[ADACHI, M., SATO, A., ITO, T. and KONNO, T. (1980): Stand density and growth progression of a second growth stand of Betula. Trans. Meet. Hokkaido Br. Jpn. For. Soc. 28: 23-25. (in Japanese).]Search in Google Scholar
[AAGAARD, J. E., KRUTOVSKII, K. V. and STRAUSS, S. H. (1998): RAPDs and allozymes exhibit similar levels of diversity and differentiation among populations and races of Douglas-fir. Heredity 81: 69-78.10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00355.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[AGA, E., BRYNGELSSON, T., BEKELE, E. and SALOMON, B. (2003): Genetic diversity of forest arabica coffee (Coffee arabica L.) in Ethiopia as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Hereditas 138: 36-46.10.1034/j.1601-5223.2003.01636.x12830983]Search in Google Scholar
[ALLNUTT, T. R., NEWTON, A. C., LARA, A., PREMOLI, A., ARMESTO, J. J., VERGRA, R. and GARDNER, M. (1999): Genetic variation in Fitzroya cupressoides (alerce), a threatened South American conifer. Mol. Ecol. 8: 975-987.]Search in Google Scholar
[BARTISH, IV., JEPPSSON, N. and NYBOM, H. (1999): Population genetic structure in the dioecious pioneer plant species Hippophae rhamnoides investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Mol. Ecol. 8: 791-802. ]Search in Google Scholar
[DAWSON, I. K., SIMONS, A. J., WAUGH, R. and POWELL, W. (1995): Diversity and genetic differentiation among subpopulations of Gliricidia sepium revealed by PCR-based assays. Heredity 74: 10-18.10.1038/hdy.1995.27531677]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[EXCOFFIER, L., SMOUSE, P. E. and QUATTRO, J. M. (1992): Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distance among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131: 479-491.10.1093/genetics/131.2.47912050201644282]Search in Google Scholar
[GEBUREK, T. (1997): Isozyme and DNA markers in gene conservation of forest trees. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 1639-1654.10.1023/A:1018330906758]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[GILLIES, A. C., CORNELIUN, J. P., NEWTON, A. C., NAVARRO, C., HERNÁNDEZ, M. and WILSON, J. (1997): Genetic variation in Costa Rican populations of the tropical timber species Cedrela odorata L., assessed using RAPDs. Mol. Ecol. 6: 1133-1145.10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00287.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[GOWER, J. C. (1966): Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53: 325-338.10.1093/biomet/53.3-4.325]Search in Google Scholar
[GUSTAFSON, D. J., GIBSON, D. J. and NICKRENT, D. L. (1999): Random amplified polymorphic DNA variation among remnant big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) populations from Arkansas’ Grand Prairie. Mol. Ecol. 8: 1693-1701.]Search in Google Scholar
[HAMRICK, J. L. and GODT, M. L. W. (1989): Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resource. Edited by BROWN, A. H. D., CLEGG, M. T., KAHLER, A. L. and WEIR, B. S., Sinauer. Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts. Pp. 43-63.]Search in Google Scholar
[HAMRICK, J. L., GODT, M. J. W. and SHERMAN-BROYLES, S. L. (1992): Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New For. 6: 95-124.10.1007/BF00120641]Search in Google Scholar
[HASEGAWA, M. (1998): Effect of weeding and salvage cutting on Monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana Regel) growing in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations in snowy regions. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 80: 223-228. (in Japanese with English abstract).]Search in Google Scholar
[HASEGAWA, M. and TAIRA, H. (2000): The characteristics of species composition of the hardwoods established on Cryptomeria japonica plantations in heavy snow regions. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 82: 28-33. (in Japanese with English abstract).]Search in Google Scholar
[HOLSINGER, K. T., LEWIS, P. O. and DEY, D. K. (2002): A Bayesian approach to inferring population structure from dominant markers. Mol. Ecol. 11: 1157-1164.10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01512.x12074723]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[HUFF, D. R., PEAKALL, R. and SMOUSE, P. E. (1993): RAPD variation within and among natural populations of outcrossing buffalograss [Buchoë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm]. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: 927-934.]Search in Google Scholar
[JORDANO, P. and GODOY, J. (2000): RAPD variation and population genetic structure in Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae), an animal- dispersed tree. Mol. Ecol. 9: 1293-1305.10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01009.x10972769]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[KADO, E., SAWADA, H., IGARASHI, Y., KABAYA, H. and IDE, Y. (2002): Allozyme variations in Betula maximowicziana Regel. populations at Chichibu mountains. Bull. Tokyo Univ. For. 107: 93-98. (in Japanese with English abstract).]Search in Google Scholar
[KANETANI, S., WATANABE, A., SHIRAISHI, S., GYOKUSEN, K. and SAITO, A. (1997): Study on genetic variation of Melia azedarch Linn. populations in Kyushu area using RAPD markers. Bull. Kyushu Univ. For. 70: 1-9. (in Japanese with English abstract).]Search in Google Scholar
