<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>During floristic research of acidic bogs, calcareous fens and seasonally flooded (periodically inundated) grassy places in beech forests in Semolj region, <italic>Eleocharis carniolica</italic> W. D. J. Koch was found, which was the first record of that species in vascular plant flora of Montenegro. In surrounding countries, this species was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Albania. This paper provides description of sites, habitat and ecology of <italic>Eleocharis carniolica</italic> W. D. J. Koch in Montenegro.</abstract>

<italic>Eleocharis Carniolica</italic> W. D. J. Koch, New Species in Flora of Montenegro

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The results of a phytosociological investigation of the <italic>Quercus coccifera</italic> L. stands occurring along the Adriatic and Ionian coasts in south Albania are given. The surveyed stands are localized in the Thermo-Mediterranean and Meso-Mediterranean belts. On the basis of literature and unpublished data, <italic>Q. coccifera</italic> stands extend from the shoreline up to 680 m of altitude, within the <italic>Quercetea ilicis</italic> vegetation zone. According to numerical analysis, <italic>Q. coccifera</italic> stands in south Albania can be divided into two broad groups forming macchia of 3–4 m height and low shrublands [0.5–1.5(-2) m)] defined primarily by degree of human pressure and altitudes. In addition, relevés from <italic>Q. coccifera</italic> stands in Albania were differentiated from Croatian and Montenegrin the <italic>Fraxino orni-Quercetum cocciferae</italic> associations. Conversely, <italic>Q. coccifera</italic> stands in south Albania share several biological and ecological similarities with those of the eastern Adriatic coast: hemicryptophytes prevailed and the chorological spectrum highlights a clear dominance of the steno-Mediterraneans. With respect to indicator values, an important differentiation from the eastern Adriatic associations was shown only in higher light intensity of the stands in Albania.</abstract>

Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, P.O. Box 83, HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia

Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia

“Antun Vrančić” Grammar School, Put Gimnazije 64, HR-22000 Šibenik, Croatia

A phytosociological analysis of the <italic>Quercus coccifera</italic> L. stands in south Albania (NE Mediterranean)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>In the alpine belt of the Julian Alps (glacial cirque Na Jezerih under Mt. Veliki Rokav, Jarečica, the Mangart Saddle and Prodi under Mt. Mangart as well as Mt. Plešivec in the rock wall of Loška Stena) we studied the phytosociology and ecology of snow-bed vegetation with dominating flowering plants <italic>Salix herbacea</italic>, <italic>Luzula alpinopilosa</italic>, <italic>Gnaphalium supinum</italic>, <italic>Soldanella pusilla</italic> and <italic>Salix retusa,</italic> and numerous moss species. Based on the comparison with similar snow-bed communities in the Central, Eastern and Southern Alps we described a new association <italic>Salicetum retuso-herbaceae</italic> and classified it into the alliance <italic>Salicion herbaceae</italic> and class <italic>Salicetea herbaceae</italic>. We determined several successional stages of snow-bed vegetation on mixed calcareous-silicate bedrock that we treat as variants, in two relevés also the initial association <italic>Polytrichetum sexangularis.</italic></abstract>

Snow-bed communities with dominant <italic>Salix herbacea</italic> in the Julian Alps

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>A new class and a new order (<italic>Drabo corymbosae-Papaveretea dahliani</italic> and <italic>Saxifrago oppositifoliae-Papaveretalia dahliani</italic>) have been described, and the <italic>Papaverion dahliani</italic> validated. This is vegetation of zonal habitats in lowlands of the High Arctic subzone A (or Arctic herb, cushion forb or polar desert subzone) and of ecologically equivalent sites at high altitudes on the mountain plateaus of the High Arctic. The new class spans three continents – North America (Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Greenland), Europe (parts of Svalbard and Franz Josef Land), and Asia, including northern regions of Chelyuskin Peninsula (Taymir Peninsula), Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and De Longa Islands.</abstract>

Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany.

Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø – Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.

Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popova Street, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Iluka Chair in Vegetation Science and Biogeography, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia. Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

The <italic>Drabo corymbosae-Papaveretea dahliani</italic> − a new vegetation class of the High Arctic polar deserts

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> The Atlas of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012) treats 179 butterfly species whose occurrence in Slovenia is confirmed, and 24 species for which only unconfirmed data exist. By the end of 2011, 212.936 distribution records by 167 contributing authors were collected for the Atlas. The Digital database of butterflies of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts was not considered in the process of collecting the data for the Atlas. This database contains 30.630 distribution records for butterfly species found in Slovenia from research projects undertaken by the Institute from 1995 to date. Given that this rich data source was not included in the Atlas, I here provide a supplement to the existing Atlas, reporting 1529 new records for 140 butterfly species. These updates provide new areas or range limits for 14 species, the presence of 71 species in areas the Atlas designated as “white spots”, new information on 3 species with very limited distribution in Slovenia, and additional corroboration for distribution of 27 species that the Atlas covered.</abstract>

SUPPLEMENTS TO THE ATLAS OF BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) OF SLOVENIA

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Flora of the southern part of Kosovo has previously been studied in a limited way due to the difficult terrain and the fact that up to the 1990s it was a military area. In this paper we report <italic>Galanthus elwesii</italic> Hook for the first time from Kosovo. This species is found in different habitats, mainly in siliceous substrate or wet meadows of the Dragash Municipality, South Kosovo. This species was collected in the Vraça Mountains, near Restelica, (part of National Park ‘Sharri’) on the road leading to the border with Macedonia. The study area consists of territories belonging to the phytogeographic system Skardon-Pindik (Sharri-Pindi) and includes the mountain ranges of Sharri. This research comprises the presence, description, spread and mapping of the species.</abstract>

<italic>Galanthus elwesii</italic> Hook (Amaryllidaceae) in the flora of Kosovo

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Ten new taxa of gymnosperms are added to the non-indigenous woody flora of Tunisia, after almost two decades of botanical surveys. Four of them (<italic>Cryptomeria japonica</italic>, <italic>Pinus brutia</italic> var. <italic>pityusa</italic>, <italic>Pseudotsuga menziesii</italic> var. <italic>glauca</italic>, <italic>Taxodium distichum</italic> var. <italic>distichum</italic>) are also new for the flora of North Africa. <italic>Pinus coulteri</italic> is here first reported for the Mediterranean Basin. Three genera (<italic>Cryptomeria</italic>, <italic>Pseudotsuga</italic> and <italic>Taxodium</italic>) are firstly recorded for the non-native vascular flora of Africa whereas two genera (<italic>Cedrus</italic> and <italic>Platycladus</italic>) are reported for the first time only for the woody flora of Tunisia. Brief descriptions together with filed photographs, global distributions and habitats at national scale are provided. Some taxonomic comments on their distinguishable features as well as updated keys are also presented.
</abstract>

New records of coniferous species (Gymnospermae, Pinidae) for the non-native woody flora of Tunisia and North Africa

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
<italic>Scutellaria rupestris</italic> subsp. <italic>cephalonica</italic> (Rech.f.) Greuter &amp; Burdet (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb endemic to Mounts Ainos and Roudi on the island of Cephalonia. Until now, information about the taxon’s distribution has been sketchy: two fairly localized populations on Mt. Ainos have been reported, one of them extinct, and two on Mt. Roudi, without specifics. Because we thought that the taxon is much more common, we designed a survey along contours encircling the two peaks totaling 80 km. We recorded 112 locations of the taxon. We found that <italic>S. rupestris</italic> subsp. <italic>cephalonica</italic> prefers sunny clearings within fir forest as well as crevices among limestone rock on somewhat flat terrain. On Mt. Roudi, the taxon grows above 800 m, and is rather uncommon. On Mt. Ainos, the taxon is quite common above 1100 m; below that altitude it has not been confirmed. The findings were more abundant on the NE slope of Mt. Ainos which is wetter and possibly cooler than the SW slope due to being shaded and more forested, less eroded, and with a deep organic layer. The main threat to the survival of the taxon is illegal grazing. The proposed Red List assessment according to IUCN is EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).
</abstract>

Distribution and conservation status of <italic>Scutellaria rupestris</italic> subsp. <italic>cephalonica</italic> (Rech.f.) Greuter &amp; Burdet

