This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Agyeman-Duah, Ivor. 2015. “Race and the Great Expectations.” In Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African Leaders, edited by Abdul Karim Bangura, 27-40. Lanham: University Press of America.Agyeman-DuahIvor2015“Race and the Great Expectations.”Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African LeadersAbdulKarim Bangura2740LanhamUniversity Press of AmericaSearch in Google Scholar
Banjo, Adewale. 2010. “U.S. Development Diplomacy in Africa: From Bill Clinton to George W. Bush.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 4 (4): 140-149.BanjoAdewale2010“U.S. Development Diplomacy in Africa: From Bill Clinton to George W. Bush.”African Journal of Political Science and International Relations44140149Search in Google Scholar
Cheeseman, Nic. 2014. “Are newspapers on their way out?” The Sunday Nation. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/Media-Newspapers-Kenya-Daily-Nation/440808-2262878-1qk61u/index.html.CheesemanNic2014“Are newspapers on their way out?”The Sunday Nation.Accessed February 24, 2018https://www.nation.co.ke/oped/opinion/Media-Newspapers-Kenya-Daily-Nation/440808-2262878-1qk61u/index.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Dijk, Teun van. 1988. News as Discourse. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.DijkTeun van1988News as Discourse.HillsdaleLawrence Erlbaum AssociatesSearch in Google Scholar
Dumbuya, Peter A. 2015. “Continuity or Change in US Relations with Africa during the Obama Presidency.” In Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African Leaders, edited by Abdul Karim Bangura, 1-26. Lanham: University Press of America.DumbuyaPeter A.2015“Continuity or Change in US Relations with Africa during the Obama Presidency.”Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African LeadersAbdulKarim Bangura126LanhamUniversity Press of AmericaSearch in Google Scholar
Freedom House. 2016. Freedom of the Press 2016, Country Report on Kenya. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/kenya.FreedomHouse2016Freedom of the Press 2016, Country Report on Kenya.Accessed February 24, 2018https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/kenyaSearch in Google Scholar
GeoPoll. 2015. Data on Newspaper, Magazine Readership in Kenya. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://blog.geopoll.com/data-on-newspaper-magazine-readership-in-kenya.GeoPoll2015Data on Newspaper, Magazine Readership in Kenya.Accessed February 24, 2018http://blog.geopoll.com/data-on-newspaper-magazine-readership-in-kenyaSearch in Google Scholar
Hesse, Brian J. 2005. “Celebrate or Hold Suspect? Bill Clinton and George W. Bush in Africa.” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 23 (3): 327-344.HesseBrian J.2005“Celebrate or Hold Suspect? Bill Clinton and George W. Bush in Africa.”Journal of Contemporary African Studies23332734410.1080/01426390500273817Search in Google Scholar
Holland, Jack. 2016. “Obama as Modern Jeffersonian.” In The Obama Doctrine: A Legacy of Continuity in US Foreign Policy?, edited by Michelle Bentley, and Jack Holland, 40-53. New York: Routledge. Quotations in the presented text are from an author produced version. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/95843/.HollandJack2016“Obama as Modern Jeffersonian.”The Obama Doctrine: A Legacy of Continuity in US Foreign Policy?MichelleBentleyJackHolland4053New YorkRoutledge. Quotations in the presented text are from an author produced versionAccessed February 24, 2018http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/95843/10.4324/9781315731346-4Search in Google Scholar
Ilo, Saidat. 2015. “Economic Aid.” In Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African Leaders, edited by Abdul Karim Bangura, 281-294. Lanham: University Press of America.IloSaidat2015“Economic Aid.”Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African LeadersAbdul KarimBangura281294LanhamUniversity Press of AmericaSearch in Google Scholar
Joselow, Gabe. 2013. “US Official Says Kenya‘s Elections Have ‚Consequences‘.” Voice of America. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://www.voanews.com/aZus-official-says-kenya-elections-have-consequences/1599063.html.JoselowGabe2013“US Official Says Kenya‘s Elections Have ‚Consequences‘.”Voice of America.Accessed February 24, 2018https://www.voanews.com/aZus-official-says-kenya-elections-have-consequences/1599063.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Lawson, Letitia. 2007. “U.S. Africa Policy since the Cold War.” Strategic Insights 6 (1): 1-14. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/11266/law-sonJan07.pdf?sequence=1.LawsonLetitia2007“U.S. Africa Policy since the Cold War.”Strategic Insights61114Accessed February 24, 2018https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/11266/law-sonJan07.pdf?sequence=1Search in Google Scholar
Mabera, Faith. 2016. “Kenya‘s Foreign Policy in Context (1963–2015).” South African Journal of International Affairs 23 (3): 365-384.MaberaFaith2016“Kenya‘s Foreign Policy in Context (1963–2015).”South African Journal of International Affairs23336538410.1080/10220461.2016.1254677Search in Google Scholar
