<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The goals of this paper are: to estimate the carbon emission reduction on energy efficiency measurements in a laboratory building in Transilvania University from Braşov, Romania, in accordance with the European Directive 2009/28/EC and to estimate the contribution of renewable energy to energy efficiency of the building using the performance indicator named Renewable Energy Ratio - RER. We will detail the methods of calculation for CO2 emissions and we will present the results for gas condensing boiler, and ground source heat pump for the laboratory building. The results show that conventional energy efficiency technologies and renewable energy technologies can be used to decrease CO2 emissions in buildings by 20–30% on average and up to over 40% for some building types and locations. The contribution of renewable energy is between 40 and 50 % from total energy use and only for heating is 58%. This value could rise to 0.63 if we apply to electricity produced by photovoltaic panels.</abstract>

Which Is Greener? The Gas Condenser Boiler Or Ground Source Heat Pump. Which Is The Contribution Of Renewable Energy To The Energy Consumption For Heating To A Building?

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">During last years the need of knowing the forest in its various aspects, quantitative and qualitative, has enabled the appearance of a new technique forestry geomatics. Named as “the science of future” this technique integrates multiple technologies such as Remote Sensing, Airborne Photogrammetry, LIDAR, Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) or classical geodetic technology for data acquisition, data processing, data analysis and data management. The purpose is to provide specific information regarding the evaluation natural forestry resources. In this paper will be presented the utilization of terrestrial 3D laser scanner and GIS technologies in forestry inventory.</abstract>

Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, Faculty of Geodesy, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Lacul Tei Blvd., no. 122-124, sector 2, postal code 020396, Bucharest, Romania

Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, Faculty of Geodesy, Department of Surveying and Cadastre, Lacul Tei Blvd., no. 122-124, sector 2, postal code 020396, Bucharest, Romania

Applications Of Terrestrial Laser Scanning And GIS In Forest Inventory

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In this paper, four specimens of steel beam to column joints with different configuration of bolted angle connections are experimentally tested. The specimens are double sided beam to column connections and are tested under bending loading conditions in order to investigate elastic and inelastic connection behaviour. The semi-rigid beam-to-column connections were subjected to monotonous static loading. The bolted beam-to-column connections are composed from top and seat angle connections with and without web angles as well as with stiffened top and seat angle cleats. The intent of the experimental investigations is to highlight the ability of the connections to maintain strength and to provide rotational capacity. The experimental results are evaluated with the measured force displacement data, from which the characteristic moment-rotation curves were established. The experimental results indicate the primary failure modes include member deformation. The moment-rotation relationship of the tested joints exhibits a significant inelastic nonlinear response. The paper concludes with the comparison of the tested joints in terms of strength and stiffness, highlighting the advantages and weaknesses of the studied joint typologies.</abstract>

Behavior Of Beam-To-Column Connections With Angles. Part 1-Experimental Investigations

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article presents aspects related to the calculation of heat loss through the pipes of the interior central heating system. The purpose of the article is to detail the local heat losses in case of central heating systems. Based on the conclusions of the article, we propose the modification of the calculation methodology related to the building energy audit.</abstract>

Calculation Of Heat Loss Through The Pipes Of The Interior Central Heating System

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Malta is a representative model for recording and preserving archaeological remains and historical monuments. Being a historically and culturally rich location, it requires creating, maintaining and updating a database in order to keep a record of the state of degradation or the actions to restore historical monuments. One way to preserve the image and shape of a historical monument is by creating a three-dimensional model. The advantage of such a model is its visualization and keeping in a form close to the real shape of a monument in a particular moment in time. It can thus highlight the levels of wear and degradation, the eventually necessary rehabilitation works or simply reproduce the impressions that the building would actually leave on a visitor.</abstract>

Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering, 15-17 Unirii street, Romania

S.C. KRAWK S.R.L., Cluj Napoca, 12/10 Fabricii de Zahar street, Romania

The Integration Of CAD Instruments And Databases For The Historical Monuments Records In The Area Of Bighi, Malta

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In the case of light structures membrane type the form is confused with the structure and vice versa. Thus the analysis process, non-linear type, the one for form finding is also a means of optimizing these structures. To respect the natural principle of minimum it is advisable that the structure’s shape is similar to the minimum surface area. The numerical problem solving is based on using finite elements with constant strain of soap film. Based on these considerations, the paper presents aspects of determining the shape of the membrane structure using finite elements of soap film.</abstract>

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics of Structures Department, Romania

University of Oradea, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cadastre and Architecture, Civil Engineering Department, Romania

The Shape-Structure Relation For The Light Construction Membrane Type

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">From the entire globe surface which is over 13.5 billion ha, the agricultural area represents more than one quarter (means 3.4 billion ha). The cultivated areas cover approximately 1.5 billion ha, which means 8% of the total lands, to each inhabitant of the planet assuming the 0.25 ha. The most agricultural space is located in the temperate zone (about 2 billion ha), which represents 55% of agricultural space world and also here lies mostly in the sown area of the planet (830 thousand ha, 59%).</abstract>

Earth As Wealth Resource In The Crisul Repede Basin

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Intended contribution emphasizes the statics and kinematics of semi-rigid steel frames seismically acted upon. The dynamic model of analyzed structures consists of multi degree of freedom systems with lumped masses located at floor levels. The dynamic degrees of freedom are the lateral seismically induced floor displacements. A cyclic behavior of semi-rigid beam – column connections associated with the four parameters analytical bending moment <italic>M</italic> – relative rotation <italic>θr</italic> is considered. Time history seismic analyses are performed on multi-story steel planar frames equipped with several top and seat and web angle beam – column connections acted upon by recorded seismic actions. The computed numerical results refer to the contrary static and effects of semi-rigidity: the increase in lateral floor displacements accompanied by a decrease in the seismic base shear force. Relevant comments are drawn.</abstract>

