<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">We present results of the comparison of integrated precipitable water measurements from GPS solution and aerological techniques: CIMEL-318 sun-photometer and radiosoundings (RAOB). Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) - important meteorological parameter is derived from GPS tropospheric solutions by known procedure for GPS station at Polish Polar Station, Hornsund (Svalbard). The relation between 2 m temperature and the mean temperature of atmosphere above, used to convert from wet part of tropospheric delay (ZWD) to IPW, has been derived using local radiosonde data at Ny Alesund. Sunphotometer data have been provided by AERONET. Quality of dedicated tropospheric solutions has been verified by comparison with EPN tropospheric combined product. Several IPW comparisons and analyses lead to determination of systematic difference between techniques: GPS IPW and sunphotometer data (not present in case of RAOBs). IPW measured by CIMEL is on average 5% bigger (0.5 mm) than IPW from GPS. This bias changes seasonally and is a function of atmospheric temperature what signals some systematic deficiencies in solar photometry as IPW retrieval technique. CIMEL IPW show some temperature dependent bias also in relation to radiosoundings.</abstract>

Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour Measurements At Polish Polar Station Hornsund From GPS Observations Verified By Aerological Techniques

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article presents the basic rules for constructing and training neural networks called the Support Vector Machine method as well as possible applications for this kind of network. SVM networks are mainly used for solving tasks of classifying linearly and non-linearly separable data and regression. However, in recent years more applications have been found for them. The networks also solve such problems as the recognition of signals and images as well as speech identification.In this paper, non-linear SVM networks have been used for classifying linearly separable and non-separable data with a view to formulating a model of displacements of points in a measurement-control network. The points of the measurement-control network were placed on a civil engineering object located on expansive soil (linearly separable data) and represented a mining exploitation area (linearly non-separable data). The task of training SVM networks requires the use of quadratic programming in search of an optimum point of the Lagrangian function in relation to the parameters being optimised. In the case of linearly non-separable data, the SVM method makes it possible to find a hyperplane which classifies objects as correctly as possible, and at the same time is located possibly far away from concentrations typical of each class.</abstract>

The SVM Method As An Instrument For The Classification Of Vertical Displacements

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Projection of a complicated geometry of industrial objects is the complex issue, which requires properly planned and prepared measurements. Such objects must be accurately inventoried, but their complicated nature often makes the access and the visibility of their entire surface very difficult. Documentation of measurements is often prepared in the form of sketches, plans or maps, which are amended with photographic documentation. The objective of this paper is to test the possibilities to apply laser scanning and the network of digital images for inventory and monitoring of technical conditions of industrial objects. Processing of a precise documentation acquired basing on terrestrial laser scanning data or dense points clouds generated from digital images still causes many difficulties and problems. Although data processing algorithms have been intensively developed with respect to generation of high resolution orthoimages or precise vector drawings, the existing problems are still connected with limitations related to imperfections of both techniques of measurements.</abstract>

Utilisation Of Laser Scanning Technology And Digital Images For Measurements Of Industrial Objects - A Case Study

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The correctness of the geodetic service of an engineering object not seldom requires designing, alignment or renewing of geodetic situational control points. Building robots often cause that fixed situational control points are partly or completely inaccessible. For setting the position of these control points, there is worked out the methodology using the optoelectronic method. The prepared set of tools realizes the method’s assumptions and enables to determine the sides and control points based on the set of laser planes. In this article there is presented the innovative set of geodetic equipment for fixing horizontal control points. The presented set has been experimentally tested under laboratory conditions taking its functionality, operation range and applied accuracy into account. The measurement accuracy of the set of tools, resulting from identification of the energetic centres of laser planes’ edges, visualizing the sides of geodetic control networks, is within the range of ±0.02mm - ±0.05mm. There were also discussed exemplary versions of shapes and structures of horizontal geodetic control networks (regular and irregular), which are possible to be fixed with the use of the constructed set of tools.</abstract>

Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Regional Water Management Board in Wroclaw

Determination Of Horizontal Geodetic Control Networks For Engineering Objects Using Optoelectronic Techniques

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The common aim of engineering surveys is to determine deviations from rectilinearity for elongated objects. We have developed a number of methods for measuring points that represent an elongated object. These are the constant straight (optical, laser, mechanical-string) method, the trigonometric method, geometric levelling method, photogrammetric methods and terrestrial laser scanning. When taking these measurements, it is crucial to have a direct access to the survey points of the measured object. Factors impeding the measurements include: adverse lighting conditions, vibration, dust, refractory effects, lack of direct access to the survey points, etc.The authors have developed a measurement methodology and designed a measuring set for taking measurements that enable to determine the location of survey points on an elongated object.The measurement is based on the constant straight method and the measuring set consists of the horizontal levelling staff and two laser pointers. The measuring set relies on the angular intersection (fixed angle) method. Intersection occurs when two laser beams meet. To determine the location of the survey point indicated by the mentioned laser beams, we used levelling staff readings taken with the surveying instrument that establishes the reference constant straight.Experimental studies carried out in the laboratory and in the field helped to determine the accuracy of measurements taken with the designed measuring set (the accuracy was below ± 1 mm) and revealed that this accuracy is comparable to accuracies achieved with famous classical measurement methods.</abstract>

Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland

Contactless Measurement Of Rectilinearity Of An Elongated Object Based On The Example A Crane Rail

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The identification of isometric displacements of studied objects with utilization of the vector product is the aim of the analysis conducted in this paper. Isometric transformations involve translation and rotation. The behaviour of distances between check points on the object in the first and second measurements is a necessary condition for the determination of such displacements. For every three check points about the measured coordinate, one can determine the vector orthogonal to the two neighbouring sides of the triangle that are treated as vectors, using the definition of the vector product in three-dimensional space. If vectors for these points in the first and second measurements are parallel to the studied object has not changed its position or experienced translation. If the termini of vectors formed from vector products treated as the vectors are orthogonal to certain axis, then the object has experienced rotation. The determination of planes symmetric to these vectors allows the axis of rotation of the object and the angle of rotation to be found. The changes of the value of the angle between the normal vectors obtained from the first and second measurements, by exclusion of the isometric transformation, are connected to the size of the changes of the coordinates of check points, that is, deformation of the object. This paper focuses mainly on the description of the procedure for determining the translation and rotation. The main attention was paid to the rotation, due to the new and unusual way in which it is determined. Mean errors of the determined parameters are often treated briefly, and this subject requires separate consideration.</abstract>

Vector Products As A Tool For The Investigation Of The Isometric Transformation Of Objects

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In studies of movement essential element of the correctness of the obtained results is correct identification of the reference base. One method for such identification, referred to as “all-pairs method”, is to examine the insignificance of the mutual displacement of potential reference points in all combinations of pairs. It is a well known exact method of identification, but its use in practice is limited to the study of vertical displacements. In this work we present the possibility of application of this method in the study of horizontal displacements. Numerical example illustrates the calculation procedure of the proposed method.</abstract>

Identification Of The Reference Base For Horizontal Displacements By “All-Pairs Method”

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Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

 Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics (formerly Reports on Geodesy) is recognized as a semi-annual scientific journal that has appeared since 1991. The volumes of this journal had been prepared and edited by the staff of the Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy until 2008 and then during the reorganization of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography between years 2008-2011 the volumes were edited and printed by the scientists of the Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy of Warsaw University of Technology (WUT). Since 2012 the journal has been edited by the scientific staff of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of WUT.  Each paper submitted for publishing in Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics is peer-reviewed. The list of our revisers contains more than 200 scientists both from Poland as well as from other countries. Our revisers are recognized specialists from different branches of geodesy and cartography. 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Aims and ScopeReports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics in keeping with tradition, is intent on presenting the whole of technological and scientific progress taking place in modern geodesy and cartography, where research and implementation of geoinformatic character play an exceptionally important role in accelerating the development of our discipline. It is for this reason that we have decided to expand the journal’s formula so as to encourage a broader group of scientists and specialists in the realms of geodesy, computer science, cartography, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geography, geology, and related sciences who are developing new methods and technologies of geovisualization and are involved in the modeling of space applying GIS technology to collaborate with us. At the same time, the journal’s profile shall maintain the importance of other theoretical, industrial, and development research in the areas of theoretical geodesy, geodetic astronomy, navigation, and studies on displacements and the classic problems facing geodesic surveying.  Journal PoliciesThe journal provides its’ policies, which include detailed information about submission, editorial and publishing processes and guidelines for authors and reviewers. All parties are being introduced with their rights and responsibilities to ensure smooth and ethical publishing process. Visit following subsections for more details on each policy:    Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement  Open Access  Privacy Statement   Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics (formerly Reports on Geodesy) in keeping with tradition, is intent on presenting the whole of technological and scientific progress taking place in modern geodesy and cartography, where research and implementation of geoinformatic character play an exceptionally important role in accelerating the development of our discipline. It is for this reason that we have decided to expand the journal's formula so as to encourage a broader group of scientists and specialists in the realms of geodesy, computer science, cartography, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geography, geology, and related sciences who are developing new methods and technologies of geovisualization and are involved in the modeling of space applying GIS technology to collaborate with us. At the same time, the journal's profile shall maintain the importance of other theoretical, industrial, and development research in the areas of theoretical geodesy, geodetic astronomy, navigation, and studies on displacements and the classic problems facing geodesic surveying.Internet access to complete articles in an "open access" formula will significantly facilitate use by those who are interested as well as expand the circle of readers.  Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 