<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Animal experiments are used on a large scale worldwide in order to develop or to refine new medicines, medicinal products or surgical procedures. It is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, this is why animal experimentation causes serious moral problems.We must realize that we have moral and legal obligations when dealing with animals in our care, and this should become our high priority before any experiment. We have to take responsibility for the life of the animals and we have to act honorably regarding this issue because we have been given a trust by society in general which is not to be taken lightly.There is an ongoing societal debate about ethical issues of animal use in science. This paper is addressed to current and future researchers and is an appeal for them to (re)consider their personal views concerning the issue under scrutiny and their responsibility in ensuring that results would make the sacrifice worthwhile.</abstract>

Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest

”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest

PhD candidate, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,

Faculty of medicine, University ”Ovidius” Constanţa

Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Departament, Emergency Hospital ”Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, Bucharest

Bioethics in animal experimentation

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Molar pregnancies results from a tainted fertilization process. Trophoblastic thyroidian hyper function is an unusual complication of a molar pregnancy. The degree of thyroid stimulation and the severity of clinical hyperthyroidism is directly proportional to HCG concentration. Human chorionic gonadotrophin is almost identical with TSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone, this analogy in the structure will cause cross-reactivity with their receptors. Hyperthyroid status can vary from asymptomatic hyper function to thyroid storm. Dilation and curettage represents the treatment for hyperthyroidism in molar pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important for diagnosis and treatment.</abstract>

Molar pregnancy and thyroid storm - literature review

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>This article presents an important topic in the field of dental medicine. Reconstruction of the contact point in the lateral interdental area is obtained using a large number of type techniques, with different materials and instruments. The centripetal build up technique involves the initial restoration of the proximal absent wall, thus transforming the second-class cavity into a first-class cavity, followed by it’s restoration. This technique provide a correct, appropriate contact point and an easy restoration of the occlusal morphology.</abstract>

The Centripetal Build-Up Technique for Restoration of Interdental Contact Points – Case Report

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Our study was conducted by the evaluation of angioCT’s performed on a GE LightSpeed VCT64 Slice CT Scanner. The measurements were performed on the aortic arch at the following levels: at the origin of the aorta, the middle part of the ascending aorta, prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk and after the origin of the left subclavian artery. We measured the caliber of the aortic arch arteries and the data are correlated and reported by gender. The diameter of the ascending aorta was between 27 to 28.9 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.6 mm. The diameter of the aorta within the middle segment of the ascending part was between 28-30.2 mm in females and in males from 26.1 to 34.6. The diameter of the aortic arch prior to the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was between 26.4 to 29.4 mm in females and in males from 25.8 to 37.5 mm. The diameter of the aortic arch after the origin of the left subclavian artery was in a range of 20.4 to 28.4 mm, which corresponds to the limits found in males while in females the aortic diameter was between 21.3 to 24.1 mm. The brachiocephalic trunk diameters were 8.3 to 15.5 mm in females and in males was 9.1 to 14.5 mm. The right common carotid artery had a diameter of 4-8 mm diameter in males and in females ranged from 4.7 to 5.5 mm. The right subclavian artery showed a caliber of 5.7 to 7.5 mm in females and in males from 5.9 to 10.1. The left common carotid artery diameter was 4.6 to 5.7 mm in females and males the diameter was between 5.2 to 7.4 mm. The left subclavian artery had a diameter of 6-10 mm in females and in males ranged from 7.7 to 12.8 mm. We found that the distance between the ascending part of the aorta and the descending segment ranged from 33.3 to 38.5 mm in females and in males from 40 to 68.6 mm. We measured the distance that exists at the crossing of the aortic arch with the left branch of the pulmonary trunk, finding that in females this distance is 3 to 10.3 mm and in males from 3 to 12.5 mm. </abstract>

