different Austrian livestock categories (average over the years 2011–2013)Tabelle 7. Lebensmittelkonversionseffizienzen (heFCE = humanernährungstauglicher Output / humanernährungstauglicher Input) für Protein und Energie für die wichtigsten österreichischen Nutztierkategorien (Durchschnitt für die Jahre 2011–2013)

Livestock category	heFCE protein		heFCE energy		PQR¹⁾	PQR × heFCE protein
Livestock category	CURR	MAX	CURR	MAX	PQR¹⁾	CURR	MAX
Cattle	1.52	0.87	1.06	0.62	1.84	2.81	1.60
Dairy cows	1.98	1.11	1.44	0.83	1.90	3.78	2.10
Growing-fattening bulls	0.45	0.31	0.26	0.19	1.66	0.73	0.53
Swine	0.36	0.29	0.35	0.34	1.74	0.64	0.50
Laying hens	0.63	0.36	0.31	0.21	1.63	1.04	0.58
Broiler chickens	0.52	0.36	0.30	0.24	1.43	0.76	0.51
Turkeys	0.50	0.33	0.17	0.13	1.11	0.56	0.36
Sheep	0.54	0.39	0.31	0.31	1.94	1.04	0.75
Goats	0.82	0.46	0.64	0.40	1.86	1.53	0.86

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Net food production of different livestock: A national analysis for Austria including relative occupation of different land categories / Netto-Lebensmittelproduktion der Nutztierhaltung: Eine nationale Analyse für Österreich inklusive relativer Flächenbeanspruchung

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Sep 08, 2016

Page range: 91 - 103

Received: Apr 13, 2016

Accepted: Jun 24, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/boku-2016-0009

KeywordsFood security, animal production, efficiency, feed versus food, land use

© 2016 De Gruyter, www.degruyter.com/view/j/boku

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Presumed protein and energy contents of animal products and respective referencesTabelle 2. Angenommene Protein- und Energiegehalte von tierischen Produkten, sowie zugehörige Quellenangaben

Calculated digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for animal products using amino acid composition from USDA (2016)Tabelle 5. Berechnete Scores für Proteinqualität (DIAAS) für tierische Produkte (Aminosäuren-Zusammensetzung von USDA (2016))

Keywords
Food security, animal production, efficiency, feed versus food, land use