<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The analysis of wine sensory descriptors is a fundamental step in the improvement of wine making, because the procedures are judged just before bottled wine is ready for consumption. Despite several contributions in the literature, traditional analysis of variance methods are not adequate to analyse sensory descriptors, because they are defined on ordinal scales. In this paper, we exploit cumulative link mixed models in a three-way full factorial design to assess the effect of prefermentative maceration, temperature and saignée on wine sensory descriptors. Using cumulative link mixed models, the bias introduced by assessors’ judgement and the ordinal scale of sensory descriptors are taken into account. The results were the following: the application of prefermentative maceration techniques did not lead to an improvement in the sensory profile of wines after a year from bottling; wines treated with saignée showed greater intensity in olfactive descriptors; and higher fermentation temperatures resulted in wines that were generally more concentrated.</abstract>

Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Italy

Department of Soil Vegetation and Forest Environment, University of Florence, Italy

On prefermentative maceration techniques: statistical analysis of sensory descriptors in Sangiovese wine

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The paper demonstrates the influence of different mineral fertilization with phosphorus and potassium on the concentration of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in the ear leaf of maize at the stage of flowering (BBCH 65) as well as the contents and accumulation of the nutrients studied in maize when fully ripe (BBCH 89). A single factor experiment was carried out in 5-year-cycle (2007-2011), in the randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted as a part of a long-term stationary trial. The investigation comprised 8 different P and K treatments: the absolute control, exclusive of one of the main nutrients (P - WPN or K - WKN), reduced amount of phosphorus and potassium (to 25% - W25 and to 50% WP50, WK50) as well as recommended amounts of basic nutrients (NPKMg - W100 and NP*KMg, P* - P* as PAPR - W100 PAPR). Evaluation of the nutriational status, performed in the ear leaf of maize at flowering stage, showed that regardless of fertilization treatment applied, the concentration of copper was lower than normative values, whereas that of manganese ranged within the optimal scope. At the same time, there was found a significant relationship between the grain yield obtained and acquisition of both copper and manganese by maize at flowering stage (stronger for manganese, r = 0.614). The total accumulation of copper and manganese in fully ripe maize was significantly differentiated as a result of mineral fertilization. The total uptake of Cu and Mn was reduced under the conditions of 10-year lack of P fertilization. Uptake reduction was considerably more advanced when K fertilization was absent for 10 years. Regardless of the experimental factor effects, more than 50% of the total copper uptake was accumulated in grain, whereas the majority of manganese was accumulated in maize leaves (50-64% of the total uptake). Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between maize grain yield and the total accumulation of copper, whereas that of manganese was observed only in 3 of 8 treatments tested (WPN, WP50 and W100 as PAPR).</abstract>

Katedra Chemii Rolnej i Biogeochemii Środowiska, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625 Poznań, Poland

Poldanor SA, Dworcowa 25, 77-320 Przechlewo, Poland

Katedra Metod Matematycznych i Statystycznych, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

Copper and manganese acquisition in maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L) under different P and K fertilization

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">A method of discriminant variable determination was used to visualize the division of oak trees into Kraft classes. Usual discriminant variables and several types of kernel discriminant variables were studied. For this purpose the traits of oak (<italic>Quercus</italic> L.) trees, measured on standing trees, were used. These traits included height of tree, breast height diameter and crown projection area. The use of the Gaussian kernel and modified Gaussian kernel enabled the clearest division into Kraft classes. In particular, the latter method proved to be the most effective.</abstract>

Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

Department of Forest Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland

Allocation of oaks to Kraft classes based on linear and nonlinear kernel discriminant variables

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The aim of this paper is to present the comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a one-year study of protein yield for two types of hybrid maize cultivars under different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and doses of magnesium. The field trial was conducted in 2010 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Swadzim (Poland). The results obtained were analyzed in terms of three randomization-derived models of observations. Consideration was given to three mixed systems, which are combinations of split-plot design, split-block design and randomized complete block design. The relative efficiency of the designs with respect to estimation of some comparisons among treatment combination effects was examined. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization.</abstract>

Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland

Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland

The comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a three-factor trial on hybrid maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.) cultivars

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">An analysis is made of the possibility of reducing numbers of measurements in DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) trials on varieties of white mustard and oilseed rape, based on the results of DUS trials performed in the years 2005–2009 by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing. It is shown that, when decisions are taken after three years of testing, it is possible to decrease the number of measurements by 50%, with the decisions practically unchanged for both considered species. For so-called early decisions (after two years of testing) the distinctness decisions are again practically the same for full and reduced data, although the decisions concerning uniformity differ significantly. This means that the number of measurements can be reduced only in cases where DUS testing is continued for three years.</abstract>

Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland

The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing at Słupia Wielka, Słupia Wielka 63-022, Poland

The dependence of DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) decisions concerning white mustard and oilseed rape varieties on the number of measurements

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Biometrical Letters

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Biometrical Letters

Volume 53 (2016): Issue 1 (June 2016)

On prefermentative maceration techniques: statistical analysis of sensory descriptors in Sangiovese wine

Copper and manganese acquisition in maize (Zea mays L) under different P and K fertilization

Allocation of oaks to Kraft classes based on linear and nonlinear kernel discriminant variables

The comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a three-factor trial on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars

The dependence of DUS (distinctness, uniformity and stability) decisions concerning white mustard and oilseed rape varieties on the number of measurements

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