Morphometry of the aortic arch and its branches

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The fiber dissection technique involves peeling away white matter fiber tracts of the brain to display its three-dimensional anatomic arrangement. The intricate three-dimensional configuration and structure of the internal capsule (IC) is not well defined. By using the fiber dissection technique, our aim was to expose and study the IC to achieve a clearer conception of its configuration and relationships with neighboring white matter fibers and central nuclei. The lateral and medial aspects of the temporal lobes of twenty, previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope using the fiber dissection technique.The details of the three-dimensional arrangement of the fibers within the IC were studied and a comprehensive understanding of their relations was achieved. The white matter fiber dissection provides an enhanced perspective of the intricate architecture of the internal structure of brain. This enhanced understanding of intrinsic brain anatomy, particularly of functional highly relevant fiber systems such as the internal capsule, is essential for performing modern neurosurgical procedures.</abstract>

University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, Tirgu Mures, Romania, Department of Anatomy

Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Department of Neurosurgery

Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Neurosurgery

The Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Internal Capsule of the Human Brain Demonstrated by Fiber Dissection Technique

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Dental abfraction is a pathological process which causes a loss of dental hard substance. Etiopathogenesis is related to occlusal stress that causes microfractures in enamel and dentin in the cervical region. The restoration treatment is made using aesthetic adhesive materials, but must take into account the causal factors and the specific area where the restoration is done.</abstract>

Department of Restorative dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, UMF “Carol Davila” Bucharest

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Elias Hospital

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, UMF “Carol Davila” Bucharest

Departament of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, UMF “Carol Davila”, Bucharest

Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, UMF Craiova

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, UMF “Carol Davila” Bucharest

Dental Abfraction - Case Report

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects 8-33% of individuals worldwide, independent of age or gender. Diagnosis relies on mucosal lesions or symptomatic discomfort, validated by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) response. Lyon Consensus categorizes diagnostic tests as supportive, refuting, or inconclusive. A retrospective cohort study on 78 pediatric subjects at the ‘Sfântul Ioan’ Galați Hospital (February 2018-October 2020) aimed to assess GER incidence and management principles. Data analyzed using SPSS v26 revealed urban predominance (66.7%) and varied age distribution (1 month to 18 years), with heartburn as a prevalent symptom. Treatment modalities included antacids, PPIs, H2RAs, and prokinetics. Symptom relief and therapeutic response guided management, with PPIs commonly administered. This study underscores the need for comprehensive GERD diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies in pediatric populations.
</abstract>

Choosing the Therapeutic Strategy in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Pediatric Patients: Is it a Challenge for Clinicians?

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This interview-based paper explores chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and fibromyalgia through an interview with Dr. Geir Bjørklund, a Norwegian researcher. Delving into shared symptoms and overlapping aspects of these enigmatic conditions, the conversation highlights Dr. Bjørklund’s work on metal sensitivity and its potential links to autoimmune factors in fibromyalgia. The interview further explores therapeutic possibilities, including natural compounds and nutritional interventions, discussed in the context of CFS/ME and fibromyalgia. The promising trajectory of pharmacognosy and personalized interventions is examined, showcasing the convergence of conventional and natural therapies; Dr. Bjørklund’s insights guide understanding and addressing these complex conditions, advocating personalized care. The dialogue concludes by expressing gratitude to him, anticipating its contribution to the evolving field of research and treatment, inspiring further investigations, and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by CFS/ME and fibromyalgia.
</abstract>

Complex Perspectives on CFS/ME and Fibromyalgia: An Interview with Dr. Geir Bjørklund

