The Right to Know the Truth in the Light of the Right to Privacy: The Case of Victims of the Communist Regime in Europe

A, B and C v. Latvia [2016], ECHR, no. 30808/11.Search in Google Scholar

Aksu v. Turkey [2012], ECHR, nos. 4149/04 and 41029/04.Search in Google Scholar

Al Nashiri v. Poland [2015], ECHR, no. 28761/11.Search in Google Scholar

Amann v. Switzerland [2000], ECHR, no. 27798/95.Search in Google Scholar

Avram and others v. Moldova [2011], ECHR, no. 41588/05.Search in Google Scholar

Beiker K. & Gippenreiter Iu. B. (1995), ‘The impact of Stalinist repressions of the late 1930s on the lives of three generations of families,’ Russian Education & Society, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 52–89. https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-939337105210.2753/RES1060-9393371052Search in Google Scholar

Bensaid v. the United Kingdom [2001], ECHR, no. 44599/98.Search in Google Scholar

Burinskaitė, K. & Okuličiūtė, L. (2011), KGB slaptieji archyvai 1954–1991 m., Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras.Search in Google Scholar

Campagnano v. Italy [2006], ECHR, no. 77955/01.Search in Google Scholar

Caparini, M. (2014), ‘Comparing the democratization of intelligence governance in East Central Europe and the Balkans,’ Intelligence and National Security, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 498–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.91517510.1080/02684527.2014.915175Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Christine Goodwin v. the United Kingdom [2002], ECHR, no. 28957/95.Search in Google Scholar

Ciobanu, M. (2014), ‘Reconstructing the history of early Communism and armed resistance in Romania,’ Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1452–1481. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.95644010.1080/09668136.2014.956440Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ciubotaru v. Moldova [2010], ECHR, no. 27138/04.Search in Google Scholar

Commission on Human Rights (2006), Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: Study on the right to the truth, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Symbol E/CN.4/2006/91. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/CN.4/2006/91 [accessed 23 Sep 2017]Search in Google Scholar

Connelly, A. M. (1986), ‘Problems of interpretation of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights,’ International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 35, pp. 567–593. https://doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/35.3.56710.1093/iclqaj/35.3.567Search in Google Scholar

Costa and Pavan v. Italy [2012], ECHR, no. 54270/10.Search in Google Scholar

Costello-Roberts v. the United Kingdom [1993], ECHR, no. 13134/87.Search in Google Scholar

Couderc and Hachette Filipacchi Associés v. France [2015], ECHR, no. 40454/07.Search in Google Scholar

Council of Europe (2017a), ‘47 Member States.’ Retrieved from http://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/47-members-states [accessed 23 Sep 2017]Search in Google Scholar

Council of Europe (2017b), Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 005: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/005/signatures?p_auth=UEn4XKdj [accessed 23 Sep 2017]Search in Google Scholar

E.B. v. France [2008], ECHR, no. 43546/02.Search in Google Scholar

European Convention on Human Rights as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, Valstybės žinios, 2011, no. 156-7390.Search in Google Scholar

Evans v. the United Kingdom [2007], ECHR, no. 6339/05Search in Google Scholar

Fernández Martínez v. Spain [2014], ECHR [GC], no. 56030/07.Search in Google Scholar

Freeman, M. (2000-2002), ‘Transitional justice: fundamental goals and unavoidable complications,’ Manitoba Law Journal, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 113–121.Search in Google Scholar

Gailienė, D. (2008), Ką jie mums padarė: Lietuvos gyvenimas traumų psichologijos žvilgsniu, Vilnius: Tyto alba. Gaskin v. The United Kingdom [1989], ECHR, no. 10454/83.Search in Google Scholar

Gauck, J. (2000), Štazi bylos: kraupus VDR palikimas, transl. from German by Sigitas Asinauskas, Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras.Search in Google Scholar

Gillan and Quinton v. the United Kingdom [2010], ECHR, no. 4158/05.Search in Google Scholar

Glass v. the United Kingdom [2004], ECHR, no. 61827/00.Search in Google Scholar

Godelli v. Italy [2013], ECHR, no. 33783/09.Search in Google Scholar

Government Resolution no. 579 (2007), Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania no. 579, Valstybės žinios, 2007, no. 68-2667 as amended by Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania no. 6, Valstybės žinios, 2013, no. 4-105.Search in Google Scholar