Machar, Benjamin Aciek. 2015. “Kenyan Politics.” In Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African Leaders, edited by Abdul Karim Bangura, 189-221. Lanham: University Press of America.MacharBenjamin Aciek2015“Kenyan Politics.”Assessing Barack Obama’s Africa Policy. Suggestions for Him and African LeadersAbdul KarimBangura189221LanhamUniversity Press of AmericaSearch in Google Scholar
Maina, Priscilla Wangui. 2005. Terrorism, Democratisation, and American Foreign Policy towards Kenya: 1990 – Present. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/1780.MainaPriscilla Wangui2005Terrorism, Democratisation, and American Foreign Policy towards Kenya: 1990 – Present.Unpublished MA Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesAccessed February 24, 2018http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/1780Search in Google Scholar
Mathenge, Oliver, Samuel Siringi, and David Mugony. 2008. “Obama bonus is coming to Kenya.” The Daily Nation. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-488472-kn656rz/index.html.MathengeOliverSamuelSiringiDavidMugony2008“Obama bonus is coming to Kenya.”The Daily Nation.Accessed February 24, 2018https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-488472-kn656rz/index.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Mezzell, Ann. 2010. “US Policy Shifts on Sub-Saharan Africa. An Assessment of Contending Predictions.” Air and Space Power Journal - Africa and Francophonie 1 (4): 79-96. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ_French/journals_E/Volume-01_Issue-4/mezzell_e.pdf.MezzellAnn2010“US Policy Shifts on Sub-Saharan Africa. An Assessment of Contending Predictions.”Air and Space Power Journal - Africa and Francophonie147996Accessed February 24, 2018http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ_French/journals_E/Volume-01_Issue-4/mezzell_e.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Miskimmon, Alister, Ben O’Loughlin, and Laura Roselle. 2012. Forging the World: Strategic Narratives and International Relations. London: Royal Holloway University. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/127762/16079410/1326798495050/Forging+the+World+Working+Paper+2012.pdf?token=FzIoX39eqIRlx80uLHEZl3ZTcRo%3D.MiskimmonAlisterBenO’LoughlinLauraRoselle2012Forging the World: Strategic Narratives and International Relations.LondonRoyal Holloway UniversityAccessed February 24, 2018http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/127762/16079410/1326798495050/Forging+the+World+Working+Paper+2012.pdf?token=FzIoX39eqIRlx80uLHEZl3ZTcRo%3DSearch in Google Scholar
Miskimmon, Alister, Ben O’Loughlin, and Laura Roselle. 2013. Strategic Narratives. Communication Power and the New World Order. New York: Routledge.MiskimmonAlisterBenO’LoughlinLauraRoselle2013Strategic Narratives. Communication Power and the New World Order.New YorkRoutledgeSearch in Google Scholar
Moegi, Bosire R. 1993. Kenya - U.S. Relations: An Interplay Of National Interest, 1963 - 1991. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Nairobi, Department Of Government. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/19382/Moe-gi_Kenya%20-%20U.S.%20Relations%20%20An%20Interplay%20Of%20National%20Interest%20%2c%201963%20-%201991.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.MoegiBosire R.1993Kenya - U.S. Relations: An Interplay Of National Interest, 1963 - 1991.Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Nairobi, Department Of GovernmentAccessed February 24, 2018http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/19382/Moe-gi_Kenya%20-%20U.S.%20Relations%20%20An%20Interplay%20Of%20National%20Interest%20%2c%201963%20-%201991.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=ySearch in Google Scholar
Munyi, Elijah Nyaga. 2018. “Obama Delivers for Kenya: On Business.” In The World Views of the Obama Era: From Hope to Disillusionment, edited by Matthias Maass, 49-64. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.MunyiElijah Nyaga2018“Obama Delivers for Kenya: On Business.”The World Views of the Obama Era: From Hope to DisillusionmentMatthiasMaass4964ChamPalgrave Macmillan10.1007/978-3-319-61076-4_4Search in Google Scholar
Nyabuga, George, and Nancy Booker. 2013. Mapping Digital Media: Kenya. London: The Open Society Foundations. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-kenya-20130321.pdf.NyabugaGeorgeNancyBooker2013Mapping Digital Media: Kenya.LondonThe Open Society FoundationsAccessed February 24, 2018https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/mapping-digital-media-kenya-20130321.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Nye, Joseph S. Jr. 2004. Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.NyeJoseph S. Jr.2004Soft Power. The Means to Success in World Politics.New YorkPublic AffairsSearch in Google Scholar
Obala, Luke. 2014. The Myths and Realities of Kenya’s turning to the East. Doha: Al Jazeera Center for Studies. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://studies.aljazeera.net/mritems/Documents/2014/5/22/201452212924830734Kenya%20and%20China.pdf.ObalaLuke2014The Myths and Realities of Kenya’s turning to the East.DohaAl Jazeera Center for StudiesAccessed February 24, 2018http://studies.aljazeera.net/mritems/Documents/2014/5/22/201452212924830734Kenya%20and%20China.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Obama, Barack. 2009. “The Ghana Speech.” Huffington Post. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/11/obama-ghana-speech-full-t_n_230009.html.ObamaBarack2009“The Ghana Speech.”Huffington Post.Accessed February 24, 2018https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/11/obama-ghana-speech-full-t_n_230009.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Pflanz, Mike. 2013. “British Envoy to Attend Uhuru Kenyatta‘s Inauguration.” The Telegraph. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindi-anocean/kenya/9971734/British-envoy-to-attend-Uhuru-Kenyattas-inauguration.html.PflanzMike2013“British Envoy to Attend Uhuru Kenyatta‘s Inauguration.”The Telegraph.Accessed February 24, 2018http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindi-anocean/kenya/9971734/British-envoy-to-attend-Uhuru-Kenyattas-inauguration.htmlSearch in Google Scholar
