Dimensionality of an urban transport system based on ISO 37120 indicators for the case of selected European cities
oraz | 18 gru 2019
O artykule
Data publikacji: 18 gru 2019
Zakres stron: 80 - 91
Otrzymano: 01 kwi 2019
Przyjęty: 30 wrz 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2019-0035
© 2019 Sławomira Hajduk, Lienite Litavniece, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Values of principal components coefficients
| PRINCIPAL | PRINCIPAL | PRINCIPAL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC_PT | 0.893311 | -0.078337 | -0.401026 |
| LC_PT | 0.204660 | -0.417999 | 0.757983 |
| PT_T | -0.441280 | -0.782018 | -0.239636 |
| PA | 0.465899 | 0.245224 | 0.702906 |
| BP | -0.290545 | 0.879273 | -0.100911 |
| TF | 0.933878 | -0.051766 | -0.277807 |
Basic statistics of urban transport indicators
| UNITS | SX | V | MIN | MAX | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kilometres/100,000 | 18.8981 | 29.3196 | 155.1454 | 0.00 | Koprivnica | 121.08 | Aalter | |
| kilometres/100,000 | 144.6369 | 190.6609 | 131.8204 | 1.5 | Zwolle | 670.9 | Kielce | |
| units/ capita | 218.3400 | 182.5537 | 83.6098 | 0.01 | Koprivnica | 636.5 | Porto | |
| units/ capita | 0.4481 | 0.1211 | 27.0277 | 0.28 | Amsterdam | 0.68 | Sintra | |
| kilometres/100,000 | 72.9881 | 81.7551 | 112.0115 | 0.00 | Aalter | 226.74 | Koprivnica | |
| units/ 100,000 | 3.5494 | 6.9976 | 197.1513 | 0.00 | Koprivnica | 29.61 | Aalter | |
Main differences between traditional and sustainable transport
| FEATURES | TRADITIONAL TRANSPORT | SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT |
|---|---|---|
| Main aim | traffic | people |
| Primary objectives | traffic flow and speed | accessibility, economic viability, social equity, health and environmental quality |
| General approach | infrastructure focus | an integrated set of actions to achieve cost-effective solutions |
| Planning period | short- and medium-term | long-term vision |
| Scope of activity | administrative area | functional area |
| Approach to participation | only by an expert | involving of all stakeholders |
| Evaluation | limited impact assessment | regular monitoring |
Values of shared volatility resources
| PRINCIPAL | PRINCIPAL | PRINCIPAL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC_PT | 0.798004 | 0.804141 | 0.964963 |
| LC_PT | 0.041886 | 0.216609 | 0.791148 |
| PT_T | 0.194728 | 0.806280 | 0.863706 |
| PA | 0.217062 | 0.277197 | 0.771274 |
| BP | 0.084416 | 0.857537 | 0.867720 |
| TF | 0.872128 | 0.874808 | 0.951985 |
Eigenvalues of the correlation matrix
| VALUE NUMBER | EIGENVALUES | VARIANCE [%] | CUMULATIVE | CUMULATIVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.208224 | 36.80374 | 2.208224 | 36.8037 |
| 2 | 1.628348 | 27.13913 | 3.836572 | 63.9429 |
| 3 | 1.374224 | 22.90373 | 5.210796 | 86.8466 |
| 4 | 0.486512 | 8.10853 | 5.697308 | 94.9551 |
| 5 | 0.242702 | 4.04503 | 5.940010 | 99.0002 |
| 6 | 0.059990 | 0.99983 | 6.000000 | 100.0000 |
Analysed variables for European cities
| HC_PT | LC_PT | PT_T | PA | BP | TF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM | 14.42 | 26.26 | 265.04 | 0.28 | 76.31 | 1.48 | |
| EI | 0.89 | 52.1 | 190.01 | 0.62 | 204.64 | 3.14 | |
| HE | 11.51 | 114.41 | 64.88 | 0.49 | 222 | 2.29 | |
| RO | 13.4 | 16.05 | 248 | 0.34 | 102.19 | 1.62 | |
| TH | 3.63 | 22.84 | 111 | 0.35 | 85.24 | 1.55 | |
| ZW | 46.5 | 1.5 | 56 | 0.41 | 129 | 2 | |
| LO | 14.31 | 45.1 | 490.17 | 0.3 | 5.86 | 1.57 | |
| KO | 0 | 25.91 | 0.01 | 0.38 | 226.74 | 0 | |
| ZA | 3.29 | 200.12 | 343.08 | 0.37 | 31.64 | 2.53 | |
| AA | 121.08 | 133 | 27.55 | 0.53 | 0 | 29.61 | |
| GD | 4.44 | 97.83 | 240 | 0.54 | 22.61 | 0.4 | |
| KI | 11.63 | 670.9 | 177.23 | 0.48 | 25.8 | 3.03 | |
| BA | 15.89 | 58.16 | 441.86 | 0.48 | 6.51 | 1.36 | |
| VA | 14.43 | 58.72 | 158.45 | 0.59 | 21.09 | 2.27 | |
| PO | 18.85 | 289.12 | 636.5 | 0.33 | 6.95 | 1.85 | |
| SI | 8.1 | 502.17 | 43.66 | 0.68 | 1.23 | 2.09 |
Profit of selected European cities
| CITY | COUNTRY | TOTAL CITY POPULATION | CITY LAND AREA | POPULATION DENSITY | CITY GROSS OPERATING BUDGET | CITY’S UNEMPLOYMENT RATE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units | persons | km2 | persons /km2 | million USD | % | ||
| AM | Netherlands | 834 713 | 164.66 | 5 065.0 | 11 372.8 | 7.6 | |
| EI | Netherlands | 224 788 | 88.84 | 2 530.3 | 85 334.8 | 8.3 | |
| HE | Netherlands | 87 406 | 45.53 | 1 944.0 | 439.8 | 8.6 | |
| RO | Netherlands | 618 357 | 208.88 | 2 959.0 | 4 467.5 | 12.6 | |
| TH | Netherlands | 519 988 | 98.13 | 5 299.0 | - | 8.8 | |
| ZW | Netherlands | 124 896 | 119.3 | 1 046.0 | 543.8 | 7.0 | |
| LO | United Kingdom | 8 538 700 | 1 572.00 | 5 341.7 | 18 571.3 | 7.2 | |
| KO | Croatia | 30 872 | 90.94 | 339.0 | 15.6 | 10.4 | |
| ZA | Croatia | 790 017 | 641.32 | 1 232.5 | 1 112.3 | 9.6 | |
| AA | Belgium | 20 218 | 81.92 | 247.0 | - | 3.3 | |
| GD | Poland | 247 478 | 135.00 | 1 831.0 | - | 4.9 | |
| KI | Poland | 197 704 | 110.00 | 1 797.3 | 242.1 | 7.7 | |
| BA | Spain | 1 611 822 | 102 16 | 15 777.4 | 3 217.5 | 17.0 | |
| VA | Spain | 787 266 | 137.48 | 5 849.2 | 896.2 | 21.7 | |
| PO | Portugal | 214 329 | 41.42 | 5 180.5 | 351.1 | 17.6 | |
| SI | Portugal | 382 521 | 319.23 | 1 198.3 | 127.1 | 6.3 |