Gough v. the United Kingdom [2015], ECHR, no. 49327/11.Search in Google Scholar

Gross v. Switzerland [2013], ECHR, no. 67810/10.Search in Google Scholar

Gruodytė, E. & Gervienė, S. (2015), ‘Access to archives in the post-Communist countries: the victim’s perspective,’ Baltic Journal of European Studies, vol. 5, no. 2 (19), pp. 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2015-001810.1515/bjes-2015-0018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Guerra and others v. Italy [1998], ECHR [GC], no. 14967/89. Haas v. Switzerland [2011], ECHR, no. 31322/07.Search in Google Scholar

Hamber, B. (2006), ‘Narrowing the micro and macro: a psychological perspective on reparations in societies in transition,’ in P. de Greiff (ed.) The Handbook of Reparations, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 560–588. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199291926.003.001710.1093/0199291926.003.0017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Horne, C. M. (2014), ‘Lustration, transitional justice, and social trust in post-Communist countries. Repairing or wresting the ties that bind?’ Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 225–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.88262010.1080/09668136.2014.882620Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

I. v. the United Kingdom [2002], ECHR, no. 25680/94.Search in Google Scholar

İhsan Ay v. Turkey [2014], ECHR, no. 34288/04.Search in Google Scholar

Katamidze, V. I. (2007), Loyal Comrades, Ruthless Killers: The Secret Services of the USSR 1917–1991, New York: Barnes & Noble.Search in Google Scholar

Kerikmäe, T.; Hamulak, O. & Chochia, A. (2016), ‘A historical study of contemporary human rights: deviation or extinction?’ Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 98−115. https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2016.2.0610.11590/abhps.2016.2.06Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kerikmäe, T. & Nyman-Metcalf, K. (2014), ‘The Europeanization of law curricula in Eastern Partnership countries: best practices of EU Member States,’ in N. Šišková (ed.) From Eastern Partnership to the Association. The Legal and Political Analysis, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 267−280.Search in Google Scholar

Kerikmäe, T. & Nyman-Metcalf, K. (2012), ‘Less is more or more is more? Revisiting universality of human rights,’ International and Comparative Law Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 35−51.Search in Google Scholar

Kestenberg, J. S. & Kahn, C. (1998), Children Surviving Persecution: An International Study of Trauma and Healing, Westport: Praeger Publishers.Search in Google Scholar

Koehler, J. O. (1999), Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police, Boulder: Westview Press.Search in Google Scholar

Khazanov, A. M. (2008), ‘Whom to mourn and whom to forget? (Re)constructing collective memory in contemporary Russia,’ Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 9, no. 2–3, pp. 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/1469076080209491710.1080/14690760802094917Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khmel v. Russia [2013], ECHR, no. 20383/04.Search in Google Scholar

Klass and others v. Germany [1978], ECHR, no. 5029/71.Search in Google Scholar

Koch v. Germany [2012], ECHR, no. 497/09.Search in Google Scholar

Küchl v. Austria [2013], ECHR, no. 51151/06.Search in Google Scholar

Kużelewska, E. (2005), ‘How far can citizens influence the decision-making process? Analysis of the effectiveness of referenda in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary in 1989–2015,’ Baltic Journal of European Studies, vol. 5, no. 2 (19), pp. 171–196. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2015-001910.1515/bjes-2015-0019Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Laduna v. Slovakia [2011], ECHR, no. 31827/02.Search in Google Scholar

Law on Lustration (1999), Lietuvos Respublikos asmenų, slapta bendradarbiavusių su buvusios SSRS specialiosiomis tarnybomis, registracijos, prisipažinimo, įskaitos ir prisipažinusiųjų apsaugos įstatymas [Republic of Lithuania Law on the Registration, Confession, Entering into Record of the Persons of the Republic of Lithuania Who Engaged Themselves in Secret Collaboration with the Former USSR Special Services and Protection of Those Who Confessed It], Valstybės žinios, 1999, no. 104-2976, as amended by TAR, 2015-07-03, no. 10826.Search in Google Scholar

Law on the State and Official Secrets (1999), Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės ir tarnybos paslapčių įstatymas [Republic of Lithuania Law on the State and Official Secrets], Valstybės žinios, 1999, no. 105-3019 as amended by TAR, 2015-11-27, no. 18923.Search in Google Scholar

Leander v. Sweden [1987], ECHR, no. 9248/81. Lillo-Stenberg and Sæther v. Norway [2014], ECHR, no. 13258/09.Search in Google Scholar

Lykes, M. B. & Mersky, M. (2006), ‘Reparations and mental health: psychosocial interventions towards healing, human agency, and rethreading social realities,’ in P. de Greiff (ed.) The Handbook of Reparations, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 589–622. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199291926.003.001810.1093/0199291926.003.0018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

