<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The present study examines the influence of the principal’s leadership style on the teachers’ commitment. The research question is: What is the correlation between the school principal’s leadership style and teachers’ sense of commitment? The research population is from The Triangle, a concentration of Israeli Arab towns and villages adjacent to the Green Line. The settlements are home to approximately 300,000 Arab citizens of Israel, representing about 24%% of Israel’s Palestinian Arab population who are Muslim. 352 teachers participated in the study, of which 275 were women (78.1%), and 77 were men (21.9%), most of them in the age range of 35-55. The teachers teach in middle schools and high schools. The research tools used in the study include two questionnaires: 1) Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire – MLQ by Bass and Avolio [1990], which includes 36 items that measure nine leadership styles indices. 20 items examine transformational leadership, 12 items examine transactional leadership, and 4 items examine Laissez-faire leadership. 2) The Allen and Meyer [199] commitment to school questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 16 items, 8 first items examine affective commitment to the organization and 8 last items examine continuing commitment to the organization. The scale is between 1 and 4. Hypothesis H1 was confirmed, the study findings showed that there are positive relationships of moderate and significant strengths between all leadership indicators and commitment indicators while high levels of leadership (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire) the teacher reported about his principal, are associated with high levels of affective and continuance commitment. In addition, it was found that the relationship between transactional leadership and affective commitment is (slightly) stronger than the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment.
</abstract>

The Correlation Between the Principal’s Leadership Style and the Commitment of Teachers in Arab Schools in Israel

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Over the last 30 years, significant geopolitical, social, and economic changes have impacted the OECD members and candidates, which has led to a significant improvement in the quality of life and life expectancy, with the reduction of the potential years of life lost one of the indicators of reduced mortality observed across the group. On the geopolitical side, the admission of the Baltic countries and their standardization of the metrics to track demographics more aligned with the internationally accepted practices, on the social side; the increase in life expectancy poses challenges to the care of the elders but also the extension on the age within the labor force and lastly, on the economic changes; the ongoing increase of income and GDP has led to an expanded access of care including goods and services. This paper explores the use of mortality information and potential years of life lost as a beacon to point toward the economic burden of poor health and its related mortality.
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Potential Years of Life Lost and Its Implication on Economic Output: Assessment of OECD Members and Candidate Countries for the Period 1993-2018

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This research examines how investment risk is treated within a selection of 667 articles from the Web of Science database, made by applying keywords and filters, within a bibliometric analysis. The keywords by which the selection was made were investment risk, and the specific filters were: the authors’ countries of origin, EU states, and the articles to be published in the period 2019-2023 in order to identify current risks associated with investments. To ensure that the aspects analyzed are from the economic field, we chose the fields of economics, management, and business in the Web of Science categories. In Citation Topics Meso, we chose the subfields of economics and management.
The authors’ territorial distribution and affiliation were analyzed using the Web of Science and VOS viewer software functions. The analysis of the density of words and phrases associated with investment risk was substantiated with the help of Word Cloud software, Word Art, and VOSviewer software, applying the co-occurrence filter. The results generated after filtering reveal 5 clusters with a total of 87 words that are associated with investment risk, appearing at least 10 times. In addition, besides the words risk and investments, other terms with strong links in the selection were performance, impact, determinants, market, growth, and liquidity. The associations resulting from our research can form the basis of other research regarding the decision to invest and the classification of the investments or the risks to which the investment process is subject.
</abstract>

National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest

Investment Risk – Bibliometric Analysis at the Level of EU States

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Business strategies often only skim the surface of the matter at hand, presenting general and vague descriptions of the direction of development without providing specifics or hinting at their essence. Strategies must be operationalized to effectively drive concrete actions and results, i.e., presented with a higher degree of specificity. Avoiding streamlined formulations and providing clear and objective language can aid in creating an engaging and mobilizing strategy. Questioning techniques can be employed as an initial phase in operationalizing business strategy. The inquiries used to construct the business strategy are founded on the fundamental questions applicable to any economy – “For whom?”, “What?”, and “How?”. These questions point to the market-product-technology trinity, which constitutes the essential components of any business and, consequently, any business strategy. In addition,, it is important to ask further questions that clarify the relationships between different elements of the business to formulate a strong business strategy. A fair assessment of the developed strategy’s efficacy can be made by providing specific answers to these questions.
</abstract>

University of National and World Economy – Sofia

Operationalizing Business Strategy by Questioning

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The Cohesion policy of the European Union is the basis of the principle concept of functioning in the Community. In this regard, achieving its main goals is of particular importance. In the context of overcoming the main weaknesses before achieving cohesion goals in the Community, the new paradigm of regional development based on integrated and strategic development initiatives and clearly defined competitiveness factors is becoming increasingly popular. The new approach is oriented towards compensatory actions in narrowly defined and nationally significant areas to discover and use the potential of the regions to achieve the “critical mass” necessary for further development. It is for this reason that the new approach for integrated regional development was already adopted in the previous planning period 2014-2020 in the majority of member states.
This article aims to define the conceptual framework for assessing the impact of integrated territorial investments. The methods used are content analysis of documents and GAP analysis, following standard inductive and deductive logical connections. As a result, some key challenges to implementing the integrated territorial approach in Bulgaria have been outlined. The structure of the publication contains a literature review on the topic, a methodological justification of the tools used, and a presentation of the main results and discussion questions.
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Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Impact of Implementing an Integrated Territorial Approach for Regional Development

