Open Access

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease


Cite

1. G. Ganzetti, A. Campanati and A. Offidani, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis: So far, so near, World J. Hepatol. 7 (2015) 315-326; DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.315.10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.315438116025848461Search in Google Scholar

2. A. Kotronen and H. Yki-Jarvinen, Fatty liver: a novel component of the metabolic syndrome, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (2008) 27-38; DOI: ATVBAHA.107.147538.10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.14753817690317Search in Google Scholar

3. M. Takeuchi, J. Takino, A. Sakasai-Sakai, T. Takata, T. Ueda, M. Tsutsumi, H. Hyogo and S. Yamagishi, Involvement of the TAGE-RAGE system in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Novel treatment strategies, World J. Hepatol. 6 (2014) 880-893; DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i12.880.10.4254/wjh.v6.i12.880426990725544875Search in Google Scholar

4. C. S. Hsu and J. H. Kao, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging liver disease in Taiwan, J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 111 (2012) 527-535; DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.07.002.10.1016/j.jfma.2012.07.00223089687Search in Google Scholar

5. A. S. Bodzin and R. W. Busuttil, Hepatocellular carcinoma: Advances in diagnosis, management, and long term outcome, World J. Hepatol. 7 (2015) 1157-1167; DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i9.1157.10.4254/wjh.v7.i9.1157443849126019732Search in Google Scholar

6. P. Loria, A. Lonardo, L. Carulli, A. M. Verrone, M. Ricchi, S. Lombardini, A. Rudilosso, S. Ballestri and N. Carulli, Review article: the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 22 (Suppl 2) (2005) 31-36; DOI: APT2592.Search in Google Scholar

7. D. Papandreou and E. Andreou, Role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An updated narrative review, World J. Hepatol. 7 (2015) 575-582; DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.575.10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.575438118025848481Search in Google Scholar

8. C. P. Day and O. F. James, Steatohepatitis: a tale of two “hits”?, Gastroenterology 114 (1998) 842-845; DOI: S0016508598003564.Search in Google Scholar

9. P. Angulo, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (2002) 1221-1231; DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMra011775.10.1056/NEJMra01177511961152Search in Google Scholar

10. A. Takaki, D. Kawai and K. Yamamoto, Multiple hits, including oxidative stress, as pathogenesis and treatment target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14 (2013) 20704-20728; DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020704.10.3390/ijms141020704382163924132155Search in Google Scholar

11. H. Tilg and A. R. Moschen, Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis, Hepatology 52 (2010) 1836-1846; DOI: 10.1002/hep.24001.10.1002/hep.2400121038418Search in Google Scholar

12. W. Tomeno, M. Yoneda, K. Imajo, Y. Ogawa, T. Kessoku, S. Saito, Y. Eguchi and A. Nakajima, Emerging drugs for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs 18 (2013) 279-290; DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2013.811232.10.1517/14728214.2013.81123223848366Search in Google Scholar

13. Y. Takahashi, K. Sugimoto, H. Inui and T. Fukusato, Current pharmacological therapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, World J. Gastroenterol. 21 (2015) 3777-3785; DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3777.10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3777438552525852263Search in Google Scholar

14. S. R. Pyper, N. Viswakarma, S. Yu and J. K. Reddy, PPARalpha: energy combustion, hypolipidemia, inflammation and cancer, Nucl. Recept. Signal. 8 (2010) e002; DOI: 10.1621/nrs.08002.10.1621/nrs.08002285826620414453Search in Google Scholar

15. K. S. Kilgore and A. N. Billin, PPARbeta/delta ligands as modulators of the inflammatory response, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 9 (2008) 463-469.Search in Google Scholar

16. S. J. Bensinger and P. Tontonoz, Integration of metabolism and inflammation by lipid-activated nuclear receptors, Nature 454 (2008) 470-477; DOI: 10.1038/nature07202.10.1038/nature0720218650918Search in Google Scholar