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Introduction: Addiction is a complex condition that can be caused by substance abuse or psychological disorders related to behaviors such as gambling, food, sex, or internet gaming. A person with addiction may experience problems in inhibiting impulsivity and delaying gratification.The term “internet addiction” was first used in 1995, and it can cause a loss of control, social isolation, problems in relationships and career. Internet Gaming Disorder is characterized by a repetitive and prolonged engagement in gaming that leads to a variety of cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including social withdrawal, sleep disturbances, and obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors. The physiological basis of addiction is related to the reward system in the brain, which releases dopamine in response to positive experiences. Individuals with addiction usually have problems with impulsivity and gratification, which are associated with changes in the frontal cortex. The epidemiology of internet addiction is still unclear, but it is associated with a range of personality traits.
Materials and methods: we studied PubMed database to find articles related to the subject of video game addiction in relation to obsessive-compulsive disorder, for the period 2013 - 2023. We have found a number of 17 studies, the search key being “video-games addiction - obsessive - compulsive disorders”. Also, we chose to present a case of 23-year-old male presented with psychomotor agitation, anxiety, lack of sleep, and gaming addiction (17hours/ day) in the emergency psychiatric service. The patient had no psychiatric history or chronic illnesses.
Results: The case highlights the impact of internet gaming addiction, particularly during the pandemic. The patient experienced symptoms of obsessive thoughts, social retraction, and psychotic symptoms, which are commonly associated with gaming addiction. Treatment with antipsychotic medication was effective in reducing symptoms. Further research is needed to understand the neurobiological mechanisms and risk factors associated with internet gaming addiction.
Conclussion: Addiction can stem from both substance abuse and psychological disorders, making it a complex issue. Internet gaming disorder is a specific form of addiction that involves prolonged and excessive gaming behavior. Despite ongoing debates about diagnostic criteria and a lack of population-based studies, it is clear that internet usage has dramatically increased. The case report presented in this context demonstrates the connection between addiction and mental illness, underscoring the importance of a comprehensive approach to addiction treatment that includes addressing underlying mental health concerns.
</abstract>

Virtual Addiction to Video Games: Debut of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder- Case Report and Short Review of the Literature

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This interview delves into the relationship between zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), featuring insights from Dr. Geir Bjørklund, MD, a Norwegian researcher. Collaborative studies conducted across diverse countries, including China, Slovenia, Romania, Russia, Brazil, and Egypt, consistently reveal altered Zn and Cu levels in individuals with ASD. These findings suggest a potential correlation between elevated Cu levels and increased severity of ASD symptoms. Dr. Bjørklund emphasizes the multifaceted dynamics of metallothioneins (MTs), essential proteins for metal binding and detoxification, and their potential association with Zn deficiency in ASD individuals. The interview illuminates the balance between Zn and Cu within the GABAergic system, implicating these trace elements in synaptic modulation and broader neurobiological functions. Future research directions proposed by Dr. Bjørklund encompass exploring multiple biological mediums for accurate trace element assessment, investigating interactions between different trace elements, and exploring factors influencing trace element levels in various tissues. The significance of Zn supplementation in treating ASD, the implications of MT dysfunction, and the importance of dual monitoring of Cu and Zn during therapy are thoroughly discussed. The conclusion expresses gratitude for Dr. Bjørklund’s invaluable contributions to comprehending the role of Zn and Cu in ASD, highlighting the global relevance of his research and the need for a comprehensive approach to understanding trace element dynamics in this complex neurodevelopmental disorder.
</abstract>

The Zinc-Copper Connection In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pioneering Work Of Dr. Geir Bjørklund

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Introduction: The axillary plexus block is one of the most used regional anesthesia techniques in upper limb surgery. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the advantages of using the technique with a single injection in the axillary block, a technique that was used in the Orthopedic Clinic of SCJU between 1.01.2016 and 31.05.2016.
Methods: The patients admitted to the study were those with ASA I-III in the number of 50 of which 35 were men and 15 women who underwent axillary brachial plexus block using the single injection technique with the help of the neurostimulator. All patients had surgical interventions in the region of the distal arm, elbow, forearm and hand.
The axillary block was performed with the nerve stimulator, using a 22g and 50mm needle, the puncture site used was above the artery where, after obtaining the motor response to the 0.5 mA impulse, Ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml was injected. Later we analyzed the installation time of the motor and sensory block, what success rate it had and the possible complications.
Results: The average motor block installation time was 21+/-1.3 min in the 35 patients. The motor block installation time was 19.2+/-1.5 min and the sensory block a was 16.19+/-1.1 min. block success rate was 91.5 percent. There were no recent or late complications.
Conclusions: Axillary plexus block using the single injection technique can be used with great benefits, few complications and low failure rate of the technique.
</abstract>

The Advantages of Employing Single Injection Technique in Axillary Block for Upper Limb Surgery Within Anesthetic Practice