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The very early herbaceous vegetation which established in the clearings following 2018 ‘Vaia’ storm was investigated in some pre-Alpine areas of Northeast Italy, on calcareous as well as acidic substrata. Sixty-two original vegetation-plot records were executed in spruce or mixed beech-silver fir-spruce blowdown forests, within two years after the salvage logging had been completed. According to different origin and degree of soil disturbance, different communities were recognised. <italic>Galeopsis pubescens</italic> and <italic>G. tetrahit</italic> rich stands develop as ephemeral annual associations at the beginning of the regeneration succession where partially decomposed coniferous needles and twigs have accumulated in the litter. Soils with altered profiles due to forestry machineries harbour dominance of perennial herbaceous species (especially <italic>Senecio nemorensis</italic> agg., <italic>Atropa bella-donna</italic>, <italic>Epilobium angustifolium</italic>) which origin as many already recognised associations or vegetation types we ascribed to community level. All coenoses belong to <italic>Epilobietea angustifolii</italic> class, with the exception of <italic>Calamagrostis arundinacea</italic>-rich stands on undisturbed base-rich as well as base-poor soils, whose syntaxonomic positions are unclear.
</abstract>

The very early-succession herbaceous vegetation in the ‘Vaia’ windstorm clearings within the Italian southeastern pre-Alpine mountain belt (Veneto and Trentino)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
We conducted a comprehensive study on the diversity of <italic>Silene aucheriana</italic> Boiss. populations by analyzing both morphological data and nrDNA ITS sequences. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods on representative material from 15 populations throughout Iran demonstrated that they did not form a monophyletic group. Strong positive correlation occurred between epipetalous filaments length to claw (EFLC), basal leaf length (BLL), basal leaf width (BLW), and plant height (PLH) with elevation. While negative correlation achieved between anthophore length (AnL) with the average air temperature and rainfall. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that most morphological traits were more correlated to elevation than to average rainfall and temperature. Multivariate analysis of morphological traits with ITS analysis displayed a slight divergence between two types of regions based on their elevation.
</abstract>

Genetic diversity and morphological variability of Iranian <italic>Silene aucheriana</italic> populations inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences and morphological analysis

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The new Checklist of mosses (Bryophyta) of Slovenia within current political boundaries comprises 669 species, 6 subspecies and 18 varieties. Additional 13 species are denoted by a question mark since reports are considered questionable. An alphabetically arranged tabular presentation of genera, species and lower taxa, also shows their presence in particular phytogeographical units of Slovenia. The records from the periods before and after 1959 are marked with different symbols. Each species has also new Red List status in Slovenia. The checklist includes the data from literature and the Herbarium LJU. Annotations to selected species give a critical evaluation of the literature and herbarium data. A list of taxa that should be excluded from the flora of Slovenia and the synonyms used in the floristic literature for Slovenia are also added.
</abstract>

New Checklist and the Red list of the mosses (Bryophyta) of Slovenia

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The biological reserve of Sidi Boughaba has a unique plant biodiversity, with many animals, including birds, finding refuge there. Data on this biodiversity is old and incomplete. This phytosociological study was carried out to define the vegetation structure of the area. Stratified sampling was carried out and 124 relevés were recorded. Multivariate statistical analyses (correspondence factorial analysis and hierarchical ascending classification) used to process the relevés revealed the presence of 9 plant groups, including 4 plant associations and 5 subassociations, which belong to 3 phytosociological classes (<italic>Ammophiletea</italic>, <italic>Quercetea ilicis</italic> and <italic>Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae</italic>). <italic>Quercetea ilicis</italic> is the most widespread in the area, showing several successional stages on grey and consolidated dunes. Vegetation of <italic>Ammophiletea</italic> can only be found on mobile sand. Vegetation of the class <italic>Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae</italic> occupies an inter-dunar depression on hydromorphic soil. The association <italic>Pterido aquilinum-Populetum albae</italic> is newly described as five subassociations of <italic>Clematido cirrhosae-Juniperetum lyciae</italic>.
</abstract>

Phytosociological analysis of the Sidi Boughaba Biological Reserve, Kénitra, Morocco