Phillips, Nelson, and Cynthia Hardy. 2002. Discourse Analysis. Investigating Processes of Social Construction. SAGE University Papers Series on Qualitative Research Methods, vol. 50. SAGE: Thousand Oaks.PhillipsNelsonCynthiaHardy2002Discourse Analysis. Investigating Processes of Social Construction.SAGE University Papers Series on Qualitative Research Methods50SAGEThousand OaksSearch in Google Scholar
Rambaud, Brice. 2008. “Caught between Information and Condemnation. The Kenyan Media in the Electoral Campaigns of December 2007.” In: Les Cahiers ďAfrique de l’Est N° 38: The General Elections in Kenya, 2007, edited by Jérôme Lafargue, 57–107. Nairobi: Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://ifra-nairobi.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Cahier_38.pdf.RambaudBrice2008“Caught between Information and Condemnation. The Kenyan Media in the Electoral Campaigns of December 2007.”Les Cahiers ďAfrique de l’Est N° 38: The General Elections in Kenya, 2007JérômeLafargue57107NairobiInstitut Français de Recherche en AfriqueAccessed February 24, 2018http://ifra-nairobi.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Cahier_38.pdf10.4000/eastafrica.687Search in Google Scholar
Reporters without Borders. 2017. 2017 World Press Freedom Index. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://rsf.org/en/ranking.Reporters without Borders20172017 World Press Freedom Index.Accessed February 24, 2018https://rsf.org/en/rankingSearch in Google Scholar
Rothmyer, Karen. 2010. “A Passion for Print: Why Newspapers are Thriving in Kenya.” Columbia Journalism Review online. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://www.cjr.org/feature/a_passion_for_print.php.RothmyerKaren2010“A Passion for Print: Why Newspapers are Thriving in Kenya.”Columbia Journalism Review online.Accessed February 24, 2018http://www.cjr.org/feature/a_passion_for_print.phpSearch in Google Scholar
Rye Olsen, Gorm. 2017. “Obama and US Policy towards Africa: A Study in Failure?” International Politics 54 (1): 73–88.Rye OlsenGorm2017“Obama and US Policy towards Africa: A Study in Failure?”International Politics541738810.1057/s41311-017-0018-zSearch in Google Scholar
Unger, David. 2016. “The Foreign Policy Legacy of Barack Obama.” The International Spectator 51 (4): 1-16. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/unger.pdf.UngerDavid2016“The Foreign Policy Legacy of Barack Obama.”The International Spectator514116Accessed February 24, 2018http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/unger.pdf10.1080/03932729.2016.1227914Search in Google Scholar
Waters, Robert Anthony. 2009. Historical Dictionary of United States-Africa Relations. Lanham: Scarecrow Press.WatersRobert Anthony2009Historical Dictionary of United States-Africa Relations.LanhamScarecrow PressSearch in Google Scholar
Weldes, Jutta. 2006. “High Politics and Low Data.” In Interpretation and Method. Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Dvora Yanow, and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, 176-186. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.WeldesJutta2006“High Politics and Low Data.”Interpretation and Method. Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive TurnDvoraYanowPeregrineSchwartz-Shea176186ArmonkM. E. SharpeSearch in Google Scholar
White, Laura. 2010. What Kind of Change for Africa? U.S. Policy in Africa under the Obama Administration. Paris: Institut des Relations Internationales et Strategiques. Accessed February 24, 2018. http://www.iris-france.org/docs/kfm_docs/docs/2010-04-obama-africa.pdf.WhiteLaura2010What Kind of Change for Africa? U.S. Policy in Africa under the Obama Administration.ParisInstitut des Relations Internationales et StrategiquesAccessed February 24, 2018http://www.iris-france.org/docs/kfm_docs/docs/2010-04-obama-africa.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
White House. 2012. U.S. Strategy toward Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: The White House. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/209377.pdf.WhiteHouse2012U.S. Strategy toward Sub-Saharan Africa.WashingtonThe White HouseAccessed February 24, 2018https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/209377.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth. 1996. “The Genesis of Racist Discourse in Austria since 1989.” In Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. Texts and Practices, edited by Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard, and Malcolm Coulthard, 107-128. London: Routledge.WodakRuth1996“The Genesis of Racist Discourse in Austria since 1989.”Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. Texts and PracticesCarmen RosaCaldas-CoulthardMalcolmCoulthard107128LondonRoutledgeSearch in Google Scholar
