Lipid-based systems as a promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs

1. J. M. Custodio, C. Y. Wu and L. Z. Benet, Predicting drug disposition, absorption/elimination/ transporter interplay and the role of food on drug absorption, Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 60 (2008) 717-733; DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.043.10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.043Search in Google Scholar

2. A. Chaudhary, U. Nagaich, N. Gulati, V. K. Sharma and R. L. Khosa, Enhancement of solubilization and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by physical and chemical modifications: A recent review, J. Adv. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2 (2012) 32-67.Search in Google Scholar

3. K. Kohli, S. Chopra, D. Dhar, S. Arora and R. K. Khar, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an approach to enhance oral bioavailability, Drug Discov. Today 15 (2010) 958-965; DOI: 10.1016/ j.drudis.2010.08.007.Search in Google Scholar

4. Y. Kawabata, K. Wada, M. Nakatani, S. Yamada and S. Onoue, Formulation design for poorly water-soluble drugs based on biopharmaceutics classification system: Basic approaches and practical applications, Int. J. Pharm. 420 (2011) 1-10; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.032.10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.032Search in Google Scholar

5. T. Loftsson, E. M. Brewater and M. Masson, Role of cyclodextrins in improving oral drug delivery, Am. J. Drug Deliv. 2 (2004) 261-275; DOI: 10.2165/00137696-200402040-00006.10.2165/00137696-200402040-00006Search in Google Scholar

6. S. B. Murdandea and M. J. Gumkowskia, Development of a self-emulsifying formulation that reduces the food effect for torcetrapib: An overview, Int. J. Pharm. 51 (2008) 15-22; DOI: 10. 1016/j.ijpharm.2007.09.015.Search in Google Scholar

7. J. Parul, A. Geeta and K. Amanpreet, Bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs by SMEDDS: A review, J. Drug Deliv. Ther. 3 (2013) 98-109.Search in Google Scholar

8. S. Saroy, D. A. Baby and M. Sabitha, Current trends in lipid based delivery systems and its applications in drug delivery, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 5 (2012) 4-9.Search in Google Scholar

9. H. J. C. Porter, L. N. Trevaskis and W. N. Charman, Lipids and lipid-based formulations: optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 6 (2007) 231-248; DOI: 10. 1038/nrd2197.10.1038/nrd2197Search in Google Scholar

10. B. K. Nanjwade, D. J. Patel, R. A. Udhani and F. V. Manvi, Function of lipids for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, Sci. Pharm. 79 (2011) 705-727; DOI: 10.3797/ scipharm.1105-09.10.3797/scipharm.1105-09Search in Google Scholar

11. W. C. Pouton and J. H. C. Porter, Formulation of lipid-based delivery systems for oral administration: Materials, methods and strategies, Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 60 (2008) 625-637; DOI: 10. 1016/j.addr.2007.10.010.10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.010Search in Google Scholar

12. W. C. Pouton, Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: Physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 29 (2006) 278-287; DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.04.016.10.1016/j.ejps.2006.04.016Search in Google Scholar

13. V. Jannin, J. Musakhanian and D. Marchaud, Approaches for the development of solid and semi-solid lipid-based formulations, Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 60 (2008) 734-746; DOI: 10.1016/j. addr.2007.09.006.Search in Google Scholar

14. B. V. Rajesh, T. K. Reddy, G. Srikanth, V. Mallikarjun and P. Nivethithai, Lipid based self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for poorly water-soluble drugs: A review, J. Glob. Pharma Technol. 2 (2010) 47-55.Search in Google Scholar

15. R. N. Gupta, R. Gupta and R. G. Singh, Enhancement of oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs from self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 1 (2009) 10-18.Search in Google Scholar

16. K. Mohsin, A. A. Shahba and F. K. Alanazi, Lipid based self-emulsifying formulations for poorly water soluble drugs- an excellent opportunity, Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res. 46 (2012) 88-96.Search in Google Scholar