17. L. Zeng, W. J. Tang, J. J. Yin and B. J. Zhou, Signal transductions and nonalcoholic fatty liver: a mini-review, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 7 (2014) 1624-1631.Search in Google Scholar

18. L. Michalik, J. Auwerx, J. P. Berger, V. K. Chatterjee, C. K. Glass, F. J. Gonzalez, P. A. Grimaldi, T. Kadowaki, M. A. Lazar, S. O’Rahilly, C. N. A. Palmer, J. Plutzky, J. K. Reddy, B. M. Spiegelman, B.Staels and W. Wahli, International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (2006) 726-741; DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.4.5 58/4/726 [pii ].10.1124/pr.58.4.517132851Search in Google Scholar

19. D. Usuda and T. Kanda, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors for hypertension, World J. Cardiol. 6 (2014) 744-754; DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.744.10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.744416370325228953Search in Google Scholar

20. V. T. Samuel and G. I. Shulman, Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links, Cell 148 (2012) 852-871; DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017.10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017329442022385956Search in Google Scholar

21. F. Kim, M. Pham, E. Maloney, N. O. Rizzo, G. J. Morton, B. E. Wisse, E. A. Kirk, A. Chait and M. W. Schwartz, Vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and reduced nitric oxide production precede the onset of peripheral insulin resistance, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (2008) 1982-1988; DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.169722.10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.169722257757518772497Search in Google Scholar

22. S. H. Caldwell, E. E. Hespenheide, J. A. Redick, J. C. Iezzoni, E. H. Battle and B. L. Sheppard, A pilot study of a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96 (2001) 519-525; DOI: S0002-9270(00)02346-7.10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03553.x11232700Search in Google Scholar

23. E. Frohlich and R. Wahl, Chemotherapy and chemoprevention by thiazolidinediones, Biomed. Res. Int. 2015 (2015) Article ID 845340; DOI: 10.1155/2015/845340.10.1155/2015/845340438343825866814Search in Google Scholar

24. H. B. Bhatt and R. J. Smith, Fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus, Hepatobil. Surg. Nutr. 4 (2015) 101-108; DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.01.03.Search in Google Scholar

25. M. O. Rakoski, A. G. Singal, M. A. Rogers and H. Conjeevaram, Meta-analysis: insulin sensitizers for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 32 (2010) 1211-1221; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04467.x.10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04467.x20955440Search in Google Scholar

26. A. S. Laganá, S. G. Vitale, A. Nigro, V. Sofo, F. M. Salmeri, P. Rossetti, A. M. C. Rapisarda, S. La Vignera, R. A. Condorelli, G. Rizzo and M. Buscema, Pleiotropic Actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in dysregulated metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and cancer: Current evidence and future perspectives, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17 (2016) Article ID 999 (10 pp); DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070999.10.3390/ijms17070999496437527347932Search in Google Scholar

27. C. Ning, L. Liu, G. Lv, Y. Yang, Y. Zhang, R. Yu, Y. Wang and J. Zhu, Lipid metabolism and inflammation modulated by vitamin D in liver of diabetic rats, Lipids Health Dis. 14 (2015) Article ID 31 (9 pages); DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0030-5.10.1186/s12944-015-0030-5440621925899686Search in Google Scholar

28. G. Sabio, M. Das, A. Mora, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Jun, H. J. Ko, T. Barrett, J. K. Kim and R. J. Davis, A stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance, Science 322 (2008) 1539- 1543; DOI: 10.1126/science.1160794.10.1126/science.1160794264302619056984Search in Google Scholar

29. J. H. Peng, T. Cui, Z. L. Sun, F. Huang, L. Chen, L. Xu, Q. Feng and Y. Y. Hu, Effects of Puerariae radix extract on endotoxin receptors and TNF-alpha expression induced by gut-derived endotoxin in chronic alcoholic liver injury, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012 (2012) Article ID 234987; DOI: 10.1155/2012/234987.10.1155/2012/234987348552023133491Search in Google Scholar