Statics And Kinematics Of Semirigid Steel Frames Under Seismic Action

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The paper presents the results of numerical analysis on the effects of thermal bridges at wood frame buildings with or without thermal insulation placed on the exterior surface of the wall. The heat flow crossing the wooden thermal bridges, respectively the linear heat transfer coefficients ψ and the temperature factors fRsi, can be established based on the plane temperature field in stationary thermal regime. The “PSIPLAN” computer program used to determine the temperature field, derived from the original program “CIMPLAN” with its first version developed in 1980. The program allows graphic description of the plane section of a thermal bridge and discretizes automatically the section on both axes in accordance with the stipulations of the EN ISO 10211-1:1995 standard and EN ISO 10211:2007 standard. The computer program generates automatically the system of equations that is solved using iterative methods until the heat flows on the two surfaces of the section are balanced. The calculation results are presented with numerical values and in a graphical manner by isothermal surfaces. The program has various libraries that include several types of wood thermal bridges.</abstract>

Thermal Bridges At Wood Frame Construction

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Due to development of GPS technology and by using the combination LC of L1 and L2 frequency the first order effect of the ionosphere tends to be canceled. Thus the main source of errors in the atmosphere which causes the delay in GPS signal is the neutral part of the atmosphere, usually referred to tropospheric delay. In general, the delay is computed at the zenith direction and it is referred to zenith tropospheric delay. The zenith tropospheric delay consist of two parts: zenith hydrostatic delay and zenith wet delay. The zenith hydrostatic delay can be very well modeled which accounts for nearly 90% to 100% of the atmospheric delay. The zenith wet delay is due to the water vapor and represents the “harder” part that need to be modeled caused by “unmixed” condition of the wet atmosphere. The influence of the zenith wet delay is around 0-40 cm. The aim of the article is to present the results obtain on the network of three station which were spread around the Oradea city using different types of mapping functions. The mapping functions are: global pressure and temperature – GPT2 and Vienna mapping function – VMF1. For the vertical studies to obtain the highest accuracy, the recommended mapping function is VMF1.</abstract>

Using Different Mapping Function In GPS Processing For Remote Sensing The Atmosphere

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The recycling issues related to the construction and demolition (C&amp;D) wastes in the sustainable development and the circular economy context represent a continuous challenge for researchers. This paper reveals the possibility to recycle the hardened mortar recovered from C&amp;D wastes. Thus, the recovered hardened mortar with grains size less than 16 mm was used in the concrete structure. The compression resistance of the final concrete was determined using a Heckert 3000 KN testing machine and the results showed a better compressive strength for the samples with C&amp;D waste content than the standard sample of about 1.19 times. This is a good premise for improving the researches related to C&amp;D waste usage in concrete production.</abstract>

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Engineering of Mineral Resources, Materials and Environment, 62A Victor Babeş Street, Baia Mare City, Maramureş County, Romania

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Terrestrial Measurements and Surveying, 15 C-tin Daicoviciu Street, , 400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Research On Recycling Of Hardened Mortar From Construction And Demolition Waste

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">An issue more and more important in construction science represents the rehabilitation of structures placed on difficult soils. This paper presents the behaviour analysis of an existing structure and summarizes several consolidation solutions at both levels of a severely damaged construction placed on a shrinking and swelling soil, located in Arad County - Romania, situated on 55 Revolutiei Avenue. These types of soils are known in specialty literature as shrinking fields, expansive or active soils, having the property to modify sensitively their entire volume when there are variations of moisture, being spread on a large scale in Romania. After the assessment of seismic safety for a section of the damaged structure, which is characterized by a high risk of collapse from seismic action, reason for which it has been proposed to immediate by consolidate the damaged construction.</abstract>

University of Oradea, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Barbu Stefanescu Delavreancea Street, No.4, Oradea, Romania

“Polytechnic” University of Timisoara, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Traian Lalescu Street, No.2, Timisoara 300233, Timis, Romania

The Influence Of Foundation Soils Concernig The Behaviour Of Buildings

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Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences

 Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences (JAES) is a peer-reviewed, electronic and printed journal that publishes original, high-quality research on topics broadly related to Civil Engineering and Geodesy. The journal focuses on theoretical and application papers with especial attention to young scientists.  Aims and Scope Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences (JAES) is a scientifical journal devoted to presentation and discussion of information on the ultimate issues in the civil, installations, geodesic, electrical and energetical engineering fields. The journal addresses news and various problems which such fields confronts both national and international level. JAES is designed for scientists, researchers (including doctoral students), engineers and managers, regardless of their discipline, who are involved in scientific, technical or other issues related in the journal domains. Emphasis is placed on integrated approaches. These approaches require both technical and nontechnical factors. Even the dissemination and application of innovative information is very important, the implementation of existing literature in the JAES related topics and the address's contributions also requires a clear understanding from as many other scientific areas as possible.This journal presents original research in:  1. Geodesy:   Surveying Engineering  Geodetic Networks  Deformation Analysis  Adjustment Theory and Mathematical Geodesy  Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)  Inertial Geodesy  Geoid determination and height systems  Marine Geodesy and Satellite Altimetry  Satellite Gravimetry  Geometric Geodesy  Numerical methods and software developments in Geodesy  Geodynamics  Geophysical Geodesy   2. Civil Engineering:   Construction Engineering  Environmental Engineering  Materials Engineering  Structural Engineering  Water and Sanitary Engineering  Transportation Engineering   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 