17. P. Gao and W. Morozowich, Development of supersaturatable self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulation for improving the oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs, Expert Opin. Drug Del. 3 (2006) 97-110; DOI: 10.1517/17425247.3.1.97.10.1517/17425247.3.1.97Search in Google Scholar

18. B. D. Tarr and S. H. Yalkowsky, Enhanced intestinal absorption of cyclosporine in rats through the reduction of emulsion droplet size, Pharm. Res. 6 (1989), 40-43; DOI: 10.1023/A:10158435 17762.Search in Google Scholar

19. B. Singh, S. Bandopadhyay, R. Kapil, R. Singh and O. Katare, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): Formulation development, characterization, and applications, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug 26 (2009) 427-521.Search in Google Scholar

20. J. H. Lin, W. Chen and J. King, The effect of dosage form on oral absorption of L-365, 260, a potent CCK receptor antagonist in dogs, Pharm. Res. 8 (1991) 272.Search in Google Scholar

21. M. J. Groves and D. A. Degalindez, The self-emulsifying action of mixed surfactants in oil, Acta Pharm. Suec. 13 (1976) 361-372.Search in Google Scholar

22. S. M. Khoo, A. J. Humberstone, C. J. H. Porter, G. A. Edwards and W. N. Charman, Formulation design and bioavailability assessment of lipidic self-emulsifying formulations of halofantrine, Int. J. Pharm. 167 (1998) 155-164; DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00054-4.10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00054-4Search in Google Scholar

23. K. J. Palin and C. G. Wilson, The effect of different oils on the absorption of probucol in the rat, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36 (1984) 641-643; DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04919.Search in Google Scholar

24. J. Rao and D. J. McClements, Formation of flavor oil microemulsions, nanoemulsions and emulsions: influence of composition and preparation method, J. Agric. Food Chem. 59 (2011) 5026-5035; DOI: 10.1021/jf200094m.10.1021/jf200094m21410259Search in Google Scholar

25. M. Stuchlik and S. @ák, Lipid-based vehicle for oral drug delivery, Biomed. Pap. 145 (2001) 17-26.10.5507/bp.2001.008Search in Google Scholar

26. P. Constantinides, Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects, Pharm. Res. 12 (1995) 1561-1572; DOI: 10.1023/A: 1016268311867.Search in Google Scholar

27. M. Kimura, M. Shizuki, K. Miyoshi, T. Sakai, H. Hidaka, H. Takamura and T. Matoba, Relationship between the molecular structures and emulsification properties of edible oils, Biosci. Biotech. Bioch. 58 (1994) 1258-1261; DOI: 10.1271/bbb.58.1258. 10.1271/bbb.58.1258Search in Google Scholar

28. M. Grovea and A. Mullertzb, Bioavailability of seocalcitol II: development and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral administration containing medium and long chain triglycerides, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 28 (2006) 233-234; DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.02.005.10.1016/j.ejps.2006.02.005Search in Google Scholar

29. C. J. Porter, A. M. Kaukonen and B. J. Boyd, Susceptibility to lipase-mediated digestion reduces the oral bioavailability of danazol after administration as a medium-chain lipid-based microemulsion formulation, Pharm. Res. 8 (2004) 1405-1412; DOI: 10.1023/B:PHAM.0000036914.22132.cc.10.1023/B:PHAM.0000036914.22132.ccSearch in Google Scholar

30. H. N. Prajapati, M. D. Dalrymple and T. M. A. Serajuddin, A comparative evaluation of mono-, di- and triglyceride of medium chain fatty acids by lipid/surfactant/water phase diagram, solubility determination and dispersion testing for application in pharmaceutical dosage form development, Pharm. Res. 29 (2012) 285-305; DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0541-3.10.1007/s11095-011-0541-3Search in Google Scholar

