<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The financial crisis has drawn attention to the importance of the population’s financial literacy. I am investigating assessment methodologies to evaluate financial literacy both from the point of view of macroeconomics and microeconomics in my study. I am of the opinion that the elaboration of the financial competency model based on international database is the solution that can lead to the determination of conditions of financial awareness by collectively investigating financial education, core competencies, and the psychological role of money. I surveyed the financial knowledgeability of Hungarian high school students with the help of field research after assessing the OECD and PISA findings. I received very different results of knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes by school type, gender, age-group, and family background, which might support the assessment of financial literacy indicators, the evaluation of results, and international comparisons.</abstract>

Components of Financial Literacy of Young People

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study attempts to determine the influence of Entrepreneurship Education (EEd) on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Katsina State, Nigeria. The study is guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the nature of entrepreneurial education being acquired by the students to determine the extent of influence of the acquired education on the students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and to determine the extent of influence of the acquired education on student’s entrepreneurial mindset. Secondary and primary sources were used in generating data for the study. Using stratified and random sampling techniques, data was generated by means of a structured questionnaire administered to 400 students across the three universities in the State. Descriptive statistics as well as simple regression was used in analysing the data collected from the respondents. Findings revealed that students fairly agreed that they have acquired education in major areas of entrepreneurship encompassing creativity, innovation, and venture creation and that EEd has a significantly positive influence on their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial mindset. The study recommends that university managements should devise means of an adequate follow-up of their graduates to ensure the translation of their entrepreneurial intentions into venture creation, while entrepreneurship education lecturers should pay special attention to the area of venture creation as the students do not seem to be very optimistic in their ability to translate business opportunities into business projects/ventures.</abstract>

The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Katsina State, Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This paper presents a discussion on the theoretical and conceptual framework on issues relating to access to financial services. The discussion begins by providing details of various theories that underpin the demand and supply side of access to financial services. The supply dimension of access to financial services is guided by the information asymmetry theory and the transaction cost theory, while the key demand dimension theories are the delegated monitoring theory and the rational choice theory. In the later sections, a conceptual framework was developed for the empirical evaluation of access to financial services and its impact on productivity with particular reference to farmers in emerging economies. The last section provides the concluding remarks, which recommends the use of empirical analyses to access factors influencing access and the impact of the access to farmers’ productivity.</abstract>

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Access to Financial Services by Farmers in Emerging Economies: Implication for Empirical Analysis

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study examines the impact of bank capital and operating efficiency on the Nigerian deposit money bank financial performance with a view to resolving risk-based and non-risk-based capitals’ dichotomy existing in the bank literature. Using bank-specific data obtained from the annual reports and accounts of 15 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015, the panel data regression analyses revealed the superiority of standard capital ratio of equity-to-total-assets, a non-risk-based capital, over other measures. While all measures, both risk-based and non-risk-based capitals, showed significantly positive effects on bank performance as measured by return-on-asset, mixed results were obtained from other indicators: return-on-equity and net-interest-margin. Overall, only equity-to-total-assets influenced all adopted performance indicators positively. It was also found that operating efficiency measured by cost-to-income ratio had negative impact on bank performance, but on the average it appeared too high. Thus, incorporating the standard capital ratio of equity-to-total assets into regulatory regime by the banks’ regulator is recommended to ensure its relevance is not overshadowed.</abstract>

Bank Capital, Operating Efficiency, and Corporate Performance in Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Research has shown that ATMs provide an extremely useful service to customers but the machine is characterized by several service quality inadequacies, and at times it can be very frustrating to use. Consequently, this study investigated socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions as determinants of ATM usage in Lagos State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data from bank customers who use ATM and the data were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM) and multiple regression. The results from the analyses reveal that socio-demographic factors, such as age, education, and income, influence ATM usage, while gender and occupation do not influence ATM usage. The study also revealed that all the service quality dimensions identified in the study have a significant positive influence on ATM usage. When the joint effect of socio-demographic factors and service quality dimensions on ATM usage was assessed, it was found that service quality had a greater influence on ATM usage than socio-demographic factors.</abstract>

Department of Economics and Business Studies

Determinants of Automated Teller Machine Usage in Lagos State, Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The present study aims to analyse successful projects of the Romanian Rural Development Funds from different perspectives based on a county level. The framework of the analysis focuses on two periods: one before the accession, the 2002–2006 period of SAPARD applications, and the other one, the first period of the Rural Development Programme, more specifically, the period between 2007 and 2013. Results show that there is a positive correlation between applications and targeted areas based on infrastructure, tourism, and agriculture indicators. Findings also highlight that there is a positive correlation between the number of previous applications (SAPARD applications before the accession) and the grant size of current applications. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between the grant size of previous applications and the size of current applications. Cluster analysis revealed important social changes: on the one hand, the western counties of Romania (Bihor, Arad, Timiş, and Cluj) have strengthened their position, while other counties are lagging behind.</abstract>

Analysis of Accessing Rural Development Funds

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