Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Used for Typing of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases- Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Infant ҆S Respiratory and Digestive System

1. Akil, I., Yilmaz, O., Kuruepe, S., Deqwrli, K., Kavukcu, S. (2006). Influence of oral intake of Saccharomyces boulardii on Escherichia coli in enteric flora. Pediatr Nephrol. 21, 807-810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-006-0088-4 PMid:1670337410.1007/s00467-006-0088-4PMid:16703374Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Backhed, F., Ley, R.E., Sonnenburg, J.L., Peterson, D.A., Gordon, J.I. (2005). Host bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 307, 1915-1920. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104816 PMid:1579084410.1126/.1104816PMid:15790844Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K.S., Manichanh, C., et al. (2010). A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464 (7285): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08821 PMid:20203603 PMCid:PMC377980310.1038/nature08821PMid:20203603PMCid:PMC3779803Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Penders, J., Thijs, C., Vink, C., Stelma, F.F., Snijders, B., Kummeling, I., van den Brandt, P.A., Stobberingh, E.E. (2006). Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118 (2): 511-521. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2824 PMid:1688280210.1542/peds.2005-2824PMid:16882802Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Jernberg, C., Lofmark, S., Edlund, C., Jansson, J.K. (2010). Long – term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. Microbiology 156, 3216-3223. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040618-0 PMid:2070566110.1099/mic.0.040618-0PMid:20705661Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. de la Cochetiere, M.F., Durand, T., Lepage, P., Bourreille, A., Galmiche, J.P., Dore, J. (2005). Resilience of the dominant human fecal microbiota upon short-course antibiotic challenge. J Clin Microbiol 43, 5588-5592. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5588-5592.2005 PMid:16272491 PMCid:PMC128778710.1128/JCM.43.11.5588-5592.2005PMid:16272491PMCid:PMC1287787Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Perez-Cobas, A.E., Gosalbes, M.J., Friedrichs, A., Knecht, H., Artacho, A., Eismann, K., et al. (2013). Gut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy: a multi-omic approach. Gut 62, 1591-1601. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303184 PMid:23236009 PMCid:PMC381289910.1136/gutjnl-2012-303184PMid:23236009PMCid:PMC3812899Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Paterson, L.D., Bonomo, A.R. (2005). Extended spectrum beta lactamases: a clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 18(4): 657-686. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005 PMid:16223952 PMCid:PMC126590810.1128/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005Search in Google Scholar

9. Bush, K., Jacoby, G.A. (2010). Update functional classification sheme of β – lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 54(3): 969-976. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01009-09 PMid:19995920 PMCid:PMC282599310.1128/AAC.01009-09PMid:19995920PMCid:PMC2825993Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Philippon, A., Labia, R., Jacoby, G. (1989). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 33, 1131–1136. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.33.8.113110.1128/AAC.33.8.1131Search in Google Scholar

11. Srivastava, A., Singhal, N., Goel, M., Virdi, J.S., Kumar, M. (2014). CBMAR: a comprehensive β-lactamase molecular annotation resource. Database (Oxford). 2014: bau111 https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bau111 PMid:25475113 PMCid:PMC425506010.1093/database/bau111PMid:25475113PMCid:PMC4255060Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Bonnet, R. (2004). Growing group of extended spectrum: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agent Chemother. 48, 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004 PMCid:PMC31018710.1128/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004PMCid:PMC310187Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Lewis, J.S., Herrera, M., Wickes, B., Patterson, J.E., Jorgensen, J.H. (2007). First report of the emergence of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) as the predominant ESBL isolated in a U.S. Health Care System. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 51(11): 4015-4021. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00576-07 PMid:17724160 PMCid:PMC215143810.1128/AAC.00576-07PMid:17724160PMCid:PMC2151438Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Alobwede, I., Mzali, F.H., Livermore, D.M., Hentige, J., Todd, N., Hawkey, P.M. (2003). CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases arrives in UK. J Antimicrob Chemother. 51. 470-471. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg096 PMid:12562729 139 Popova G. et al.10.1093/jac/dkg096PMid:12562729139PopovaG.etalOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Mendonça, N., Ferreira, E., Louro, D., ARSIP Participants, Caniça, M. (2009). Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended- and broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Portugal. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 34(1): 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.014 PMid:1927275710.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.014PMid:19272757Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Kiratisin, P., Apisarnthanarak, A., Laesripa, C., Saifon, P. (2008). Molecular characterization and epidemiology of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing health care-associated infection in Thailand, where the CTX-M family is endemic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 52(8): 2818-2824. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00171-08 PMid:18505851 PMCid:PMC249313610.1128/AAC.00171-08Search in Google Scholar

17. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 4.0, 2014. http://www.eucast.org.Search in Google Scholar

18. The EUCAST subcommittee for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistance of clinical and/or epidemiological importance. EUCAST guidelines for detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/or epidemiological importance.Version 1.0, 2013. http://www.eucast.org.Search in Google Scholar

19. Ribot, E.M., Fair, M.A., Gautom, R., Cameron, D.N., Hunter, S.B., Swaminathan, B., Barrett, T.J. (2006). Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 3(1): 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2006.3.59 PMid:1660298010.1089/fpd.2006.3.59PMid:16602980Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Caprioli, A., Maugliani, A., Michelacci, V., Morabito, S. (2014). Molecular typing of Verocytotoxin -producing E. coli (VTEC) strains isolated from food, feed and animals : state of play and standard operating procedures for pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, profiles interpretation and curation. EFSA journal EN704, 55.10.2903/sp.efsa.2014.EN-704Search in Google Scholar

