[[1.] Pusztai L., Foerk Ernő műemlékvédelmi munkásságáról. [On the Monument Preservation Works of Ernő Foerk] in Pusztai L., Hadik A. Az O.M.F. Magyar Építészeti Múzeumának kiállítása Foerk Ernő (1868-1934) építész műveiből. [The Exhibition of the National Inspectorate of Monuments about the Works of Ernő Foerk (1868-1934) Architect] Budapest: O.M.F., 1984. 14.]Search in Google Scholar
[[2.] Kovács, G. The History of the Summer Survey of the Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School – in the Mirror of Collection Resources, Ybl Yournal of Built Environment 7(2019) 2.10.2478/jbe-2019-0007]Search in Google Scholar
[[3.] MMA MÉM MDK, Diary of Ernő Foerk, 71.]Search in Google Scholar
[[4.] In the late 17th century, Jakob Tollius copied certain inscriptions in the mosque of Érsekújvár (today Nové Zámky, Slovakia), and in the 19th century, Josef Hammer-Purgstall copied, translated and published some inscriptions from the Suleiman Djami at Szigetvár, both of which remain in situ. Ottoman architectural remains, such as the Hamam of Valide Sultana in Eger and the Djami of Malkoç Bey in Siklós aroused the interest of Flóris Rómer. See: Gerő, Gy. The History of Ottoman-Turkish Archaeological research in Hungary, In Archaeology of the Ottoman Period in Hungary, eds. Ibolya Gerelyes, Gyöngyi Kovács, Budapest: Hungarian National Museum, 2003; Hammer-Purgstall, J. ‘tudósítása a’ pécsi főtemplomban található keleti felírásokról [Report on the Oriental Excavation in the Main Church of Pécs]’, Magyar Academiai Értesítő, 4 (1844) 2, 55-63.]Search in Google Scholar
[[5.] A non. Török épületmaradványok hazánkban, [Turkish Building Fragments in our Country], Vasárnapi Ujság 2 (1855) 11, 85-86., Sudár, B. Dzsámik és mecsetek a hódolt Magyarországon. [Djamis and Mosques in the Ottoman Hungary] Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Történettudományi Intézet, 2014. 30.]Search in Google Scholar
[[6.] Linzbauer, F. X. Führer Seiner Majestat Sultan Abdul Aziz Khan bei Besichtigung der Türkischen Baudenkmäler in Ofen [Guide of the Turkish Monuments in Pest for His Majesty Sultan Abdul Aziz Han], Pest, 1867.; Némethy, L. Török mecsetek Budán. [Turkish Mosques in Buda] Budapest, 1878.]Search in Google Scholar
[[7.] Gerecze, P. Magyarország műemlékei [Monuments of Hungary], Vol 2. Budapest: Hornyánszky, 1906.]Search in Google Scholar
[[8.] Besides the fact that many researches and monographies were made on the Ottoman buildings in Hungary, the next summaries, which directly follows the work of Foerk and contain both survey drawings and archival researches were published in the 1970s-1980 by the Turkish scholar, Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi and his colleagues, (See: Ayverdi, E. H., Avrupa’da Osmanlı Mimârî Eserleri. Romanya, Macaristan I. [Ottoman Architectural Monuments in Europe. Romania, Hungary I.], İstanbul: İstanbul Fetih Cemiyeti, 1977.) and on the Hungarian side, by Győző Gerő and József Molnár. (Molnár, J.A török világ emlékei Magyarországon. Budapest: Corvina, 1976.; Gerő, Gy.. Az oszmán-török építészet Magyarországon. (Dzsámik, türbék, fürdők). Művészettörténeti füzetek 12. kötet. Budapest, 1980.)]Search in Google Scholar
[[9.] Foerk, E. Török emlékek Magyarországban. [Turkish Relics in Hungary] In: A Magyar Királyi Állami Felső Építő Ipariskola Szünidei Felvételei 1912-1942. Reprint kiadás. [The Vacation Records of Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School 1912-1942. Reprint Edition.], Budapest, TERC, 2002. 1.]Search in Google Scholar
[[10.] O láh, P. „A török és a magyar turanizmus kapcsolata a 20. század első felében.” [The Relationship of the Turkish and Hungarian Turanism in the First Half of the 20th Century], Keletkutatás, 2012 spring.;Ablonczy, B. Keletre, magyar! A magyar turanizmus története. [To East, Hungarian! The History of Hungarian Turanism. Budapest: Jaffa, 2016.]Search in Google Scholar