30. Y. Ma, M. Gao, H. Sun and D. Liu, Interleukin-6 gene transfer reverses body weight gain and fatty liver in obese mice, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1852 (2015) 1001-1011; DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.017.10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.01725660446Search in Google Scholar

31. G. Paredes-Turrubiarte, A. González-Chavez, R. Pérez-Tamayo, B. Y. Salazar-Vázquez, V. S. Hernández, N. Garibay-Nieto, J. M. Fragoso and G. Escobedo, Severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with high systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and low serum interleukin 10 in morbidly obese patients, Clin. Exp. Med. 16 (2016) 193-201; DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0347-4.10.1007/s10238-015-0347-425894568Search in Google Scholar

32. X. Lin, Z. Zhang, J. M. Chen, Y. Y. Xu, H. R. Ye, J. Cui, Y. Fang, Y. Jin, D. R. Zhu and L. Yuan, Role of APN and TNF-alpha in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (2015) 2940-2946; DOI: 10.4238/2015.April.10.1.10.4238/2015.April.10.125966055Search in Google Scholar

33. Q. Lv, Q. Zhen, L. Liu, R. Gao, S. Yang, H. Zhou, R. Goswami and Q. Li, AMP-kinase pathway is involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced lipid accumulation in human hepatoma cells, Life Sci. 131 (2015) 23-29; DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.003.10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.00325817233Search in Google Scholar

34. C. Wang, G. Zhou and Z. Zeng, Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta on sepsis induced acute lung injury, Chin. Med. J. 127 (2014) 2129-2137.Search in Google Scholar

35. L. M. Jiménez-Flores, S. López-Briones, M. H. Macías-Cervantes, J. Ramírez-Emiliano and V. Pérez-Vázquez, A PPARy, NF-kB and AMPK-dependent mechanism may be involved in the beneficial effects of curcumin in the diabetic db/db mice liver, Molecules 19 (2014) 8289-8302; DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068289.10.3390/molecules19068289627162024945581Search in Google Scholar

36. Y. Shiomi, T. Yamauchi, M. Iwabu, M. Okada-Iwabu, R. Nakayama, Y. Orikawa, Y. Yoshioka, K. Tanaka, K. Ueki and T. Kadowaki, A novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha agonist and PPARgamma antagonist, Z-551, ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice, J. Biol. Chem. 290 (2015) Article ID 14567-81; DOI: jbc.M114.622191.Search in Google Scholar

37. K. L. Lannan, J. Sahler, N. Kim, S. L. Spinelli, S. B. Maggirwar, O. Garraud, F. Cognasse, N. Blumberg and R. P. Phipps, Breaking the mold: transcription factors in the anucleate platelet and platelet- derived microparticles, Front. Immunol. 6 (2015) Article ID 48; DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00048.10.3389/fimmu.2015.00048432762125762994Search in Google Scholar

38. M. Capanni, F. Calella, M. R. Biagini, S. Genise, L. Raimondi, G. Bedogni, G. Svegliati-Baroni, F. Sofi, S. Milani, R. Abbate, C. Surrenti and A. Casini, Prolonged n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation ameliorates hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot study, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 23 (2006) 1143-1151; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02885.x.10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02885.x16611275Search in Google Scholar

39. L. Li, L. Chen, X. Lin, Y. Xu, J. Ren, J. Fu and Y. Qiu, Effect of oleoylethanolamide on diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats, J. Pharmacol. Sci. 127 (2015) 244-250; DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.001.10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.00125837920Search in Google Scholar

40. N. Zhang, Y. Lu, X. Shen, Y. Bao, J. Cheng, L. Chen, B. Li and Q. Zhang, Fenofibrate treatment attenuated chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice, Pharmacology 95 (2015) 173-180; DOI: 10.1159/000380952.10.1159/00038095225896720Search in Google Scholar

41. P. Patel and H. Barkate, Comparison of efficacy and safety of choline fenofibrate (fenofibric acid) to micronized fenofibrate in patients of mixed dyslipidemia: A randomized, open-label, multicenter clinical trial in Indian population, Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 20 (2016) 67-71; DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.172243.10.4103/2230-8210.172243474338726904471Search in Google Scholar