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The accelerated expansion of the global economic milieu, catalyzed by the inception of the Internet, has facilitated seamless communication across nations. This phenomenon has induced a transformation in the business landscapes of individual countries, escalating market competitiveness annually. The pervasive incorporation of contemporary technologies within organizations profoundly impacts the skill set, anticipations, cognizance, and overall structure and execution of work within the workforce. Modern leadership is often encapsulated under various nomenclatures such as digital leadership, e-leadership, and eHRM. These terminologies serve as comprehensive descriptors encompassing the realms of digitalization, Information Technology (IT), and Human Resource Management (HRM). Consequently, it becomes imperative to comprehend the disparities between traditional and virtual settings, acknowledge the significance of digital technology in leadership paradigms, identify potential challenges, and cultivate requisite leadership skills. The proposed research explores the correlation between leadership and organizational efficacy within multinational corporations. The focus is on discerning potential cause-effect relationships, aligning with the positivist paradigm. The investigation will employ a deductive approach, congruent with positivist hypotheses, deemed suitable for probing this query.
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The Impact of Effective Leadership in the Digital Age on Organizational Effectiveness

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The paper discusses the problem of establishing the communication budget in one of the most active sectors regarding marketing communication, the banking one. Firstly, we highlight the particularities of communication in the banking sector, based on the results presented in the specialized literature. The functions of marketing communication and the communication process are applied to the specifics of banking institutions and the main communication models that banks can use are indicated, depending on the objectives pursued. Also, the main means of banking communication and how they can be associated with marketing objectives are synthesized. Based on diversification of the means of communication, we emphasized the attention that banks must pay to integrated marketing communication, a concept whose application contributes to the efficiency of communication at the level of each targeted category. In the second part, we addressed the methods that banking institutions can apply to size their communication budget and how the efficiency of its allocation can be evaluated. The data presented are based on the documentary study and the realization of a case study applied to the banking field in Romania. Although the results show that the banking sector in Romania is one of the sectors with the highest advertising expenses, the trends evidenced in terms of banking communication at a global level cannot be ignored, so Romanian banks will have to adapt their communication strategy and, along with this, how the communication budget is allocated.
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Coordination of Communication Budget with Marketing Objectives in the Banking Sector

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Economic crime is an increasing threat to the economic development of a state. While the legislative system tries to create tools to detect and prevent fraud, criminals continue to look for ways to commit and benefit from economic crimes, including fraud, money laundering, sanctions avoidance and corruption. Forensic accounting applies scientific techniques and accounting principles to detect fraudulent activities. Due to technological progress, corporate scams have increased enormously, and therefore, the need for forensic accountants has increased.
Professionals specializing in this type of accounting don’t just examine financial statements: they take a holistic approach, incorporating statistical analysis, big data and machine learning, interviews, and physical observation to arrive at the truth – which is just as crucial to due diligence as it is to criminal cases.
</abstract>

Forensic Accounting, a Tool for Detecting and Preventing the Economic Fraud

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Today’s environmental challenges are catching the attention of many companies to seek innovative solutions to solve the roots of these problems through strong partnerships with governmental entities and other organizations. Social innovation is a topic that can leverage new ideas and practices to overcome current societal and environmental issues fostering sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of social innovation by presenting a pragmatic and comparative study case analysis of two companies that successfully implemented social innovation in their business model. Social innovation combined with open innovation are great catalysts in solving societal and environmental problems and creating shared value and having an impact on business strategy. These two organizations strive to create change and develop a learning environment to surpass all risks and challenges to solve environmental problems. The paper will provide evidence on the importance of closing partnerships in the social innovation process and how collaboration helps in generating shared value.
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Social Innovation – a Powerful Statement from Companies for a Sustainable Environment

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The study was on Nigeria’s CC, PGR, and economic growth (1986-2021). Secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Bank, WDI, and Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) were analyzed using unit root test, Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) for climate change since variables were of I(1) &amp; I(0) as there was no co-integration. In contrast, the Error Correction Model (ECM) was used for population growth rate as variables were of I(1) and I(0), and there was co-integration. The GC test was adopted to determine the causal relationship among variables. The results showed that the coefficient values of lag one and two of LNRGDP had a significant relation with economic growth at both 10% and 1%, respectively, while lag three period of CAE was significant at a 5% level of probability. The study showed that birth growth rate and net migration positively and negatively impacted economic growth. It also showed unidirectional causality between crude death rate and economic growth and life expectancy at birth with economic growth. The study, therefore, recommends that the government invest in critical policies (real sectors of the economy) for economic growth and research the area of clean energy and eco-friendly approaches and population management with awareness campaigns that can ensure sustainable economic development.
</abstract>

Department of Economics and Actuarial Sciences, CASMAS

Department of Agricultural Extension and Management

Climate Change and Population Growth Rate: any Implications for Economic Growth in Nigeria?

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 14 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

Volume 14 (2023): Issue 1 (July 2023)

Volume 13 (2022): Issue 2 (October 2022)

Volume 13 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Valahian Journal of Economic Studies

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