This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gruppetta M, Mercieca C, Vassallo J. Prevalence and incidence of pituitary adenomas: A population based study in Malta. Pituitary. 2013; 16(4): 545-553.GruppettaMMerciecaCVassalloJPrevalence and incidence of pituitary adenomas: A population based study in MaltaPituitary201316454555310.1007/s11102-012-0454-023239049Search in Google Scholar
Karavitaki N. Prevalence and incidence of pituitary adenomas. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2012; 73(2): 79-80.KaravitakiNPrevalence and incidence of pituitary adenomasAnn Endocrinol (Paris)2012732798010.1016/j.ando.2012.03.03922520147Search in Google Scholar
Pereira AM, Biermasz NR. Treatment of non-functioning pituitary adenomas: What were the contributions of the last 10 years? A critical view. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2012; 73(2): 111-116.PereiraAMBiermaszNRTreatment of nonfunc-tioning pituitary adenomas: What were the contributions of the last 10 years? A critical viewAnn Endocrinol (Paris)201273211111610.1016/j.ando.2012.04.00222542000Search in Google Scholar
Chaidarun SS, Klibanski A. Gonadotropinomas. Semin Reprod Med. 2002; 20(4): 339-348.ChaidarunSSKlibanskiAGonadotropinomasSemin Reprod Med200220433934810.1055/s-2002-3670812536357Search in Google Scholar
Lee M, Marinoni I, Irmler M, Psaras T, Honegger JB, Beschorner R, et al. Transcriptome analysis of MENX-associated rat pituitary adenomas identifies novel molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of human pituitary gonadotroph adenomas. Acta Neuropathol. 2013; 126(1): 137-150.LeeMMarinoniIIrmlerMPsarasTHoneggerJBBeschornerRet alTranscriptome analysis of MENX-associated rat pituitary adenomas identifies novel molecular mechanisms involved in the patho-genesis of human pituitary gonadotroph adenomasActa Neuropathol2013126113715010.1007/s00401-013-1132-7369018223756599Search in Google Scholar
Beckers A, Aaltonen LA, Daly AF, Karhu A. Familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) and the pituitary adenoma predisposition due to mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) gene. Endocr Rev. 2013; 34(2): 239-277.BeckersAAaltonenLADalyAFKarhuAFamilial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) and the pituitary adenoma predisposition due to mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) geneEndocr Rev201334223927710.1210/er.2012-1013361067823371967Search in Google Scholar
Stratakis CA, Tichomirowa MA, Boikos S, Azevedo MF, Lodish M, Martari M, et al. The role of germline AIP, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2C mutations in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children, adolescents, and patients with genetic syndromes. Clin Genet. 2010; 78(5): 457-463.StratakisCATichomirowaMABoikosSAzevedoMFLodishMMartariMet alThe role of germline AIP MEN1, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2C mutations in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children, adolescents, and patients with genetic syndromesClin Genet201078545746310.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01406.x305003520507346Search in Google Scholar
Trovato M, Torre ML, Ragonese M, Simone A, Scarf R, Barresi V, et al. HGF/c-met system targeting PI3K/ AKT and STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 pathways in pituitary adenomas: An immunohistochemical characterization in view of targeted therapies. Endocrine. 2013; 44(3): 735-743.TrovatoMTorreMLRagoneseMSimoneAScarfRBarresiVet alHGF/c-met system targeting PI3K/ AKT and STAT3/phosphorylated-STAT3 pathways in pituitary adenomas: An immunohistochemical characterization in view of targeted therapiesEndocrine201344373574310.1007/s12020-013-9950-x23576023Search in Google Scholar
Duran-Prado M, Saveanu A, Luque RM, Gahete MD, Gracia-Navarro F, Jaquet P, et al. A potential inhibitory role for the new truncated variant of somatostatin receptor 5, sst5TMD4, in pituitary adenomas poorly responsive to somatostatin analogs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(5): 2497-2502.Duran-PradoMSaveanuALuqueRMGaheteMDGracia-NavarroFJaquetPet alA potential inhibitory role for the new truncated variant of somatostatin receptor 5, sst5TMD4, in pituitary adenomas poorly responsive to somatostatin analogsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20109552497250210.1210/jc.2009-224720233783Search in Google Scholar