42. S. M. El-Haggar and T. M. Mostafa, Comparative clinical study between the effect of fenofibrate alone and its combination with pentoxifylline on biochemical parameters and liver stiffness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatol. Int. 9 (2015) 471-479; DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9633-1.10.1007/s12072-015-9633-125956613Search in Google Scholar

43. T. Kopf, H. L. Schaefer, M. Troetzmueller, H. Koefeler, M. Broenstrup, T. Konovalova and G. Schmitz, Influence of fenofibrate treatment on triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and fatty acids in fructose fed rats, PLOS ONE 9 (2014) e106849; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106849.10.1371/journal.pone.0106849415781125198467Search in Google Scholar

44. R. L. Attridge, C. R. Frei, L. Ryan, J. Koeller and W. D. Linn, Fenofibrate-associated nephrotoxicity: a review of current evidence, Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 70 (2013) 1219-1225; DOI: 10.2146/ajhp120131.10.2146/ajhp12013123820458Search in Google Scholar

45. X. M. Xin, M. X. Zhong, G. L. Yang, Y. Peng, Y. L. Zhang and W. Zhu, GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, upregulates adipokine expression in preadipocytes and HepG2 cells, World J. Gastroenterol. 20 (2014) 15727-15735; DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15727.10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15727422953725400456Search in Google Scholar

46. K. Chehaibi, L. Cedo, J. Metso, X. Palomer, D. Santos, H. Quesada, M. Naceur Slimane, W. Wahli. J. Julve, M. Vazquez-Carrera, M. Jauhiainen, F. Blanco-Vaca and J. C. Escola-Gil, PPAR-beta/delta activation promotes phospholipid transfer protein expression, Biochem. Pharmacol. 94 (2015) 101-108; DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.016.10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.01625662586Search in Google Scholar

47. L. Salvado, E. Barroso, A. M. Gomez-Foix, X. Palomer, L. Michalik, W. Wahli and M. Vazquez- Carrera, PPARbeta/delta prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, Diabetologia 57 (2014) 2126-2135; DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3331-8.10.1007/s00125-014-3331-825063273Search in Google Scholar

48. Y. M. Attia, E. F. Elalkamy, O. A. Hammam, S. S. Mahmoud and A. S. El-Khatib, Telmisartan, an AT1 receptor blocker and a PPAR gamma activator, alleviates liver fibrosis induced experimentally by Schistosoma mansoni infection, Parasit. Vectors 6 (2013) Article ID 199; DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-199.10.1186/1756-3305-6-199373392823829789Search in Google Scholar

49. T. Izumi, F. Tsuruta, T. Ishizuka, K. Nakamura, M. Kothuma and M. Takahashi, Stereoselectivity in pharmacokinetics of rivoglitazone, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, in rats and monkeys: model-based pharmacokinetic analysis and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approach, J. Pharm. Sci. 102 (2013) 3174-3188; DOI: 10.1002/jps.23586.10.1002/jps.2358623686684Search in Google Scholar

50. R. L. Koffarnus, K. A. Wargo and H. M. Phillippe, Rivoglitazone: a new thiazolidinedione for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ann. Pharmacother. 47 (2013) 877-885; DOI: 10.1345/aph.1R754.10.1345/aph.1R75423632280Search in Google Scholar

51. B. Staels, A. Rubenstrunk, B. Noel, G. Rigou, P. Delataille, L. J. Millatt, M. Baron, A. Lucas, A. Tailleux, D. W. Hum, V. Ratziu, B. Cariou and R. Hanf, Hepatoprotective effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist, GFT505, in rodent models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatology 58 (2013) 1941-1952; DOI: 10.1002/hep.26461.10.1002/hep.2646123703580Search in Google Scholar

