Are Eastern Baltic Ports the drivers of Eurasian trade?

Elena Efimova; Svetlana Vroblevskaya

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Are Eastern Baltic Ports the drivers of Eurasian trade?

Elena Efimova

Svetlana Vroblevskaya

| 30 sept. 2019

International Journal of Management and Economics

Édition 55 (2019): Edition 3 (September 2019)

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Article Category: Empirical Paper

Publié en ligne: 30 sept. 2019

Pages: 268 - 281

Reçu: 25 sept. 2019

Accepté: 08 oct. 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2019-0014

Mots clés
Eastern Baltic Seaports, Eurasian trade, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, cargo transport, regional economic development

© 2019 Elena Efimova et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

The Belt and Road Initiative’s transport routes.Source: Official website of Belt and Road Initiative.

Major ports of Baltic States.Source: Baltic States and neighboring territories.

(A) China’s imports. (B) China’s exports.

Poland’s import and export (mln. US$)

	Poland’s imports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	19,301	22,993	22,380	23,448	26,474	21,197
Russia	25,261	23,406	14,359	11,537	14,761	19,215
Kazakhstan	590	1,719	948	538	921	2,135

	Poland’s exports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	2,120	2,251	2,017	1,911	2,305	2,488
Russia	10,805	9,408	5,707	5,787	6,947	7,971
Kazakhstan	597	571	402	326	478	518

Finland’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

	Finland’s imports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	4,856	4,856	4,856	4,856	4,856	4,856
Russia	13,929	13,929	13,929	13,929	13,929	13,929
Kazakhstan	635	635	635	635	635	635

	Finland’s exports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	3,495	3,205	2,666	2,850	3,729	4,022
Russia	7,023	6,069	3,444	3,234	3,796	3,780
Kazakhstan	209	227	141	126	103	122

Number of papers on the BRI in SSCI/SCI/SCIE journals

Keywords		Number of papers

		2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	Sum
BRI		–	–	–	3	18	4	25
Transport and logistics	BRI	–	–	–	2	4	2	8

Sweden’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

	Sweden’s imports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	6,720	7,292	6,987	6,512	6,972	9,027
Russia	7,051	7,938	4,521	3,660	4,375	5,511
Kazakhstan	17	16	7	15	13	10

	Sweden’s exports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

China	6,004	5,771	5,321	5,336	6,813	7,710
Russia	3,531	3,145	1,702	1,659	2,136	2,195
Kazakhstan	148	92	82	147	103	90

Exports and imports of Baltic States (mln. US$)

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

	Lithuania’s imports						Lithuania’s exports

China	751	884	806	784	929	1,010	117	135	113	136	202	223
Russia	9,784	7,621	4,597	3,958	4,059	5,386	6,467	6,755	3,479	3,374	4,449	4,682
Kazakhstan	200	717	318	318	1,010	1,010	586	545	430	317	473	445

	Latvia’s imports						Latvia’s exports

China	446	468	461	444	498	581	111	140	120	130	157	177
Russia	1,405	1,356	1,192	1,051	1,181	1,496	1,551	1,457	927	871	1,185	1,338
Kazakhstan	52	43	12	7	8	11	80	64	47	43	41	47

	Estonia’s imports						Estonia’s exports

China	1,466	1,506	1,262	1,262	1,471	814	157	204	171	191	248	219
Russia	1,873	2,161	1,544	1,150	1,348	1,701	3,274	2,473	1,346	1,302	1,579	1,033
Kazakhstan	70	98	61	48	59	3	170	138	47	38	53	41

Foreign trade of Baltic States with Russia and China: comparative analysis, ratio

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Lithuania’s imports	13.03	8.62	5.70	5.05	4.37	5.33
Lithuania’s exports	55.27	50.04	30.79	24.81	22.02	21.00
Latvia’s imports	3.15	2.90	2.59	2.37	2.37	2.57
Latvia’s exports	13.97	10.41	7.73	6.70	7.55	7.56
Estonia’s imports	1.28	1.43	1.22	0.91	0.92	2.09
Estonia’s exports	20.85	12.12	7.87	6.82	6.37	4.72