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Welding processes generate significant occupational contaminants, including particulate matter, metal fumes, and gas by-products. Exposure to these fumes can lead to various health issues in welders. This article emphasizes the need for preventive measures to improve the health of welders and reduce the risks associated with welding.The study explores the impact of welding fumes on the respiratory system and occupational lung disease. It identifies the inhalation of welding fumes as a significant risk factor for lung disease, and the need for clear limitations on welding fume exposure. The research also highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying lung conditions caused by welding fumes. The study concludes by including 30 citations from several databases (Google Scholar, ResearchGate, MDPI and AcademiaEdu) to raise awareness and establish a scientific link between welding fumes and oral health and teeth structure. The inhalation of welding fumes can significantly impact the respiratory system, causing concerns about safety measures and guidelines for welding environments. Exposure to harmful substances like welding fumes can also affect the oral cavity, a part of both digestive and respiratory system, and therefore, the impact on teeth hard structures claims further scientific investigations.
</abstract>

Welding Fumes Versus Respiratory System – An Up-to-Date Overview of Welding Lung Diseases

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> Our study on the anatomical variation of pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinuses was performed on 200 tomographical studies, evaluating the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinuses and the Onodi cells, the types of pneumatisation according with the types described by Hammer and Radberg, as well as the extensions of pneumatisation towards the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes and sphenoidal wings; the frequency of intrasphenoidal protrusions and dehiscences of internal carotid artery, optic nerve, Vidian canal and foramen rotundum and the presence of primary and secondary septa attached to their canals.</abstract>

“Ovidius” University of Constanta, Faculty of Medicine

UMF „Carol Davila” Bucuresti, Faculty of Medicine

Anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus - a study of 200 cases -

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>Primary health care (PHC) represents one of the most important parts of any health system, and consists of first-contact medical services (preventive, curative and rehabilitation) for the patients. Our study analyses the family physicians' opinions related to a series of measures that could improve Romania's healthcare system through an online survey.We identified three components, first one related to control over spendings, increase of medicine market efficiency and transparency in using public funds, second one related to standardization of care processes, accreditation, implementation of guidelines and control over utilization of specialty services and component number three related to type of insurance houses, with competition among them, better decentralization and integrated provision of medical services.The conclusions of the survey emphasize the fac that primary care health is affected by sub optimal financing, with a need of better support for its development through investments in health promotion, services integragion and human resources as means of increasing general health status of the population.</abstract>

Family Physicians' Opinion: A Survey on Possible Measures for Improving Healthcare in Romania

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>The practical approach to effective prevention and diagnosis of congenital anomalies involving them early (prenatal or neonatal), correctly and completely. Both actions require but etiopathogenic knowledge, clinical skills and appropriate means of exploration. Epidemiological studies can contribute in a meaningful way to identify and assess risk factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of congenital anomalies. This research is part of a large study (retrospective and prospective), which aims to identify factors involved in congenital anomalies determinism towards a diagnostic algorithm for an early and optimal case management.</abstract>

Risk factors associated with congenital anomalies in children

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title> A retrospective analysis of microbiology data from general infections was performed. From 105 isolates strains of Staphylococcus spp. 36 (34,28%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 33 (31,42%) Staphylococcus aureus, 21 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 15 (14,28%) were Staphylococcus hominis. Results: S. hominis isolates were predominantly resistant to betalactamins (93,33 %) and even Imidazole (60 %). 53,33 % of strains were resistent to aminosides and 33,33 % to Ciprofloxacin. All strains (100%) were sensitive to Vancomycin, but also all were susceptibile to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin. A high percentage of S. hominis were sensitive to Moxifloxacin, Linezolid (93,33 %), and to teicoplanin (86,67%). Discussion: S. hominis is a member of skin normal flora, but all strains of S. hominis were isolated from generalized infection with a high rate of mortality.</abstract>

Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections

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ARS Medica Tomitana

The Journal of "Ovidius" University of Constanta

 ARS Medica Tomitana, the official journal of Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania, has its early roots back in 1994; in 2004, the journal encountered a significant improvement...

 ARS Medica Tomitana, the official journal of Faculty of Medicine, Constanta, Romania, has its early roots back in 1994; in 2004, the...