<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz is recognized as one of the most influential military theorists of all time. His ideas and theories represented in “On War” and their relevance in the 21st century are recurring debates as irregular warfare and asymmetric warfare is on the rise since World War II. While Clausewitz did not write extensively about irregular or asymmetric warfare in “On War”, he did hold lectures on as at the time was called “small war”, where he shared his views about the war on the Spanish guerilla war against Napoleon. In this study, we will examine the nature and tactics described by Clausewitz and draw a comparison regarding modern tactics.
</abstract>

Ludovika – University of Public Service

Clausewitz’s Small War in the 21st Century

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The structural changes determined by the increasingly dynamic and volatile evolution of the security environment, the new elements in the command and force structure at national and allied level, have led to legislative amendments accordingly. This paper aims to analyze the host nation from the perspective of the forces deploying on its territory by determining how regulations have evolved in this area and highlighting the main capabilities whose development at the host nation level can support the deployment. We have chosen to analyze the documents governing the addressed areas at NATO and US level and to conduct a case study relevant to the subject.
</abstract>

“Carol I” National Defense University

Approaches to the Role of the Host Nation Support in Strategic Deployment

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Commercial aviation is vital to the economic health of the global economy. Commercial aviation as a global entity should be an international critical infrastructure that constantly safeguards and protects from malicious threats, including cybersecurity threat actors (Nobles, 2019). The international aviation industry needs a comprehensive cybersecurity defense plan to prevent cyber-based threats from negatively impacting civil aviation. Critical components of the global aviation systems consist of airport operations, air traffic management, ground operations, airline operations, unmanned systems, operations (Kessler, Craiger, &amp; Haass, 2018), aviation maintenance, airport security (physical security), and cargo and logistics. The existing aviation infrastructure was designed, engineered, and implemented without forbearance on cybersecurity (Kessler, Craiger, &amp; Haass, 2018). The lack of international cyber governance impedes the enforcement of cybersecurity policies; therefore, requiring a global-based alliance to create standards and best practices for evaluating and managing cybersecurity risks (Urban, 2017), especially in commercial aviation.
</abstract>

The Need for a Global Aviation Cybersecurity Defense Policy

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this article, we started from the premise that the human resource is organized in groups within universities, as in any other organization, in order to accomplish professional tasks. These groups should cooperate with the group coordinator as well as with other groups or members of the management team. The formal working groups are those through which universities meet their objectives, being officially designated to serve a specific organizational purpose, while the informal groups are formed spontaneously, in response to the common interests of the university members, helping to perform the received tasks.
</abstract>

Group Analysis as a Formal and Informal Structure at Higher Education Level

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The present study proposes an analysis of the common dispositions of the European Union, applicable to marriage dissolution by divorce but also to the legal separation. Also, we will realize a comparison between divorce and legal separation, due to the fact that, the last one is not regulated in all the countries that are part of the European Union. Consequently, we would like to identify the advantages and disadvantages of this legal procedure that is used by the spouses to separate, but which has as main effect maintaining the relations born when the marriage was concluded. We approached this subject, on the one hand, because the relations between spouses have degraded on the background of the movement restrictions both at national and global level. On the other hand, we turned our attention towards this domain, due the fact that not all states which apply the regulations of the European Union on this matter recognize both separation methods.
</abstract>

Aspects Regarding the Separation of Spouses

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had an unprecedented impact and far-reaching consequences on the global community, governments worldwide (aided by media outlets) have often resorted to military and even war-specific discourse and terminology, in a sustained and coordinated effort to make the general public aware of the pandemic’s devastating implications, painting the virus and the pandemic situation in typical war vocabulary by making use of terms such as “enemy”, “war”, “invader”, etc. In doing so, governments hoped to awaken a sense of urgency and responsibility in the general population. However, in spite of such rhetoric being unquestionably useful in mobilizing all forces in society in situations of extreme emergency, the frequent use of military vocabulary in the governments’ communication with the population often resulted in an undermining of the efforts to control the virus. The present paper analyses the type of military vocabulary employed by governments during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact upon the general public’s perception and consequent desire to collaborate with the authorities.
</abstract>