52. R. Hanf, L. J. Millatt, B. Cariou, B. Noel, G. Rigou, P. Delataille, V. Daix, D. W. Hum and B. Staels, The dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist GFT505 exerts anti-diabetic effects in db/db mice without peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-associated adverse cardiac effects, Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 11 (2014) 440-447; DOI: 10.1177/1479164114548027.10.1177/147916411454802725212694Search in Google Scholar

53. X. Zhao, J. Xue, X. L. Wang, Y. Zhang, M. Deng and M. L. Xie, Involvement of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma in the therapeutic effect of osthole on high-fat and high-sucrose-induced steatohepatitis in rats, Int. Immunopharmacol. 22 (2014) 176-181; DOI: 10.1016/j. intimp.2014.06.032.Search in Google Scholar

54. M. Bhaswant, H. Poudyal and L. Brown, Mechanisms of enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity with n-3 unsaturated fatty acids, J. Nutr. Biochem. 26 (2015) 571-584; DOI: S0955-2863(15)00030-3.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.00125841249Search in Google Scholar

55. T. D. Filippatos and M. S. Elisaf, Safety considerations with fenofibrate/simvastatin combination, Expert Opin. Drug Safety 14 (2015) 1481-1493; DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1056778.10.1517/14740338.2015.105677826134595Search in Google Scholar

56. G. Derosa and P. Maffioli, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk, Curr. Mol. Pharmacol. 5 (2012) 272-281; DOI: EPub-Abstract-CMP-51.10.2174/187446721120502027222122457Search in Google Scholar

57. K. Wallenius, A. Kjellstedt, P. Thalén, L. Löfgren and N. D. Oakes, The PPARα/γ agonist, tesaglitazar, improves insulin mediated switching of tissue glucose and free fatty acid utilization in vivo in the obese zucker rat, PPAR Res. 2013 (2013) Article ID 305347 (14 pages); DOI: 10.1155/2013/305347.10.1155/2013/305347382632624285952Search in Google Scholar

58. F. Gilardi, M. Giudici, N. Mitro, O. Maschi, U. Guerrini, G. Rando, A. Maggi, G. Cermenati, A. Laghezza, F. Loiodice, G. Pochetti, A. Lavecchia, D. Caruso, E. De Fabiani, K. Bamberg and M. Crestani, LT175 is a novel PPARalpha/gamma ligand with potent insulin-sensitizing effects and reduced adipogenic properties, J. Biol. Chem. 289 (2014) 6908-6920; DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.506394.10.1074/jbc.M113.506394394535224451380Search in Google Scholar

59. L. S. Mackenzie and L. Lione, Harnessing the benefits of PPARbeta/delta agonists, Life Sci. 93 (2013) 963-967; DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.022. 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.02224184294Search in Google Scholar

60. H. J. Gim, H. Li, J. H. Jeong, S. J. Lee, M. K. Sung, M. Y. Song, B. H. Park, S. J. Oh, J. H. Ryu and R. Jeon, Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acids as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/δ agonists, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23 (2015) 3322-3336; DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.046.10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.04625982078Search in Google Scholar

61. G. Gupta, G. Krishna, D. K. Chellappan, K. S. Gubbiyappa, M. Candasamy and K. Dua, Protective effect of pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 393 (2014) 223-228; DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2064-9.10.1007/s11010-014-2064-924771068Search in Google Scholar

62. A. M. Lincoff, J. C. Tardif, G. G. Schwartz, S. J. Nicholls, L. Ryden, B. Neal, K. Malmberg, H. Wedel, J. B. Buse, R. R. Henry, A. Weichert, R. Cannata, A. Svensson, D. Volz and D. E. Grobbee, Effect of aleglitazar on cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the AleCardio randomized clinical trial, JAMA 311 (2014) 1515-1525; DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.3321.10.1001/jama.2014.332124682069Search in Google Scholar

63. X. C. Bao, Y. Q. Fang, P. You, S. Zhang and J. Ma, Protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta against pulmonary oxygen toxicity mediated through changes in NOS expression levels, Exp. Lung Res. 40 (2014) 105-116; DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.879497.10.3109/01902148.2013.87949724624894Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1846-9558
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Pharmacy, other