M.G. v. The United Kingdom [2002], ECHR, no. 39393/98.Search in Google Scholar

M. and M. v. Croatia [2015], ECHR, no. 10161/13. Martin v. the United Kingdom [1996], the European Commission of Human Rights (First Chamber), no. 27533/95.Search in Google Scholar

McDonald v. the United Kingdom [2014], ECHR, no. 4241/1.Search in Google Scholar

Mertelsmann, O. & Rahi-Tamm, A. (2009), ‘Soviet mass violence in Estonia revisited,’ Journal of Genocide Research, vol. 11, no. 2–3, pp. 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/1462352090311900110.1080/14623520903119001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Mitroiu, S. (2016), ‘Recuperative memory in Romanian post-Communist society,’ Nationalities Papers, https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.118214410.1080/00905992.2016.1182144Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Munjaz v. the United Kingdom [2012], ECHR, no. 2913/06.Search in Google Scholar

Nada v. Switzerland [2012], ECHR, no. 10593/08.Search in Google Scholar

Niemietz v. Germany [1992], ECHR, no. 13710/88.Search in Google Scholar

Nyman-Metcalf, K. (2014), ‘The future of universality of rights,’ in T. Kerikmäe, (ed.) Protection of Human Rights in the EU: Controversies and Challenges of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38902-3_310.1007/978-3-642-38902-3_3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Odièvre v. France [2003], ECHR, no. 42326/98.Search in Google Scholar

Oleksandr Volkov v. Ukraine [2013], ECHR, no. 21722/11.Search in Google Scholar

Pope, K. S. (2012), ‘Psychological assessment of torture survivors: Essential steps, avoidable errors, and helpful resources,’ International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, vol. 35, pp. 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.09.01710.1016/j.ijlp.2012.09.01723040707Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pretty v. the United Kingdom [2002], ECHR, no. 2346/02.Search in Google Scholar

Reid, K. (2004), A Practitioner’s Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights, London: Thomson: Sweet & Maxwell.Search in Google Scholar

Reklos and Davourlis v. Greece [2009], ECHR, no. 1234/05.Search in Google Scholar

Roche v. the United Kingdom [2005], ECHR, no. 32555/96.Search in Google Scholar

Rotaru v. Romania [2000], ECHR [GC], no. 28341/95.Search in Google Scholar

Rothe v. Austria [2013], ECHR, no. 6490/07. S. and Marper v. the United Kingdom [2008], ECHR, nos. 30562/04 and 30566/04.Search in Google Scholar

Segerstedt-Wiberg and others v. Sweden [2006], ECHR, no. 62332/00.Search in Google Scholar

Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania Statute (1994), Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo statutas [Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania Statute], Valstybės žinios, 1994, no. 15-249, as amended by Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo statutas “Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo statuto Nr. I-399 67, 136, 170 ir 171 straipsnių pakeitimo” [the Republic of Lithuania Statute concerning the amendment of articles 67, 136, 170 and 171 the Republic of Lithuania Statute no. I-399], TAR, 2015, no. 20274.Search in Google Scholar

S.H. and others v. Austria [2011], ECHR, no. 57813/00.Search in Google Scholar

Skultans, V. (2001), ‘Arguing with the KGB Archives. Archival and Narrative Memory in Post-Soviet Latvia,’ Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 320–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014184012009512210.1080/00141840120095122Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ternovszky v. Hungary [2010], ECHR, no. 67545/09. Tysiąc v. Poland [2007], ECHR, no. 5410/03.Search in Google Scholar

Udovič, B. & Podgornik, A. (2016), ‘Cultural Diplomacy of Slavic European Union Member States: A Cross-country Analysis,’ Baltic Journal of European Studies, vol. 6, no. 2 (21), pp. 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2016-001510.1515/bjes-2016-0015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

UN General Assembly (2005), Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of 16 December 2005. Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx [accessed 27 Sep 2017]Search in Google Scholar

Uzun v. Germany [2010], ECHR, no. 35623/05.Search in Google Scholar

V.C. v. Slovakia [2011], ECHR, no. 18968/07.Search in Google Scholar

Van Kuck v. Germany [2003], ECHR, no. 35968/97.Search in Google Scholar

Verdery, K. (2013), ‘An Anthropologist in Communist Romania, 1973–1988,‘ Problems of Post-Communism, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 35–42. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-821660040510.2753/PPC1075-8216600405Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Von Hannover v. Germany (No. 2) [2012], ECHR, nos. 40660/08 and 60641/08.Search in Google Scholar