<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Previously, a pair of aircraft crash fatalities was reported by Byard and Tsokos involving extreme trauma to the lower legs with avulsion of the musculature and extrusion of the distal tibial shaft through the inferior aspect of the feet and shoes. This report was important to both the forensics and the injury prevention fields because it demonstrates a finding that may help to indicate not only the severity and nature/direction of an impact but also the position of the extremities at the time of collision with the terrain. Thus, here are reported an additional nine cases out of a larger series of 1182 aircraft fatalities (0.7%) with similar findings and discuss the biomechanical origins of such injuries.</abstract>

Series of Nine Cases of Axial Displacement of Distal Tibial and/or Fibular Shafts from Aircraft Crashes with Proposal of Potential Mechanisms

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> BACKGROUND: To demonstrate that an epidemiologic probability model of a hypothesized X-linkage for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) that predicted its 50% male excess, also predicts the 25% male excess of all child mortality for ages under 5 years. METHODS: Neglecting trauma, infants die naturally from either respiratory causes R (breathing stops first) or cardiac causes C (heart stops beating first). An hypothesized dominant X-linked allele with frequency p = 1/3, that is protective against acute anoxic encephalopathy, predicted the 50% male excess of R. Given the ~ 0% male excess for cardiac deaths C, and assuming equal death risk for females by R and C, their average predicts a 25% male excess for equal numbers of infant males and females at risk. Thus, 5 males would die for each 4 females dying from all causes, predicting a male fraction of 5/9 = 0.55556.RESULTS: Vital statistics for gender of children under 5 years at risk of dying and their corresponding mortality are obtained from the U.S.A. and multiple European countries. For 17 data sets from 15 countries, we total over 1.2 Billion child-years at risk and over 2.6 million child deaths. The observed total under 5 year male fraction, correcting for the nominal 5% male livebirth excess, is 0.55633, virtually as predicted. CONCLUSIONS: An X-linked dominant allele protective against respiratory failure, predicts accurately the 5/9 male fraction of all child mortality under 5 years. DNA study of SIDS can identify the candidate X-linked gene locus.</abstract>

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (retired)

Dupont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, DE, USA

An explanation of the 25% male excess mortality for all children under 5

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> With a quadrupling of forensic psychiatric patients in Denmark over the past 20 years, focus on violence risk assessment practices across the country has increased. However, information is lacking regarding Danish risk assessment practice across professional disciplines and clinical settings; little is known about how violence risk assessments are conducted, which instruments are used for what purposes, and how mental health professionals rate their utility and costs. As part of a global survey exploring the application of violence risk assessment across 44 countries, the current study investigated Danish practice across several professional disciplines and settings in which forensic and high-risk mental health patients are assessed and treated. In total, 125 mental health professionals across the country completed the survey. The five instruments that respondents reported most commonly using for risk assessment, risk management planning and risk monitoring were Broset, HCR-20, the START, the PCL-R, and the PCL:SV. Whereas the HCR-20 was rated highest in usefulness for risk assessment, the START was rated most useful for risk management and risk monitoring. No significant differences in utility were observed across professional groups. Unstructured clinical judgments were reported to be faster but more expensive to conduct than using a risk assessment instrument. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.</abstract>

Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, University of Aarhus, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark

Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, USA

Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany

Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

Johannes Gutenberg Institute of Psychology, University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany

Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada

Department of Human and Social Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal

Centre de Recherche en Defense Sociale, Tournai, Belgium; UMons, B7000 Mons, Belgium

Castle Peak Hospital, Tuen Mun, Central, Hong Kong

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden

Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, C.P. 97000 Mérida, Yucatán, México

Department of Psychiatry, National University of La Plata, B1900 La Plata, Argentina

Centre for Mental Health and Risk, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom

Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA

Ministerio de Justicia, Santiago, 8320000, Chile

Group of Advanced Violence Studies, University of Barcelona, 8035 Barcelona, Spain; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Buenos Aires, C1053ABJ, Argentina

Global Institute of Forensic Research, Reston, Virginia, 20190, USA

Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Molde University College, 6402 Molde, Norway

Violence Risk Assessment Practices in Denmark: A Multidisciplinary National Survey

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science

 Official journal of the Danish, Norwegian and the Swedish societies for forensic medicine. The journal will publish original articles, review articles, preliminary communications, letters to the editor and case reports in the different disciplines of forensic sciences: forensic pathology, clinical forensic medicine, forensic genetics, forensic toxicology, forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, forensic psychiatry and forensic science. Why subscribe and read  The only journal in forensic dealing specifically with the Scandinavian countries.  Why submit  Papers of interest especially for a Scandinavian readership.  Rejection Rate   30%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science

Volume 21 (2015): Issue 2 (December 2015)

Series of Nine Cases of Axial Displacement of Distal Tibial and/or Fibular Shafts from Aircraft Crashes with Proposal of Potential Mechanisms

An explanation of the 25% male excess mortality for all children under 5

Violence Risk Assessment Practices in Denmark: A Multidisciplinary National Survey

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