21. Barrett, T.J., Gerner-Smidt, P., Swaminathan, B. (2006). Interpretation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns in foodborne disease investigations and surveillance. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 3(1): 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2006.3.20 PMid:1660297610.1089/fpd.2006.3.20PMid:16602976Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Peters, T.M., Maguire, C., Threlfall, E.J., Fisher, I.S., Gill, N., Gatto, A.J. (2003). The Salm-gene project -a European collaboration for DNA fingerprinting for food-related salmonellosis. Euro Surveill. 8, 46-50. https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.08.02.00401-en PMid:1263197510.2807/esm.08.02.00401-enPMid:12631975Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Winokur, P.L., Cantón, R., Casellas, J.M., Legakis, N. (2001). Variations in the prevalence of strains expressing an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype and characterization of isolates from Europe, the Americas, and the Western Pacific region. Clin Infect Dis. 32, 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1086/320182 PMid:1132045010.1086/320182PMid:11320450Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Pitout, J.D., Hanson, N.D., Church, D.L., Laupland, K.B. (2004). Population-based laboratory surveillance for Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases: importance of community isolates withblaCTX-M genes. Clin Infect Dis. 38, 1736–1741. https://doi.org/10.1086/421094 PMid:1522762010.1086/421094PMid:15227620Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Ben-Ami, R., Schwaber, M.J., Navon-Venezia, S., Schwartz, D., Giladi, M., Chmelnitsky, I., Leavitt, A., Carmeli, Y. (2006). Influx of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae into the hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 42, 925–934. https://doi.org/10.1086/500936 PMid:1651175410.1086/500936PMid:16511754Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Chandramohan, L., Revell, P.A. (2012). Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a pediatric patient population. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56(9): 4765-4770. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00666-12 PMid:22733062 PMCid:PMC342190110.1128/AAC.00666-12PMid:22733062PMCid:PMC3421901Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Mitchella, D.J., Mc Clurea, B.G., Tubmanb, T.R.J. (2001). Simultaneous monitoring of gastric and oesophageal pH reveals limitations of conventional oesophageal pH monitoring in milk fed infants. Arch Dis Child. 84, 273-276. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.84.3.273 PMCid:PMC171869710.1136/adc.84.3.273PMCid:PMC1718697Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Orozco-Levi, M., Torres, A., Ferrer, M., Piera, C., El-Ebiary, M., de la Bellacasa, J.P., Rodriguez-Roisin, R. (1995). Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal re- flux in mechanically ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 152, 1387–1390. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551400 PMid:7551400 140 PFGE for typing extended-spectrum-β-lactamases- producing Escherichia coli from respiratory and digestive system10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551400Search in Google Scholar

29. Davis, K.J., Johannigman, J.A., Campbell, R.S., Marraccini, A., Luchette, F.A., Frame, S.B., Branson, R.D. (2001). The acute effects of body position strategies and respiratory therapy in paralyzed patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care. 5, 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc991 PMid:11299066 PMCid:PMC3071310.1186/cc991PMid:11299066PMCid:PMC30713Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Drakulovic, M.B., Torres, A., Bauer, T.T., Nicolas, J.M., Nogue, S., Ferrer, M. (1999). Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 354, 1851–1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)12251-110.1016/S0140-6736(98)12251-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Pingleton, S.K., Hinthorn, D.R., Liu, C. (1986). Enteral nutrition in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: multiple sources of tracheal colonization include the stomach. Am J Med. 80, 827–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90623-610.1016/0002-9343(86)90623-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Tablan, O.C., Anderson, L.J., Besser, R., Bridges, C., Hajjeh, R., Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Guidelines for preventing health-care–associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of the CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Recomm Rep. 53(RR-3):1–36. PMid:15048056Search in Google Scholar

33. Prosperi, M., Veras, N., Azarian, T., Rathore, M., Nolan, D., Rand, K., Cook, R.L., Johnson, J., Morris, J.G., Salemil, M. (2013). Molecular epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the genomic era: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 3, 1902 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01902 PMid:23712667 PMCid:PMC366495610.1038/srep01902PMid:23712667PMCid:PMC3664956Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

34. Tschudin-Sutter, S., Frei, R., Dangel, M., Strauden A., Widmer, A.T. (2012). Rate of Transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing enterobacteriaceae without contact isolation. Clin Infect Dis. 55 (11): 1505-1511. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis770 PMid:2295543610.1093/cid/cis770PMid:22955436Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Jain, R., Kralovic, S.M., Evans, M.E., Ambrose, M., Simbartl, L.A., Obrosky, D.S., Render, M.L., Freyberg, R.W., Jarnigan, J.A., Muder, R.R., Miller, L.J., Roselle, G.A. (2011). Veterans affairs initiative to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. 364:1419-30. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1007474 PMid:2148876410.1056/NEJMoa1007474PMid:21488764Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Ostrowsky, B.E., Trick, W.E., Sohn, A.H., Quirk, S.B., Holt, S., Carson, L.A., Hill, B.C., Arduino, M.J., Kuehnert, M.J., Jarvis, W.R. (2001). Control of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in health care facilities in a region. N Engl J Med. 344: 1427-1433. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105103441903 PMid:1134680710.1056/NEJM200105103441903PMid:11346807Open DOISearch in Google Scholar