Stem Cell Therapies in Peripheral Vascular Diseases — Current Status

Peripheral artery diseases include all arterial diseases with the exception of coronary and aortic involvement, more specifically diseases of the extracranial carotids, upper limb arteries, mesenteric and renal vessels, and last but not least, lower limb arteries. Mononuclear stem cells, harvested from various sites (bone marrow, peripheral blood, mesenchymal cells, adipose-derived stem cells) have been studied as a treatment option for alleviating symptoms in peripheral artery disease, as potential stimulators for therapeutic angiogenesis, thus improving vascularization of the ischemic tissue. The aim of this manuscript was to review current medical literature on a novel treatment method — cell therapy, in patients with various peripheral vascular diseases, including carotid, renal, mesenteric artery disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, as well as upper and lower limb artery disease.