Rubinfeld H, Shimon I. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/ MEK/ERK signaling pathways perturbations in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Endocrine. 2012; 42(2): 285-291.RubinfeldHShimonIPI3K/Akt/mTOR and Raf/ MEK/ERK signaling pathways perturbations in non-functioning pituitary adenomasEndocrine201242228529110.1007/s12020-012-9682-322552912Search in Google Scholar
Rotondi S, Oliva MA, Esposito V, Ventura L, Giangaspero F, Alesse E, et al. AIP expression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas is strongly associated with the gonadotroph phenotype but not with tumour aggressiveness. Endocrine Abstracts. 2014; 35: P835. (hppt:// www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0035/ea0035P835/ htm).RotondiSOlivaMAEspositoVVenturaLGiangasperoFAlesseEet alAIP expression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas is strongly associated with the gonadotroph phenotype but not with tumour aggressivenessEndocrine Abstracts201435P835hppt:// www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0035/ea0035P835/ htm10.1530/endoabs.35.P835Search in Google Scholar
Mussnich P, Raverot G, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Fraggetta F, Wierinckx A, Trouillas J, et al. Downregulation of miR-410 targeting the cyclin B1 gene plays a role in pituitary gonadotroph tumors. Cell Cycle. 2015; 14(16): 2590-2597.MussnichPRaverotGJaffrain-ReaMLFraggettaFWierinckxATrouillasJet alDownregulation of miR-410 targeting the cyclin B1 gene plays a role in pituitary gonadotroph tumorsCell Cycle201514162590259710.1080/15384101.2015.1064207461498126125663Search in Google Scholar
Chesnokova V, Zonis S, Wawrowsky K, Tani Y, Ben-Shlomo A, Ljubimov V, et al. Clusterin and FOXL2 act concordantly to regulate pituitary gonadotroph adenoma growth. Mol Endocrinol. 2012; 26(12): 2092-2103.ChesnokovaVZonisSWawrowskyKTaniYBen-ShlomoALjubimovVet alClusterin and FOXL2 act concordantly to regulate pituitary gonadotroph adenoma growthMol Endocrinol201226122092210310.1210/me.2012-1158351771223051594Search in Google Scholar
Michaelis KA, Knox AJ, Xu M, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Edwards MG, Geraci M, et al. Identification of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gene beta (GADD45beta) as a novel tumor suppressor in pituitary gonadotrope tumors. Endocrinology. 2011; 152(10): 3603-3613.MichaelisKAKnoxAJXuMKiseljak-VassiliadesKEdwardsMGGeraciMet alIdentification of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gene beta (GADD45beta) as a novel tumor suppressor in pituitary gonadotrope tumorsEndocrinology2011152103603361310.1210/en.2011-0109471464721810943Search in Google Scholar
Cai T, Xiao J, Wang ZF, Liu Q, Wu H, Qiu YZ. Identification of differentially coexpressed genes in gona-dotrope tumors and normal pituitary using bioinformatics methods. Pathol Oncol Res. 2014; 20(2): 375-380.CaiTXiaoJWangZFLiuQWuHQiuYZIdentification of differentially coexpressed genes in gona-dotrope tumors and normal pituitary using bio-informatics methodsPathol Oncol Res201420237538010.1007/s12253-013-9706-124198235Search in Google Scholar
Zhao P, Hu W, Wang H, Yu S, Li C, Bai J, et al. Identification of differentially expressed genes in pituitary adenomas by integrating analysis of microarray data. Int J Endocrinol. 2015; 2015: 164087. doi: 10.1155/2015/ 164087.ZhaoPHuWWangHYuSLiCBaiJet alIdentification of differentially expressed genes in pituitary adenomas by integrating analysis of microarray dataInt J Endocrinol20152015164087doi: 10.1155/2015/164087Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gautier L, Cope L, Bolstad BM, Irizarry RA. affy— analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe level. Bioinformatics. 2004; 20(3): 307-315.GautierLCopeLBolstadBMIrizarryRAaffy— analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe levelBioinformatics200420330731510.1093/bioinformatics/btg40514960456Search in Google Scholar
Wilson CL, Miller CJ. Simpleaffy: A BioConductor package for Affymetrix Quality Control and data analysis. Bioinformatics. 2005; 21(18): 3683-3685.WilsonCLMillerCJSimpleaffy: A BioConductor package for Affymetrix Quality Control and data analysisBioinformatics200521183683368510.1093/bioinformatics/bti60516076888Search in Google Scholar