31. K. Bolko, A. Zvonar and M. Ga{perlin, Mixed lipid phase SMEDDS as an innovative approach to enhance resveratrol solubility, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2013, in press; DOI: 10.3109/03639045. 2012.749888.Search in Google Scholar

32. P. P. Constantinides and J. P. Scalart, Formulation and physical characterization of water-in-oil microemulsions containing long- versus medium-chain glycerides, Int. J. Pharm. 158 (1997) 57-68; DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00248-2.10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00248-2Search in Google Scholar

33. D. M. Small, Surface and bulk interactions of lipids and water with a classification of biologically active lipids based on these interactions, Fed. Proc. 29 (1970) 1320-1326.Search in Google Scholar

34. W. C. Pouton, Properties and uses of common formulation lipids, surfactants and cosolvents, in AAPS, Workshop, March 2007.Search in Google Scholar

35. N. H. Shah, M. T. Carvajal, C. I. Patel, M. H. Infeld and A. W. Malick, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) with polyglycolized glycerides for improving in vitro dissolution and oral absorption of lipophilic drugs, Int. J. Pharm. 106 (1994) 15-23.10.1016/0378-5173(94)90271-2Search in Google Scholar

36. Pharmaceutical Excipients, Product Reference Quick Guide, Gattefosse, Version VIII, April 2012; http://www.drug-dev.com/Media/MarketPlaceMedia/2012%20GUSA%20PHARMA%20EXCIPIENT %20GUIDE%204.16.12.pdf; access date December 12, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

37. J. B. Cannon, Strategies to formulate lipid-based drug delivery systems, Am. Pharm. Rev. 14 (2011) 4.Search in Google Scholar

38. A. Zvonar, M. Ga{perlin and J. Kristl, Samo(mikro)emulgirajo~i sistemi - alternativen pristop za izbol{anje biolo{ke uporabnosti lipofilnih u~inkovin = Self(micro)emulsifying systems - alternative approach for improving bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, Farm. Vestn. 59 (2008), 263-268.Search in Google Scholar

39. S. Charman, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation and biopharmaceutic evaluation of an investigational lipophilic compound, Pharm. Res. 9 (1992) 87-93; DOI: 10.1023/A: 1018987928936.Search in Google Scholar

40. R. Neslihan Gursoy and S. Benita, Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs, Biomed. Pharmacother. 58 (2004) 173-182; DOI: 10.1016/j. biopha.2004.02.001.Search in Google Scholar

41. E. S. Swenson, W. B. Milisen and W. Curatolo, Intestinal permeability enhancement: efficacy, acute local toxicity and reversibility, J. Pharm. Res. 11 (1994) 1132-1142; DOI: 10.1023/A:1018984731584.10.1023/A:1018984731584Search in Google Scholar

42. T. G. Mason, J. N. Wilking, K. Meleson, C. B. Chang and S. M. Graves, Nanoemulsions: formation, structure and physical properties, J. Phys-Condens. Mat. 18 (2006) 635-666; DOI: 10.1088/ 0953-8984/18/41/R01.Search in Google Scholar

43. H. D. Oh, H. J. Kang, W. D. Kim, J. B. Lee, O. J. Kim, S. C. Yong and G. H. Choi, Comparison of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (solid SMEDDS) prepared with hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid carrier, Int. J. Pharm. 420 (2011) 412-418; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011. Search in Google Scholar

44. K. B. Kang, J. S. Lee and S. K. Chon, Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of simvastatin in beagle dogs, Int. J.Pharm. 274 (2004) 65-73; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.028.10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.028Search in Google Scholar

45. S. Nazzal, I. SmalyukhI, O. D. Lavrentovich and M. A. Khan, Preparation and in vitro characterization of a eutectic based semisolid self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of ubiquinone: mechanism and progress of emulsion formation, Int. J. Pharm. 235 (2002) 247-65;DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00003-0.10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00003-0Search in Google Scholar

