<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">A total of 688 bacterial endophytes were isolated from both greenhouse and field-grown tomatoes in the Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran in order to obtain effective bacterial endophytes against the fungus <italic>Verticillium dahliae</italic>. 128 bacterial isolates, with respect to their different phenotypic characteristics were further analysed. All bacteria with positive hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco and geranium leaves and potato soft rot were eliminated, and totally 39 isolates were selected for in vitro antagonism and greenhouse tests. The potential biocontrol isolates were evaluated using seed treatment and soil drench methods on two tomato cultivars. The results indicated that seven bacterial isolates had a high potential for the control of the fungus and reduced the severity disease to 95-98%. This reduction was coincided with an increase in some growth factors like plant dry weight, root dry weight, plant height, root length, root fresh weight and plant fresh weight ranged between 92-98%. The seven antagonists’ preliminary identification was confirmed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing analysis. The BLAST analysis was performed, and the bacteria were also identified as <italic>Bacillus pumilus</italic> (two isolates), <italic>Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus safensis, Enterobacter ludwigi, Serratia marcesens</italic> and <italic>Pseudomonas beatica</italic>. Biocontrol mechanisms examination indicated that protease production was positive for all isolates and differentiated isolates <italic>E. ludwigii</italic> and <italic>P. beatica</italic> as higher producers with protease levels up to 65%. The three bacteriocins producing isolates inhibited the phytopathogenic mycelium up to 70% in dual culture assay. Also, five of the isolates produced siderophores and <italic>P. baetica, S. marcesens</italic> and <italic>E. ludwigii</italic> produced remarkable amount of auxin hormone.</abstract>

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch

Tomato bacterial endophytes in controlling Verticillium wilt and their advantage on biostimulation

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Understanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of <italic>Fusarium solani</italic> and <italic>Rhizoctonia solani</italic> from root and seed compared to <italic>Macrophomina phaseolina</italic> and <italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic>. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than <italic>R. solani</italic> and <italic>M. phaseolina</italic>. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.</abstract>

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen and agro-ecosystem

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Many strains of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the ability to induce the systemic resistance in several pathosystems. This study investigates the protective effect of four strains belonging to <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> (Bs168, Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) on grapevine roots of the sensitive local grapevine cultivar “Helwani” against phylloxera. Fresh roots were immersed in bacterial suspensions 0, 3, 5 and 15 hours before infesting with phylloxera eggs. Results of biometric measurements showed significant differences in the life cycle of phylloxera between treated and untreated roots. <italic>Bacillus</italic> strains negatively affected phylloxera development and reproduction. The efficiency of treatment increased when root immersion time in the bacterial suspension increased. On the other hand, there were significant differences between strains in terms of their protective effect against phylloxera, but Bs2508 strain was the most effective especially when the roots were immersed for 15 hours. This study supports previous studies in order to employing PGPR strains as biocontrol agents against pests.</abstract>

Impact of <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> strains on survival and reproduction of grapevine phylloxera

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The cowpea beetle, <italic>Callosobruchus maculatus</italic> (Fabricius), is recognized as a common insect pest of cowpea worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of ozone gas against all life stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) of <italic>C. maculatus</italic> at a concentration of 600 ppm (1.2 g/ m3) after 6 exposure times of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h under laboratory conditions. The mortality percentages of all life stages were significantly increased with increasing exposure time. Similarly, longer exposure time to ozone caused higher reduction of adult emergence from eggs, larvae and pupae. Treatment with ozone for 5 h caused egg mortality of 72.3%. Total mortality of adults was observed 5 days after treatment with ozone for 0.5 h. Moreover, treatment with ozone for 5 h resulted in 75, 100 and 94.1% reductions in adult emergence from eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. The results also indicated that the larvae and adults were more susceptible to ozone gas than the eggs and pupae. Based on the findings, ozone showed promising insecticidal activity against all stages of <italic>C. maculatus</italic> and could be used as potential fumigant for management of this insect.</abstract>

Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture

Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture

Toxicity of gaseous ozone to the different life stages of cowpea beetle, <italic>Callosobruchus maculatus</italic> (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), under laboratory conditions

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The sugarcane whitefly, <italic>Neomaskellia andropogonis</italic> Corbett (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the important pests of sugarcane in Iran. The use of selective chemical insecticides helps to suppress whitefly infestations. Although several insecticides from various groups have been registered to control whiteflies, this is the first study to test the efficacy of deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen insecticides against eggs, second instar nymphs and pupae of the sugarcane whitefly on CP69-1062 sugarcane cultivar. Five concentrations of the tested insecticides were applied in a leaf dipping bioassay under laboratory conditions. Probit analysis indicated that deltamethrin and dinotefuran with LC50 values of 50.1 and 49.5 ppm were the most toxic insecticides against eggs of <italic>N. andropogonis</italic>. Deltamethrin controlled nymphal and pupal stages more effective than the other two tested insecticides and the LC50 values were 49.7 and 5.44 ppm on nymphs and pupae, respectively. The LC50 values of dinotefuran on second instar nymphs and pupae were 564.7 and 78.7 ppm and the values were 270.9 and 18.3 ppm for spiromesifen, respectively. The results support the use of the insecticides in rotation according to their different mode of action in integrated pest management programs of the sugarcane whitefly <italic>N. andropogonis</italic>.</abstract>

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture

Department of Plant Protection, Sugarcane & Byproducts Development Company

Insecticidal effect of deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen against the sugarcane whitefly <italic>Neomaskellia andropogonis</italic> on CP69-1062 sugarcane cultivar

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Hellenic Plant Protection Journal

 The Hellenic Plant Protection Journal (HPPJ) (ISSN 1791-3691) is the scientific publication of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) replacing the Annals of the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (ISSN 1790-1480) which had been published since 1935. Starting from January 2008, the Hellenic Plant Protection Journal is published semiannually, in January and July each year.  HPPJ publishes scientific work on all aspects of plant health and plant protection referring to plant pathogens, pests, weeds, pesticides and relevant environmental and safety issues. In addition, the topics of the journal extend to aspects related to pests of public health in agricultural and urban areas.  Papers submitted for publication can be either in the form of a complete research article or in the form of a sufficiently documented short communication (including new records). Only original articles which have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere are considered for publication in the journal. Review articles in related topics, either submitted or invited by the Editorial Board, are also published, normally one article per issue. Upon publication all articles are copyrighted by the BPI.  Manuscripts should be prepared according to instructions available to authors and submitted in electronic form through Editorial Manager. All submitted manuscripts are considered and published after successful completion of a review procedure by two competent referees.  The content of the articles published in HPPJ reflects the view and the official position of the authors. The information and opinions contained herein have not been adopted or approved by the HPPJ Editorial Board. The HPPJ Editorial Board neither guarantees the accuracy of the information included in the published articles nor may be held responsible for the use to which information contained herein may be put.  For all parties involved in the act of publishing (the author(s), the journal editor(s), the peer reviewers, and the publisher) it is necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior. HPPJ follows the ethics statements of De Gruyter journals, which are based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Code of Conduct guidelines available at www.publicationethics.org.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal

Volume 14 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

Tomato bacterial endophytes in controlling Verticillium wilt and their advantage on biostimulation

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen and agro-ecosystem

Impact of Bacillus subtilis strains on survival and reproduction of grapevine phylloxera

Toxicity of gaseous ozone to the different life stages of cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), under laboratory conditions

Insecticidal effect of deltamethrin, dinotefuran and spiromesifen against the sugarcane whitefly Neomaskellia andropogonis on CP69-1062 sugarcane cultivar

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