Covid War(S)? The Influence of Military Rhetoric on Government Discursive Practices During the Coronavirus Pandemic

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The purpose of this study is to present some scientifically validated evidence on the usefulness scales designed to assess the skills and predictors of the psychological profiles of military services/specialties in relation to psychological criteria. The procedures performed ensure that the used predictors and psychological assessment tools optimally participate to the selection of future officers, substantiating the best decision regarding the correspondence between the psychological profile of the person and the psychological profile of the function/military specialty in which it can develop.
</abstract>

Research and Evidence Regarding the Validation of the Psychological Evaluation for Selection of Future Officers

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This study performs a detailed examination of the provisions of Article 81 of Law no. 272/2004 for protection and promotion of childrenʼs rights, text of law according to which “No child shall be used a spy, guide or courier during armed conflicts”. Derived from the three fundamental human rights – the right of life, the right to physical integrity and the right to mental integrity, the legal interdiction of using children during armed conflicts as spies, guides or couriers, appears as a real instrument for protection and guarantee of minorsʼ rights, in correlation with their sheltering against the hostilities generated in conflict environments, by avoiding their use as human pawns in the theatres of operations. The lot of substantial information of the study has the vocation to transmit a firm message – to protect the children in case of war and to respect the standards of conduct in armed conflicts.
</abstract>

Legal Considerations Regarding the Interdiction of Using Children as Spies, Guides or Couriers During Armed Conflicts

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Recently, international adoption has been in the spotlight of the legislator, which has established an increasingly favourable legal framework for approving this type of adoption, the specific procedures being improved, simplified and made more accessible. Therefore, we consider it appropriate to analyse in detail the notion of international adoption, as regulated in the national law, but also in international law, by reference to some jurisprudential references. In accordance with Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, unlike internal adoption, international adoption involves the participation of foreign and national organizations, whose involvement is carefully and even restrictively regulated by the national legislator. The present study proposes a description of the organizations involved mainly in international adoption, with reference to the provisions of GEO no. 121/2021 on the establishment of measures at the level of the central public administration and for the amendment and completion of some normative acts, which provides for the restructuring of the National Authority for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Children and Adoptions.
</abstract>

Several Conceptual Aspects Regarding International Adoption

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The value relevance of financial reports has been the preoccupation of researchers and regulators during the last three decades. Therefore, this study is an attempt to reinvestigate the comparative value relevance of the main accounting figures (equity book value, earning, and cash flow) in two prominent economic and accounting models in the world, France and the UK. Using 115 French companies and 100 UK companies over the period 2011-2019, and relying on Ohlsonʼs model, the results indicated that equity book value and earnings are value-relevant in two countries, but cash flow has no value relevance. In France, the equity book value has low-value relevance versus a high-value relevance of earnings. However, in the UK, equity book value and earnings have close levels of value relevance. Although the differences between French and UK companies in terms of relative value relevance of equity book value and earnings, they have very close common value relevance.
</abstract>

Comparative Value Relevance of Main Accounting Figures in France and the United Kingdom

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this paper, the researcher briefly discusses the attacks that have occurred recently within Saudi Arabia to entities such as Saudi Aramco to the Ministry of Health. These attacks are aggressions against government institutions that can render a sector vulnerable. Observing the ongoing attacks on critical infrastructure in Ukraine one can see a replication of similar attacks that could occur and spread over the Middle East. As this nation is a politically turbulent region, there is no small number of external threats. To combat these evolving threats, a shift towards cyber readiness must occur. This includes new laws, security-hardened technologies, and education for people living in the kingdom.
</abstract>

An Argument for Cybersecurity in Saudi Arabia

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The opposing forces often laid antitank or antipersonnel minefields during wars and other armed conflicts. However, countries those ratified the Ottawa Treaty had abandoned using antipersonnel landmines in the future, the mines laid earlier are still can be found in huge numbers buried under the soil and they cause serious injuries to several people. Safe detection of mines, other dangerous explosive devices and the precise determination of their location sometimes require specific equipment. The authors introduce certain aerial vehicles and some of their special detection devices those can be used for locating landmines from the air.
</abstract>

Landmine Detection with Drones

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