[[11.] The architects working within the ideology of Turanism used Eastern, Central Asian, sometimes Islamic motifs on their works, as we can see on the Museum of Applied Arts designed by Ödön Lechner and Gyula Pártos in Budapest, between 1891-1896, the plans of Historical Hall by Ignác Alpár designed for the Millennial Exhibition competition in 1893. The ‘Hungarian Scientific Institution of Constantinople’ (Konstantinápolyi Magyar Tudományos Intézet) organised scientific, historical research of Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, art history and archaeology, purchasing scholarships for researchers to work in Constantinople. One of the most significant persons who researched at the Institution was the architect Károly Kós (1883-1977), who carried out research not only on the Byzantine and Ottoman architectural heritage of Constantinople but also on the history of its urban development and housing; in this aspect, he emphasised the importance of its preservation. See: Akyürek, G., A Comparative Reading of the Pursuit into the ’East’ for National Expression in Turkish and Hungarian Architecture. In Thirteenth International Congress of Turkish Art, eds.: Ibolya Gerelyes and Géza Dávid, Budapest: Hungarian National Museum, 2009. pp. 59-60.; Kós, K. İstanbul. Şehir Tarihi ve Mimarisi. [Istanbul. Urban History and Architecture]. İstanbul: Yeditepe, 2017.]Search in Google Scholar
[[12.] In Hungarian: 1916. aug. 25. 56.154 VI. B. Körrendelet. A Keleti Kultur-Központ feladata s a magyar iskolákban elhelyezett török ifjak neveléséről. See: the Yearbook of the Academy in the years 1916/17. 65.]Search in Google Scholar
[[13.] S choditsch, L. A Budapesti M. Kir. Állami Felső Építőipariskola Értesítője az 1917/18. iskolai évről. Huszadik Év. [The Report of the Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School about the 1917/17 Academic Year. Twentieth Year.] Budapest, 1918. 12-13.]Search in Google Scholar
[[14.] Archives of Budapest University of Technology and Economics, BMEL_EPK_K-17_Szemih_Rusztem, 1918. See: Gümüş, M. D. A Turkish Architect at Technical University of Budapest: Semih Rüstem. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 46, 1. (2015): 39.10.3311/PPar.8205]Search in Google Scholar
[[15.] Semih Rüstem (1898-1946), the important link of the Turkish-Hungarian architectural relations of the early 20th century, has started his education at the first institute for architectural education in the Ottoman Empire: at Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi (Fine Arts Academy) in Istanbul, after that travelled to Budapest with the support of Turanian Association. He was firstly studied at Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial Schoolaccording to the yearbooks, and participated the survey program - he draw the türbe of Gül Baba in Buda, and the tombstones of Temesvár. In 1918, he continued his education in Royal Joseph Polytechnicum as his course book reports. After returning to Istanbul, between 1929-1933 he worked as freelance architect. As an example, he designed the Adana Slaughterhouse Project and used modernist influenced forms and Ottoman Revivalism, with elements from his experiences of Budapest. The same time, he was instructor at “İstanbul Fine Arts Academy”- as it can be read from his letters wrote to Ernő Foerk. His letters, which he wrote to Ernő Foerk in 1923, were signed in two languages, French and Hungarian, as: Sémihe Rustéme Séfay, Architecte, Professeur, École Imperiale D’Arts et Métiers /Szemih Rusztem Szefai, Építész, Török Császári Felső Építő Ipariskolai Tanár (Semih Rüstem Sefai, Turkish Imperial Higher Construction Trade Academy Instructor). In 1933, Semih Rüstem was appointed to the Ankara Development /Housing Directorate as director. In this position he was an important figure of the Early Republican era of the Turkish Architecture. During the period called the Second National Architectural Movement (Turkish: İkinci Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı), Rüstem worked in the construction of the new republic capital, Ankara, according to the urban plan of German architect, Herman Jansen. In this function, he travelled once more to Hungary: to Szeged, as an article in 1933 reports. Then he described the contemporary development process of the new capital and also remembers to his education in Hungary. See: Magyar, L. Szemih Rüsztem utja a magyar müegyetemtől Ankara közmunkatanácsának igazgatói állásáig [The Way of Semih Rüstem from the Hungarian Polytechnicum until the Director Chair of the Ankara Public Work Directorate]. Délmagyarország, Volume 9 (23rd June 1933), No 140, 4.;Gümüş, M. D. A Turkish Architect at Technical University of Budapest: Semih Rüstem. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 46, 1. (2015): 38-45. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.8205;Aslanoğlu, İ. Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı (1923-1938). [The Architecture of the Early Republican Period (1923-1938).] İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat, (1980) 2010.; Bozdoğan, S. Modernizm ve Ulusun İnşası. Erken Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde Mimari Kültür. [Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic]. İstanbul: Metis, 2012. The letters of Semih Rüstem wrote in 27th April 1923 can be found in MMA MÉM MDK.]Search in Google Scholar
[[16.] 26th September 1917: Belgrade, 29th September 1917: Üszküb (Skopje), 1st October 1917: Mitrovica, 6th October 1917: Decsán, 7th October 1917: Gyakova (Gjakovë). 9th October 1917: Prizren, 16th October 1917: Szkutari (Skodra), 17th October 1917: Vorra, 20th October 1917: Tirana, 23th October 1917: Skodra, 25th October 1917: Szarajevo (Sarajevo), 27th October 1917: Budapest.]Search in Google Scholar
[[17.] Foerk E. Foerk Ernő építész, a Felső Építő Ipariskola tanára jelentése. [Report of Architect Foerk Ernő, the Lecturer of the Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School]. MMA MÉM MDK]Search in Google Scholar
[[18.] Foerk E. Balkáni levelek.[Balkan Letters]. Budapest: Korvin Testvérek, 1918. [MMA MÉM MDK]]Search in Google Scholar
[[19.] Vukoszávlyev, Z.Foerk Ernő szerb-ortodox templom-tipológiája. [The Serbian Orthodox Church Typology of Ernő Foerk]. Presented on the Symposium organised for the 150th Anniversary of the birth of Ernő Foerk at Szent István University Miklós Ybl Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 20th November 2019]Search in Google Scholar
[[20.] The Yearbook has mentioned them as ‘Achmet Hikmet török főkonzul Ő Exellentiája és Abdul Latif török főpap’ [His Excellency Achmet Hikmet Turkish Consul General and Abdul Latif Turkish ‘Pontifical’] who were ‘excessively interested in the situation of the Turkish youths’. See: Schoditsch, L. A Budapesti M. Kir. Állami Felső Építőipariskola Értesítője az 1917/18. iskolai évről. Huszadik Év. [The Report of the Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School about the 1917/17 Academic Year. Twentieth Year.] Budapest, 1918. 8.]Search in Google Scholar
[[21.] MMA MÉM MDK Archives, Diary of Ernő Foerk, 73.]Search in Google Scholar
[[22.] A cun, H., Türk Kültüründe Taşlar [Stones in the Turkish Culture], Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları 2014. 16.]Search in Google Scholar
[[23.] Foerk, E. Török emlékek Magyarországban. [Turkish Relics in Hungary] In: A Magyar Királyi Állami Felső Építő Ipariskola Szünidei Felvételei 1912-1942. Reprint kiadás. [The Vacation Records Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School 1912-1942. Reprint Edition.], Budapest, TERC, 2002. 1.]Search in Google Scholar
[[24.] Foerk E. A magyar építőművészet rövid története: magyar műemlékek nyomán [The Brief History of the Hungarian Building Art upon Hungarian Monuments] Kecskemét, 1929.]Search in Google Scholar
[[25.] MMA MÉM MDK Archives, Diary of Ernő Foerk, 73.]Search in Google Scholar
[[26.] E.g. the rectangular planned, two floored brick building in Szigetvár was named as “ritual church”, however, according to the researches the original function was residential.]Search in Google Scholar
