<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Two oat (<italic>Avena sativa</italic> L.) and ten naked oat (<italic>Avena nuda</italic> L.) cultivars grown on an experimental farm in two consecutive years were analyzed for their content of β-glucan, ash, fat, protein and Osborne protein fractions. Concentration of the antioxidant substances avenanthramides, tocopherols, tocotrienols and total phenolic compounds was analyzed. The antioxidant capacity of the oat cultivars was studied by ABTS•+-scavenging assay and FRAP assay. Cultivar Vazec and conservation cultivar Klimt showed high contents of fat, avenanthramides and total phenolic compounds, as well as a high antioxidant capacity. Klimt also had a high total protein content, and the highest proportion of avenanthramide 2c, which has the highest antioxidant activity of the analyzed avenanthramides. On the other hand, Klimt was also relatively low in β-glucan and tocopherols and tocotrienols. The two cultivars of husked oat, Effektiv and Max, have high yields and low prolamin contents, but showed poor results in all analyzed antioxidant parameters. Comparison of the two cultivation periods showed large differences in many of the analyzed parameters. The hot, dry climate of 2015 had negative influences on the nutritional quality of the oat, especially concerning the antioxidant properties. No cultivar could be identified that was robust against these climatic influences.</abstract>

BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Department of Food Sciences and Technology

Nutritional properties of various oat and naked oat cultivars

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The purpose of this research was to improve the functional properties of gluten-free (GF) wholemeal buckwheat bread by sourdough fermentation and addition of arabinoxylan (AX) and pyranose 2-oxidase (POx). AXs are able to cross-link to other AX molecules under acidic conditions, which is supported by the addition of oxidizing enzymes (e.g., POx). On a first approach, the optimal sourdough concentration (% acidification of total flour weight) was adjusted. The best results were seen at an acidification of 82% of total flour weight. The optimal dosage of 3% AX and 1 nkat POx/g flour was able to increase the specific volume from 1.80 to 1.93 cm3/g bread and reduce the firmness from 9.61 to 4.69 N compared to the control bread and presented an acceptable relative elasticity of 62.20 ± 0.96%. These effects were then compared in breads produced from wholemeal and refined buckwheat flour. Interestingly, the wholemeal buckwheat bread showed a significantly lower firmness and higher relative elasticity than the bread from refined flour, which can be mainly attributed to the higher protein and dietary fibre content of wholemeal flour. Overall, this study suggested that addition of AX and POx could positively increase the quality of GF buckwheat bread.</abstract>

Improving gluten-free buckwheat bread by sourdough fermentation and addition of arabinoxylan and pyranose 2-oxidase

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">A feeding trial with laying hens was conducted to study the effect of rising levels of dietary wheat bran (WB) and two vegetable oils on digestibility and retention. In addition, two different adaption times were evaluated. The following treatments were applied: no WB/29 g/kg rapeseed oil, no WB/29 g/kg sunflower oil, 75 g/kg WB/45 g/kg rapeseed oil, 75 g/kg WB/45 g/kg sunflower oil, 150 g/kg WB/62 g/kg rapeseed oil, and 150 g/kg WB/62 g/kg sunflower oil. Samples of excrements were examined for dry matter, crude protein, ether extracts, starch, neutral detergent fiber, short-chain fatty acids, and elemental analyses. The effect of the adaption time showed a significantly negative effect on the digestibility of NDF and the retention of phosphorus when a longer prefeeding period was applied. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that regardless of high dietary fiber content, laying hens are capable of tolerating higher dietary fiber levels compared to the fiber level of corn soybean meal diets. Precondition is a balanced nutrient content between diets. Therefore, wheat bran supplementation can be regarded as an interesting option for a sustainable utilization of by-products to produce food of animal origin.</abstract>

Digestibility and nutrient retention of a wheat bran-containing diet containing two vegetable oil sources applied to laying hens with emphasis on prefeeding period

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the biomass production and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. The pot experiment included two maize genotypes: hybrid 408BC originating from Croatia and a local maize population from Kosovo. The doses of Se applied were 0, 1.30, 6.57, 13, and 26 mg kg−1. The lowest Se dose (1.30 mg Se kg−1) had a positive effect on shoot and root biomass production as well as on the contents of chlorophyll <italic>b</italic> (<italic>Chl-b</italic>), total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (just for the hybrid). Chlorophyll <italic>a</italic> (<italic>Chl-a</italic>) was reduced with increasing Se doses, whereas chlorophyll <italic>b</italic> (<italic>Chl-b</italic>) and total chlorophyll further increased with medium Se doses. The highest Se dose strongly reduced biomass and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. <italic>Chl-a</italic> and carotenoids positively correlated with shoot (for both genotypes) and root (for the hybrid) biomass, whereas no correlation was observed between <italic>Chl-b</italic> and biomass. Low amounts of Se application are favorable for biomass production and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, whereas high amounts of Se application negatively affect both.</abstract>

Selenium supply affects chlorophyll concentration and biomass production of maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.)

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><italic>Asclepias syriaca</italic> is an invasive alien plant that has recently spread in Central Europe. The spatiotemporal spread of <italic>A. syriaca</italic> was reconstructed based on the distribution data for Austria. <italic>A. syriaca</italic> has increased in abundance and range, especially after the year 2005. At present, the species occurs primarily in eastern Austria (Vienna, Lower Austria), while it was rarely recorded in southern and western Austria. Further spread and range filling is probable. Moreover, the distribution of <italic>A. syriaca</italic> along roadsides and the role of road type and adjoining land use in facilitating its spread were studied in an area of high presence of the species in Lower Austria in 2018. It was shown that <italic>A. syriaca</italic> occurred regularly along roadsides and the chance of finding <italic>A. syriaca</italic> was higher along unpaved roads and along roadsides bordered by forests and grassland. The results indicate that the road network contributes to the spread of <italic>A. syriaca</italic> in the study area, most likely by providing suitable and well connected habitats. If <italic>A. syriaca</italic> densities are to be lowered, emphasis should be placed on both a proper roadside management (e.g., mowing regimes) and on the control of the species in the respective adjacent habitat.</abstract>

Roads support the spread of invasive <italic>Asclepias syriaca</italic> in Austria

Ornamental Crops

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

Volume 69 (2018): Issue 4 (December 2018)

Research Article

Nutritional properties of various oat and naked oat cultivars

Improving gluten-free buckwheat bread by sourdough fermentation and addition of arabinoxylan and pyranose 2-oxidase

Digestibility and nutrient retention of a wheat bran-containing diet containing two vegetable oil sources applied to laying hens with emphasis on prefeeding period

Selenium supply affects chlorophyll concentration and biomass production of maize (Zea mays L.)

Roads support the spread of invasive Asclepias syriaca in Austria

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