[LANGELLA, O. (2002): Populations 1.2.28: Population genetic software (individuals or populations distances, phylogenetic trees). France. http://www.cnrs-gif.fr/pge/bioinfo/populations/index.php?lang=en&doc=populations.]Search in Google Scholar
[LACERDA, D. R., ACEDO, M. D. P., LEMOS FILHO, J. P. and LOVATO, M. B. (2001): Genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Plathymenia reticulata (Mimosoideae), a tropical tree from the Brazilian Cerrado. Mol. Ecol. 10: 1143-1152.]Search in Google Scholar
[LEWONTIN, R. C. (1972): The apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology 6: 381-398.]Search in Google Scholar
[LYNCH, M. and MILLIGAN, B. G. (1994): Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Mol. Ecol. 3: 91-99.10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00109.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[MAKI, M. and HORIE, S. (1999): Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers reveal less genetic variation in the endangered plant Cerastium fisherianum var. molle than in the widespread conspecific C. fisherianum var. fisherianum (Caryophyllaceae). Mol. Ecol. 8: 145-150.]Search in Google Scholar
[MOSSELLER, A., EGGER, K. N. and HUGHES, G. A. (1992): Low level of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Can. J. For Res. 22: 1332-1337.]Search in Google Scholar
[NESBITT, K. A., POTTS, B. M., VAILLANCOURT, R. E., WEST, A. K. and REID, J. B. (1995): Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). Heredity 74: 628-637.10.1038/hdy.1995.86]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[OHWI, J. (1965): Flora of Japan. Shinbundo, Tokyo, 1566 pp. (in Japanese).]Search in Google Scholar
[OIKI, S., KAWAHARA, T., INOUE, K., OHARA, M. and MAKI, M. (2001): Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among populations of the insular endemic plant Campanula microdonta (Campanulaceae). Annals of Botany 87: 661-667.10.1006/anbo.2001.1389]Search in Google Scholar
[OSUMI, K. and SAKURAI, S. (1997): Seedling emergence of Betula maximowicziana following human disturbance and the role of buried viable seeds. For. Ecol. Mange. 93: 235-243.10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03963-1]Search in Google Scholar
[PARANI, M. and PARIDA, A. (1997): Allozyme and RAPD polymorphism in Tylophora indica (Brum. f.) Merr. Journal of plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 6: 29-33.10.1007/BF03263005]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[PEAKALL, R., SMOUSE, P. E. and HUFF, D. R. (1995): Evolutionary implications of allozyme and RAPD variation in diploid populations of dioecious buffalograss Buchloë dactyloides. Mol. Ecol. 4: 135-147.10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00203.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[PEAKALL, R. and SMOUSE, P. E. (2001): GENALEx V5.1: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Australian National University. Canberra. Australia. http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/GenAlEx/.]Search in Google Scholar
[PETIT, R. J., MOUSADIK, A. E. and PONS, A. O. (1998): Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conservation Biology 12: 844-855.10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96489.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[RAMSER, J., LÓPEZ-PERALTA, C., WETZEL, R., WEISING, K. and KAHL, G. (1996): Genomic variation and relationships in aerial yam (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genome 39: 17-25.10.1139/g96-00318469875]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[SAITO, Y., SHIRAISHI, S., TANIMOTO, T., YIN, L., WATANABE, S. and IDE, Y. (2002).: Genetic diversity of Populus euphratica in northwestern China determined by RAPD DNA analysis. New For. 23: 97-10310.1023/A:1015605928414]Search in Google Scholar
[SCHIERENBECK, K. A., SKUUPSKI, M., LIEBERMAN, D. and LIEBERMAN, M. (1997): Population structure and genetic diversity in four tropical tree species in Costa Rica. Mol. Ecol. 6: 137-144.10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00166.x]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[VICARIO, F., VENDRAMIN, G. G., ROSSI, P., LIO, P. and GIANNINI, R. (1995): Allozyme, chloroplast DNA and RAPD markers for determining genetic relationships between Abies alba and the relic population of Abies nebrodensis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 1012-1018.10.1007/BF0022291524173056]Search in Google Scholar
[WATANABE, S. (1989): Silvical characteristics of Betula maximowicziana. Forest tree breeding of Hokkaido 32: 15-18. (in Japanese).]Search in Google Scholar
[WILLIAMS, J. G. K., KUBELIK, A. R., LIVAK, K. L, RAFALSKI, J. A. and TINGEY, S. V. (1990): DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6531-6553.10.1093/nar/18.22.65313326061979162]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[YEH, F. C., CHONG, D. K. X. and YANG, R.-C. (1995): RAPD variation within and among natural populations of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) from Alberta. Journal of Heredity 86: 454-460.10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a1116208568211]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[YEH, F. C., YANG, R. and BOYLE, T. (1999): POPGENE: Microsoft Windows-based freeware for population genetic analysis. Release 1.31. University of Alberta. Canada. http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/index.htm.]Search in Google Scholar