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Disturbance by biomass removal is a crucial mechanism maintaining the diversity of Palaearctic grasslands, which are unique biodiversity hotspots. The century-long traditional land use of mowing, grazing and burning, has been fundamentally changed in many parts of the Palaearctic. Due to socio-economic changes, large areas of former pastures and meadows have been abandoned, leading to a succession towards secondary scrublands or forest and the encroachment of competitor grass species, all leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Here we report the causes and consequences of the cessation of traditional grassland management regimes, provide strategies for reducing the impact of abandonment and consider these from the perspective of sustainability. We consider the possibilities for initiating sustainable management regimes in the contemporary socio-economic environment, and discuss the prospects and limitation of alternative management regimes in the conservation of grassland biodiversity. These themes are also the core topics of this Special Feature, edited by the EDGG. We hope that this Special Feature will encourage steps towards more sustainable strategies for the conservation of Palaearctic grasslands and the integration of the sustainability perspective into their conservation.</abstract>

The challenge of abandonment for the sustainable management of Palaearctic natural and semi-natural grasslands

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in Slovenia</title>For the first time, an overview of plant communities in Slovenia is presented according to the Braun-Blanquet approach. In total 588 associations (and some communities classified into higher syntaxa) belonging to 51 classes have been registered in Slovenia. Additionally 149 syntaxa are mentioned as registered in the field or in, the literature, but not documented with relevé material. Syntaxonomical classification is based on the "EuroChecklist" and includes also the Slovenian written definition of the high-rank syntaxa.</abstract>

Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI - 1000 Ljubljana

University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI - 5000 Nova Gorica

Conspectus of Vegetation Syntaxa in Slovenia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Palaearctic grasslands encompass a diverse variety of habitats, many of high nature value and vulnerability. The main challenges are climate-change, land-use change, agricultural intensification and abandonment. Many measures are in place to address these challenges, through restoration and appropriate management, though more work is necessary. We present eight studies from China/Germany, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. The papers cover a wide range of grassland and steppe habitats and cover vegetation ecology, syntaxonomy and zoology. We also conducted a systematic search on steppe and grassland diversity. The greatest number of studies was from China, followed by Germany and England. We conclude that the amount of research being carried out on Eurasian grasslands is inadequate considering their high levels of biodiversity and vulnerability. We hope to encourage readers to address current major challenges, such as how to manage grasslands for the benefit of diverse taxa, to ensure that conservation initiatives concentrate on sites where there is good potential for success and for the generation of realistic and viable conservation strategies.</abstract>

MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland

Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644. 48080 Bilbao, Spain

Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August University. Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 2a), 00014, Finland

Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Finland

Ecology and Conservation of Steppes and Semi-Natural Grasslands

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Most semi-natural open habitats in Europe have been traditionally maintained by anthropogenic activities, such as grazing or mowing, preventing the establishment of woody vegetation. These habitats harbour a remarkably rich biodiversity in terms of both plant and animal species, but are also highly threatened, mainly by agricultural intensification and land abandonment. With this Editorial we introduce a Special Issue initiated by the European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) at the Open Landscapes Conference (Hildesheim, 2013) and the 11th European Dry Grassland Meeting (Kulikovo Pole, 2014). We aim to give a short introduction to the current conservation status, significance and research of semi-natural open habitats in Europe and present the collected articles of the Special Issue. These papers cover a wide range of different semi-natural open habitats, including wood-pastures, heathlands, steppes, semi-dry and dry grasslands across the Palearctic region and address issues related to the assessment methods, threats, management and restoration of these habitats. We conclude that, in order to ensure their conservation and to monitor the changes in open habitats, integrative approaches are needed that take into account not only vegetation records, but also multiple animal taxa, abiotic factors, management practices, ecosystem services and modelling simulations for anticipating possible future scenarios. We also recommend that decision-makers should support actions to conserve open habitats in Europe by addressing such major challenges as the encroachment of woody vegetation. We are convinced that the present Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem functions and support the biodiversity conservation and management of semi-natural open habitats.</abstract>

Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, UMR-CNRS 5553, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, marta

Universite Grenoble Alpes, LECA, Grenoble, France

Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Universitatsplatz 1, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany

MTA -DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sgr. 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary

Conservation Value, Management and Restoration of Europe’S Semi‑Natural Open Landscapes