Kolde R. Pheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps. R Package Version 0.7. 7. CRAN Repository, 2012.KoldeRPheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps. R Package Version 0.7. 7CRAN Repository2012Search in Google Scholar
Falcon S, Gentleman R. Using GOstats to test gene lists for GO term association. Bioinformatics. 2007; 23(2): 257-258.FalconSGentlemanRUsing GOstats to test gene lists for GO term associationBioinformatics200723225725810.1093/bioinformatics/btl56717098774Search in Google Scholar
Szklarczyk D, Franceschini A, Wyder S, Forslund K, Heller D, Huerta-Cepas J, et al. STRING v10: Protein-protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43(Database issue): D447-D452.SzklarczykDFranceschiniAWyderSForslundKHellerDHuerta-CepasJet alSTRING v10: Protein-protein interaction networks integrated over the tree of lifeNucleic Acids Res201543Database issueD447D45210.1093/nar/gku1003438387425352553Search in Google Scholar
Kohl M, Wiese S, Warscheid B. Cytoscape: Software for visualization and analysis of biological networks. Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 696: 291-303.KohlMWieseSWarscheidBCytoscape: Software for visualization and analysis of biological networksMethods Mol Biol201169629130310.1007/978-1-60761-987-1_1821063955Search in Google Scholar
Davis AP, Grondin CJ, Lennon-Hopkins K, Saraceni-Richards C, Sciaky D, King BL, et al. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database’s 10th year anniversary: Update 2015. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43(Database issue): D914-D920.DavisAPGrondinCJLennon-HopkinsKSaraceni-RichardsCSciakyDKingBLet alThe Comparative Toxicogenomics Database’s 10th year anniversary: Update 2015Nucleic Acids Res201543Database issueD914D92010.1093/nar/gku935438401325326323Search in Google Scholar
Suliman M, Royds J, Cullen D, Timperley W, Powell T, Battersby R, et al. Mdm2 and the p53 pathway in human pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001; 54(3): 317-325.SulimanMRoydsJCullenDTimperleyWPowellTBattersbyRet alMdm2 and the p53 pathway in human pituitary adenomasClin Endocrinol (Oxf)200154331732510.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01195.x11298083Search in Google Scholar
Butz H, Likó I, Czirják S, Igaz P, Korbonits M, Rácz K, et al. MicroRNA profile indicates downregulation of the TGFβ pathway in sporadic non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2011; 14(2): 112-124.ButzHLikóICzirjákSIgazPKorbonitsMRáczKet alMicroRNA profile indicates downregulation of the TGFβ pathway in sporadic non-functioning pituitary adenomasPituitary201114211212410.1007/s11102-010-0268-x21063788Search in Google Scholar
Rishi A, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Jain D, Singh M, Ma-hapatra AK, et al. A clinicopathological and immu-no-histochemical study of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas: A single institutional experience. Neurol India. 2010; 58(3): 418-423.RishiASharmaMCSarkarCJainDSinghMMa-hapatraAKet alA clinicopathological and immu-no-histochemical study of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas: A single institutional experienceNeurol India201058341842310.4103/0028-3886.6633620644271Search in Google Scholar
Chaidarun SS, Eggo MC, Sheppard MC, Stewart PM. Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), its receptor, and related oncoprotein (erbB-2) in human pituitary tumors and response to EGF in vitro. Endocrinology. 1994; 135(5): 2012-2021.ChaidarunSSEggoMCSheppardMCStewartPMExpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), its receptor and related oncoprotein (erbB-2) in human pituitary tumors and response to EGF in vitroEndocrinology199413552012202110.1210/endo.135.5.79569247956924Search in Google Scholar
Onguru O, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Vidal S, Jin L, Zhang S, et al. Analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor and activated epidermal growth factor receptor expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2004; 17(7): 772-780.OnguruOScheithauerBWKovacsKVidalSJinLZhangSet alAnalysis of epidermal growth factor receptor and activated epidermal growth factor receptor expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomasMod Pathol200417777278010.1038/modpathol.380011815098012Search in Google Scholar