[[27.] Idris Baba belonged to the bektashi order of the dervishes according to the clarification of Balázs Sudár. Sudár, B. A pécsi Idrisz Baba-türbe. [The Türbe of Idris Baba in Pécs], Budapest: Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre, 2013. The identification of the building was made during the early 1900’s according to the records of Ibrahim Pechevi.]Search in Google Scholar
[[28.] The exact amount of the former memorial buildings is still an opened question. According to Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi, the number of kabrs and türbes are minimum 17. Balázs Sudár imparts 18 for the minimal number of türbes in the territory of Hungary.According to Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi the number of kabr and türbe buildings are at least 17, according to Balázs Sudár, there was at least 18 türbes in the territory of Hungary, however, this number can be also 22. Ayverdi, E. H., Avrupa’da Osmanlı Mimârî Eserleri. Romanya, Macaristan I. [Ottoman Architectural Monuments in Europe. Romania, Hungary I.], İstanbul: İstanbul Fetih Cemiyeti, 1977. 84.; Sudár, B. A pécsi Idrisz Baba-türbe. [The Türbe of Idris Baba in Pécs], Budapest: Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre, 2013. 39., 70-91.]Search in Google Scholar
[[29.] K uban, D. Osmanlı Mimarisi [Ottoman Architecture]. İstanbul: Yem, 2007.; Rabb P. ‘We are all servants here!’ Mimar Sinan – architect of the Ottoman Empire”, Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 44., 1. (2013), pp. 17-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.7444.10.3311/PPar.7444]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[[30.] Gerő, Gy. – Sándor, M. Pécs-Idrisz Baba türbe (Nyár utca 8.) Ásatás és épületfeltárás 1960. [Pécs, Türbe of Idris Baba (8. Nyár Street) Excavation and Building Survey 1960.], Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre Plan Archive. Reg. no.: 05461;]Search in Google Scholar
[[31.] Ferenczy, K. Idrisz Baba türbe. Műemlékhelyreállítás műszaki dokumentációja. [Türbe of Idris Baba. The Technical Documentation of the Monument Preservation], (Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség, 1961.) Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre Plan Archive. Reg. no.: 09349.]Search in Google Scholar
[[32.] The important aim of the new restoration projects is to avoid all the which damages its constructions, to arrange its environment and also to answer some detailed questions which are related to architectural details (e.g. arrangement of interior, covering of floor, construction of the covering of dome, the question of the alem, the size of the windows and parapets, and the question of entrance).]Search in Google Scholar
[[33.] Hajdú, V. – Prakfalvi, E. ed. Lapis Angularis II, Budapest: OMvH Magyar Építészeti Múzeum [Hungarian Architectural Museum], 1998. 17-19.]Search in Google Scholar
[[34.] Foerk, E. Török emlékek Magyarországban. [Turkish Relics in Hungary] In: A Magyar Királyi Állami Felső Építő Ipariskola Szünidei Felvételei 1912-1942. Reprint kiadás. [The Vacation Records Hungarian Royal Public Higher Architectural Industrial School 1912-1942. Reprint Edition.], Budapest, TERC, 2002. 18-20. Between 1914 and 1915, excavations were carried out for the remains of Gül Baba; at the same time, the türbe of Gül Baba was also renovated by István Möller, although this internal and external renovation obliterated much of the detail from previous ages.]Search in Google Scholar
[[35.] S udár, B. A pécsi Idrisz Baba-türbe. [The Türbe of Idris Baba in Pécs], Budapest: Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre, 2013. 61.]Search in Google Scholar
[[36.] MMA MÉM MDK Archives 303/2]Search in Google Scholar
[[37.] S udár, B. A pécsi Idrisz Baba-türbe. [The Türbe of Idris Baba in Pécs], Budapest: Forster Gyula National Heritage and Asset Management Centre, 2013. 61.]Search in Google Scholar
[[38.] Sudár, B. A pécsi Idrisz Baba-türbe. [The Türbe of Idris Baba in Pécs], Budapest: Forster Gyula National Heritage and AssetManagement Centre, 2013. 61.]Search in Google Scholar