46. C. W. Pouton, Lipid formulations for oral administration of drugs: non-emulsifying, self-emulsifying and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 11 (2000) 93-98; DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0987(00)00167-6.10.1016/S0928-0987(00)00167-6Search in Google Scholar

47. N. Anton and T. F. Vandamme, Nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the critical differences, Pharm. Res. 28 (2011) 978-985; DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0309-1.10.1007/s11095-010-0309-1Search in Google Scholar

48. P. K. Suresh and S. Sharma, Formulation and in vitro characterization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of cinnarizine, Int. J. Compr. Pharm. 2011. ISSN 0976-8157.Search in Google Scholar

49. D. Ghai and V. R. Sinha, Nanoemulsions as self-emulsified drug delivery carriers for enhanced permeability of the poorly water-soluble selective b1-adrenoreceptor blocker Talinolol, Nanomed.- Nanotechnol. 8 (2012) 618-626; DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.015.10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.015Search in Google Scholar

50. S. Tenjarla, Microemulsions: an overview and pharmaceutical applications, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug. 16 (1999) 461-521.Search in Google Scholar

51. P. V. Chavda, Are SMEDDs and SNEDDs same? A gimmick or pharmaceutically relevant, Mintage J. Pharm. Med. Sci. 1 (2012) 7-10.Search in Google Scholar

52. D. J. McClements and J. Rao, Food-grade nanoemulsions: Formulation, fabrication, properties, performance, biological fate and potential toxicity, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 51 (2011) 285-330; DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.559558.10.1080/10408398.2011.559558Search in Google Scholar

53. A. Martin, Physical Pharmacy, 4th ed., Lea&Febriger, London 1993, pp.127-128.Search in Google Scholar

54. H. Araya, M. Tomita and M. Hayashi, The novel formulation design of O/W microemulsion for improving the gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water soluble compounds, Int. J. Pharm. 305 (2005) 61-74; DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2002.08.022.Search in Google Scholar

55. J. M. Lawrence, Microemulsions as drug delivery vehicles, Colloid Interface Sci. 1 (1996) 826-832; DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80087-2.10.1016/S1359-0294(96)80087-2Search in Google Scholar

56. P. Solans, J. Nolla and N. Azemar, Nanoemulsions, Curr. Opin. Colloid In. 10 (2005) 102-110; DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2005.06.004.10.1016/j.cocis.2005.06.004Search in Google Scholar

57. M. Antonietti and K. Landfester, Polyreactions in miniemulsions, Prog. Polym. Sci. 27 (2002) 689-757; DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00051-X.10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00051-XSearch in Google Scholar

58. T. Tadros, P. Izquierdo, J. Esquena and C. Solans, Formation and stability of nanoemulsions, Colloid Interface Sci. 108 (2004) 303-318; DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.023.10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.02315072948Search in Google Scholar

59. V. Sadtler, M. Rondon-Gonzales, A. Acrement, A. Choplin and E. Marie, PEO-covered nanoparticles by emulsion. Inversion point (EIP) method, Macromol. Rapid Comm. 31 (2010) 998-1002; DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900835.10.1002/marc.20090083521590849Search in Google Scholar

60. I. Sole, A. Maestro, C. Gonzales, C. Solans and J. M. Gutierrez, Optimization of nano-emulsion preparation by low-energy methods in an ionic surfactant system, Langmuir 22 (2006) 8326-8332; DOI: 10.1021/Ia0613676.Search in Google Scholar

61. P. Shah, D. Bhalodia and P. Shelat, Nanoemulsion: A pharmaceutical review, Syst. Rev. Pharm. 1 (2010) 24-32; DOI: 10.4103/0975-8453.59509.10.4103/0975-8453.59509Search in Google Scholar

62. E. Mohajeri and G. D. Noudeh, Effect of temperature on the critical micelle concentration and micellization thermodynamic of nonionic surfactants: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, E. J. Chem. 9 (2012) 2268-2274; DOI: 10.1155/2012/961739. 10.1155/2012/961739Search in Google Scholar