Chaidarun SS, Klibanski A, Alexander JM. Tumor-specific expression of alternatively spliced estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid variants in human pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82(4): 1058-1065.ChaidarunSSKlibanskiAAlexanderJMTumor-specific expression of alternatively spliced estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid variants in human pituitary adenomasJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19978241058106510.1210/jc.82.4.1058Search in Google Scholar
Cheunsuchon P, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Lee H, Chen W, Nakayama Y, et al. Silencing of the imprinted DLK1-MEG3 locus in human clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Am J Pathol. 2011; 179(4): 2120-2130.CheunsuchonPZhouYZhangXLeeHChenWNakayamaYet alSilencing of the imprinted DLK1-MEG3 locus in human clinically nonfunction-ing pituitary adenomasAm J Pathol201117942120213010.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.002318137221871428Search in Google Scholar
Moreno CS, Evans CO, Zhan X, Okor M, Desiderio DM, Oyesiku NM. Novel molecular signaling and classification of human clinically nonfunctional pituitary adenomas identified by gene expression profling and proteomic analyses. Cancer Res. 2005; 65(22): 10214-10222.MorenoCSEvansCOZhanXOkorMDesiderioDMOyesikuNMNovel molecular signaling and classification of human clinically nonfunctional pituitary adenomas identified by gene expression pro-fling and proteomic analysesCancer Res20056522102141022210.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-088416288009Search in Google Scholar
Simpson DJ, Bicknell JE, McNicol AM, Clayton RN, Farrell WE. Hypermethylation of the p16/CDKN2A/ MTSI gene and loss of protein expression is associated with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas but not somatotrophinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1999; 24(4): 328-336.SimpsonDJBicknellJEMcNicolAMClaytonRNFarrellWEHypermethylation of the p16/CDKN2A/ MTSI gene and loss of protein expression is associated with nonfunctional pituitary adenomas but not somatotrophinomasGenes Chromosomes Cancer199924432833610.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199904)24:4<328::AID-GCC6>3.0.CO;2-PSearch in Google Scholar
Kim K, Arai K, Sanno N, Osamura RY, Teramoto A, Shibasaki T. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secre-tagogue receptor (GHSR) mRNA expression in human pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001; 54(6): 759-768.KimKAraiKSannoNOsamuraRYTeramotoAShibasakiTGhrelin and growth hormone (GH) secre-tagogue receptor (GHSR) mRNA expression in human pituitary adenomasClin Endocrinol (Oxf)200154675976810.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01286.xSearch in Google Scholar
Heim MH. The Jak-STAT pathway: Cytokine signalling from the receptor to the nucleus. J Recept Sig Transd. 1999; 19(1-4): 75-120.HeimMHThe Jak-STAT pathway: Cytokine signalling from the receptor to the nucleusJ Recept Sig Transd1999191-47512010.3109/10799899909036638Search in Google Scholar
Schindler CW. Series introduction: JAK-STAT signaling in human disease. J Clin Invest. 2002; 109(9): 1133-1137.SchindlerCWSeries introduction: JAK-STAT signaling in human diseaseJ Clin Invest200210991133113710.1172/JCI0215644Search in Google Scholar
Gong J, Zhao Y, Abdel-Fattah R, Amos S, Xiao A, Lopes MBS, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, a potential biological marker in invasive pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2008; 11(1): 37-48.GongJZhaoYAbdel-FattahRAmosSXiaoALopesMBSet alMatrix metalloproteinase-9, a potential biological marker in invasive pituitary adenomasPituitary2008111374810.1007/s11102-007-0066-2Search in Google Scholar
Paez-Pereda M, Kuchenbauer F, Arzt E, Stalla G. Regulation of pituitary hormones and cell proliferation by components of the extracellular matrix. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2005; 38(10): 1487-1494.Paez-PeredaMKuchenbauerFArztEStallaGRegulation of pituitary hormones and cell proliferation by components of the extracellular matrixBraz J Med Biol Res200538101487149410.1590/S0100-879X2005001000005Search in Google Scholar