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Based on floristic data and applied taxonomy there are currently 813 species and subspecies in Slovenia – 638 mosses, 173 liverworts and 2 hornworts. Based on the IUCN 3.1 criteria, which we applied to bryophytes following Hallingbäck et al. (1998), there are 164 species (20.17%) listed under threatened categories, of which 121 (18.97%) are mosses and 43 (24.57%) are liverworts; 7 of them (0.86%) are in the CR category, 83 (10.21%) in the EN category and 74 (9.10%) are listed under the VU category. There are 23 species (2.83%) in the near threatened (NT) category, while 163 species (20.05%) are data deficient (DD). The Least Concern (LC) category currently comprises 463 (56.95%) species.</abstract>

Updated Red List of bryophytes of Slovenia

<abstract xml:lang="en"><title style='display:none'>New Dry Grassland Associations from the Ausoni-Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy) - Syntaxonomical Updating and Discussion on the Higher Rank Syntaxa</title>A phytosociological study on the most extensive dry grassland communities of the coastal limestone massif of the Ausoni-Aurunci mountains (southern Latium, central Italy) is here presented. <italic>Violo pseudogracilis-Koelerietum splendentis</italic> ass. nova is restricted to the montane belt of the Aurunci mountains where it is dynamically related to the mesophilous <italic>Ostrya carpinifolia</italic> or <italic>Fagus sylvatica</italic> woodlands. <italic>Helichryso italici-Brometum erecti</italic> ass. nova is found within the upper hilly and submontane belt of both the Ausoni mountains (typical aspect) and the Aurunci mountains (subassociation <italic>saturejetosum montanae</italic>), where it is dynamically related with termophilous <italic>Ostrya carpinifolia</italic> woods and mesophilous <italic>Quercus ilex</italic> woods. <italic>Helichryso-Brometum</italic> is differentiated from <italic>Violo-Koelerietum</italic> in that it has a higher incidence of the steno-Mediterranean therophytic component. As far as the higher rank syntaxa are concerned, in this study the following changes were made in accordance with the rules of ICPN: the name <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti</italic> Biondi et al. 1995 was considered invalid due to the invalidity of its nomenclatural type <italic>Asperulo purpureae-Brometum erecti</italic>. In contrast, the validity of the old name <italic>Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti</italic> Bonin 1978 was demonstrated and its nomenclatural type, <italic>Lavandulo-Asphodelinetum luteae</italic> Bonin 1978, was lectotypified. Thus <italic>Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti</italic> Bonin 1978 henceforth substitutes <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromion erecti</italic> (nom. inval.) as the syntaxonomical reference for the endemic alliance of the hilly and montane limestone dry grasslands of the central and southern Apennines. <italic>Cytiso-Bromion</italic> is here divided into two suballiances: <italic>Sideritidenion italicae</italic> Biondi et al. 1995, <italic>Phleo ambigui-Bromenion erecti</italic> Biondi et al. ex Di Pietro suball. nov. <italic>Cytiso-Bromion</italic> belong to the new suborder <italic>Festuco circummediterraneae-Seslerienalia nitidae</italic> (Ubaldi 2003) stat. nov. and to the order <italic>Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti</italic> Ubaldi ex Mucina &amp; Dengler 2009. New and updated packages of characteristic and differential species for both <italic>Cytiso spinescenti-Bromion erecti</italic> and its related suballiances are proposed. Furthermore the validity of the name <italic>Astragaletum calabrici</italic> Giacomini &amp; Gentile ex Bonin 1978, was proved and the association lectotypified. This association, which was previously included in <italic>Cytiso-Bromion erecti</italic>, is moved into <italic>Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici</italic>. Finally some interesting coenological and syndynamical similarities with <italic>Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia</italic> western Dalmatia submediterranean dry pastures are discussed.</abstract>

New Dry Grassland Associations from the Ausoni-Aurunci Mountains (Central Italy) - Syntaxonomical Updating and Discussion on the Higher Rank Syntaxa

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Hacquetia

The Journal of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific Research Centre, Institute of Biology

 Hacquetia is a science journal bearing on Taxonomy, Floristics, Faunistic, Vegetation ecology, Biocoenology and Palynology. with a geographical focus on Southeastern Europe,...

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 Hacquetia is a science journal bearing on Taxonomy, Floristics, Faunistic, Vegetation ecology, Biocoenology and Palynology. with a...