Number of papers on the BRI in China’s CSSCI journals

Keywords		Number of papers

		2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Sum
Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB)		1	8	73	167	102	351
Maritime Silk Road (MSR)		1	3	22	76	46	148
Belt Road Initiative (BRI)		–	–	11	397	350	758
Sum		2	11	106	640	498	1,257
Transport	SREB	1	–	7	15	11	34
	MSR	–	–	1	2	2	5
	BRI	–	–	–	11	14	25
Sum		1	0	8	28	27	64
Logistics	SREB	–	–	1	4	7	12
	MSR	–	–	–	1	–	1
	BRI	–	–	–	7	2	9
Sum		0	0	1	12	9	22

Container handling in DCT Gdansk, 2013–2018

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
TEU	1,177,623	1,212,054	1,091,202	1,299,373	1,580,508	1,948,974
Tones	9,745,259	10,366,114	10,706,301	13,398,464	16,412,887	19,850,762

China–Nordics bilateral trade (mln. US$)

	China’s imports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

Sweden	6,987	6,792	6,417	6,158	7,884	8,947
Denmark	3,376	4,057	4,095	4,238	4,212	4,389
Finland	3,906	4,051	3,485	3,455	4,259	4,776
Norway	3,468	4,469	4,146	3,231	3,129	3,418

	China’s exports

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018

Sweden	6,799	7,168	7,099	6,310	7,026	8,254
Denmark	5,711	6,548	6,151	5,404	6,511	7,298
Finland	5,832	5,099	3,541	2,875	2,846	3,086
Norway	2,737	2,731	2,857	2,600	2,489	2,652

Container turnover in the ports of the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, TEU

Port	Container turnover

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
St. Petersburg	2,514,440	2,374,876	1,715,139	1,745,182	1,920,650	2,130,721
Klaipeda	402,747	450,428	392,674	443,312	472,000	750,000
Riga	381,099	387,603	355,241	385,937	445,984	469,342
Tallinn	253,627	260,293	208,784	202,327	230,409	241,001
Kaliningrad	322,624	325,189	179,378	189,180	239,198	276,429
Ust-Luga	64,000	106,757	89,820	83,934	75,262	69,131
Liepaja	4,523	3,615	3,669	2,312	3,829	2,991

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Are Eastern Baltic Ports the drivers of Eurasian trade?

Article Category: Empirical Paper

Publié en ligne: 30 sept. 2019

Pages: 268 - 281

Reçu: 25 sept. 2019

Accepté: 08 oct. 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2019-0014

Mots clés
Eastern Baltic Seaports, Eurasian trade, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, cargo transport, regional economic development

© 2019 Elena Efimova et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Poland’s import and export (mln. US$)

Finland’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

Number of papers on the BRI in SSCI/SCI/SCIE journals

Sweden’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

Exports and imports of Baltic States (mln. US$)

Foreign trade of Baltic States with Russia and China: comparative analysis, ratio

Number of papers on the BRI in China’s CSSCI journals

Container handling in DCT Gdansk, 2013–2018

China–Nordics bilateral trade (mln. US$)

Container turnover in the ports of the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, TEU

Are Eastern Baltic Ports the drivers of Eurasian trade?

Article Category: Empirical Paper

Publié en ligne: 30 sept. 2019

Pages: 268 - 281

Reçu: 25 sept. 2019

Accepté: 08 oct. 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2019-0014

Mots clésEastern Baltic Seaports, Eurasian trade, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, cargo transport, regional economic development

© 2019 Elena Efimova et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Poland’s import and export (mln. US$)

Finland’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

Number of papers on the BRI in SSCI/SCI/SCIE journals

Sweden’s imports and exports (mln. US$)

Exports and imports of Baltic States (mln. US$)

Foreign trade of Baltic States with Russia and China: comparative analysis, ratio

Number of papers on the BRI in China’s CSSCI journals

Container handling in DCT Gdansk, 2013–2018

China–Nordics bilateral trade (mln. US$)

Container turnover in the ports of the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, TEU

Mots clés
Eastern Baltic Seaports, Eurasian trade, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, cargo transport, regional economic development