<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The subject of this paper are alternative funding schemes for a planned universal, open, repository hosting and communication platform for web-based knowledge resources for science, education and an open knowledge society. An attempt is made to estimate the amount of funding needed by analysing the costs of procuring content from foreign and domestic sources, the digitization of library resources, capital expenditures and operating expenses of the institution that will manage the SYNAT platform. Assuming that access to knowledge resources will be free of charge for specified groups or all users, the potential revenue generated by the platform is defined - mainly: directly or indirectly from the national budget and supplementally from private sources. The possible organizational and legal forms of the institution administering the SYNAT platform - public and private sector entities - are reviewed in terms of the certainty and elasticity of funding by the national budget as well as other sources, ensuring the on-going operation of the scientific and technical information system.</abstract>

Conceptions for Financing a Universal, Open, Repository Hosting and Communication Platform for Web-Based Knowledge Resources

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article is dedicated to the modelling of the essence of decision-taking processes in flat and hierarchical decision problems. In flat decision problems particular attention is drawn to the effectiveness of strategies in seeking decision variants on solution decomposition trees, taking into account the strength of their predefined contradictions. For hierarchical decision processes, the issue of iterative balancing of global (hierarchical) decisions is expressed, based on the valuation of the significance of flat decisions.</abstract>

Decision-Making in Flat and Hierarchical Decision Problems

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Article aims to present the technological innovation - Smart Grids in the process of maintaining Europ’s energy security, competitiveness of economy and environmental protection. Innovative intelligent networks are the solution to accelerate the liberalization process of the energy sector, and also to grow energy efficiency and savings in the consumption of electricity. Management of energy production and efficient planning of consumption will bring benefits for the economic development. Technology of smart grids will change in the future the structure of the supply of energy towards a decentralization system. This article consist of three main parts, the first concerns the analysis of energy policy in Europe with the most significant factors that shape this policy, the seconde part concerns the presentation of the smart grids solutions essence for electricity and the benefits generated by the process of implementing in the energy system. The third part is devoted to European and Polish projects in the subject of smart meters.</abstract>

Smart Grids in the Process of Building a Competitive Economy and Energy Security in Europe

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">For a SME (small and medium-size enterprise) to operate competitively in an international and local market, it is necessary for it to deal with its tasks in an efficient and practical way; this can be achieved by the systematic analysis of the undertaken tasks in relation to the company’s organizational and economical ability for their completion. The author suggests in this paper that the assessment of such an implementation depends on a firm's intention to use the ERP system to achieve strategic goals. The author discusses the issue of the Balance Scorecard method being used to assess the impact of an ERP system implementation on the performance of a small service enterprise. Using a research results, the author illustrates the possibility to assess the implementation of an ERP system in the small enterprises.</abstract>

Assessing the Impact of Erp Implementation in the small Enterprises

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The purpose of this paper is to draw to the attention of those involved in marketing - scientists, educators, researchers, marketers, and professionals dealing with the implementation of marketing processes - the responsibility which rests upon them in the face of rapid social change worldwide through increasing global economic turbulence, a continuously widening gap between rich and poor societies as well as the galloping degradation of the natural environment. The paper is a critical analysis and literature review of marketing covering recent studies on marketing issues in relation to the concept of sustainability. Faced with increasing criticisms of a one-dimensional profit driven approach, the marketing concept requires rebranding to address issues of sustainability. Intense strategic discussion is required concerning the need to change attitudes that promote and implement modern marketing, starting from changes in the consumption model through the creation of commercial proposals, which will positively shape the future of both market exchange and social life. Moreover, it is postulated that marketers present to consumers an attitude of active and responsible management, as well as openness and honesty in market communication. The article introduces discussion on sustainable marketing and its fundamental importance in the development of marketing theory in Poland; taking into account current debates voiced in Poland - often based on imprecise interpretation of the marketing process. There exists therefore, a need for a thorough analysis and standardisation of understanding marketing theory and consequently the introduction of new concepts and new practices into the marketing process.</abstract>

Faculty of Management Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Sustainable Marketing - a new Era in the Responsible Marketing Development

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article presents the problem of supply chain optimization from the perspective of a multimodal logistics provider and includes a mathematical model of multilevel cost optimization in the form of MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming). The costs of production, transport, distribution and environmental protection were adopted as optimization criteria. Timing, volume, capacity and mode of transport were also taken into account. The model was implemented in the LINGO ver.12. The numerical experiments were carried out using sample data to show the possibilities of practical decision support and supply chain optimization.</abstract>

Optimization Model for Multimodal Transportation Networks Based on Supply Chain

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Human Performance Improvement (HPI) as well as human aspects in Quality Management (QM) has received strong attention from researches. Many studies investigate the level of health care services and their main determinants. This paper seeks the relationships between the concepts of HPI and QM. The aims are to present the HPI practices on the example of EFQM Business Excellence Model criteria. HPI criteria were measured by EFQM model in Health Care Organizations (HCO) in Poland with use of case study methodology conducted on the basis of self-assessment reports documentation. The study included all HCO which are Polish Quality Award winners in the years 2005-2010. Studied HCO belonged to public sector. Results of study: (1) showed that the rules of HPI apply to all criteria of the EFQM model in Human Resources Management range, (2) justified the role and importance of HPI in the evaluation QM in HCO. The use of the EFQM model to assessment of the quality level of HCO is helpful for implementation of aimed improvement. Building QM awareness contributes to HCO creation of the need for management mechanisms and the development of medical service personnel function which is related to HPI.</abstract>

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Department of Qualitology, Poland

University of Gdansk, Faculty of Management, Department of Economies of Enterprises, Poland

Human Performance Improvement in the Health Care Organizations. Results of Empirical Study in Poland

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This article makes a case for holding groups as a type of enterprise structure which guarantees capital and structural security at the time of economic and political transition in the 1990s, which in a way prepared them for the global recession in the early 21st century. The case study of PKN Orlen is presented to illustrate the typical economic developments which accompanied privatisation and commercialisation of Polish state-owned enterprises. A major part of the article addresses management mechanisms which make a holding structure immune to strong economic turbulence which would otherwise be destructive to individual daughter companies.</abstract>

Holding Groups: a Safe Corporate Structure at the Time of Recession

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Risk assessment is an important task of risk management. It must take various aspects into consideration. For this reason the risk management involves various scientific disciplines: mathematics, psychology, law etc. Every institution must deal with many different kinds of risk. The question is: in order to ensure the continuation of the company, is it important to assess individual risk or to identify and evaluate the entire overall risk to the enterprise. This article aims to present a method of calculating the total organizational risk in relation to the ROI-return on investment (justifying the critical importance of profit [loss] in ensuring the continued operation of the entity).</abstract>

A Total Risk Assessment in an Enterprise

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Foundations of Management

 The primary version of the journal is the online one.  Interdisciplinary perception and interpretation of economic phenomena that accompany the managers and enterprises in their daily work, in order to make them more efficient, safe and economic for suppliers and receivers of the products and services in the global world of technological innovation, domination of knowledge, changes of the value of money and constant market game between demand and supply, future and past.   Rejection Rate   &lt; 30%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 