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Lachish River event monitored for toxicity using bioluminescent reporter organisms

Erel Lior
Erel Lior
, 
Tim Axelrod
Tim Axelrod
, 
Evgeni Eltzov
Evgeni Eltzov
, 
Ariel Kushmaro
Ariel Kushmaro
 y 
Robert S. Marks
Robert S. Marks
   | 06 feb 2018
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 06 feb 2018
Páginas: 47 - 58
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2018-0008
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© 2018 Erel Lior, Tim Axelrod, Evgeni Eltzov, Ariel Kushmaro, Robert S. Marks, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

A schematic map of the Lachish River. Letters describe the sites tested using whole cell biosensor, sites numbered were tested using conventional methods. It should be noted that both teams (Ashdod-Yavne cities association for environmental quality control and Ben Gurion University) did not coordinate testing site collections because these collection events were made without each other’s knowledge. However, it became obvious that pooling our data together would be a helpful endeavor. At Site 8,f the bioluminescence whole cell based sensor indicated a genotoxic influence, conventional methods revealed the presence of Metazachlor, that is suspected for being genotoxic; site 6,d high concentrations of coliforms were found, findings from the biosensor suggested the presence of quorum sensing molecules; with the decrease in coliform concentration towards site 2,b and farther at site 1,a, the indication for quorum sensing molecules, by the bioluminescence bacteria biosensor, decreased.
A schematic map of the Lachish River. Letters describe the sites tested using whole cell biosensor, sites numbered were tested using conventional methods. It should be noted that both teams (Ashdod-Yavne cities association for environmental quality control and Ben Gurion University) did not coordinate testing site collections because these collection events were made without each other’s knowledge. However, it became obvious that pooling our data together would be a helpful endeavor. At Site 8,f the bioluminescence whole cell based sensor indicated a genotoxic influence, conventional methods revealed the presence of Metazachlor, that is suspected for being genotoxic; site 6,d high concentrations of coliforms were found, findings from the biosensor suggested the presence of quorum sensing molecules; with the decrease in coliform concentration towards site 2,b and farther at site 1,a, the indication for quorum sensing molecules, by the bioluminescence bacteria biosensor, decreased.

Figure 2

Kinetic luminescence response of bacteria to samples. A is K802NR strain response, B is TV1061 strain response, C is DPD2794 strain response, D is DPD2544 strain response, and E is DPD1718 strain response.
Kinetic luminescence response of bacteria to samples. A is K802NR strain response, B is TV1061 strain response, C is DPD2794 strain response, D is DPD2544 strain response, and E is DPD1718 strain response.

Figure 3

Induction factor of each bacterial indicator as effected by site (n=3).
Induction factor of each bacterial indicator as effected by site (n=3).

Figure 4

Pictures taken from the Lachish River, on October 13th, 2017. 4a: Dead fish in collection point c, 4b: Dead fish under Herzl Bridge, Collection Point f/8. (T. Axelrod)
Pictures taken from the Lachish River, on October 13th, 2017. 4a: Dead fish in collection point c, 4b: Dead fish under Herzl Bridge, Collection Point f/8. (T. Axelrod)

Results of the water conventional testing of the water samples collected at the different sampling sites along Lachish River

unitsSampling siteEnvironmental guidelineMethod performed
12345678
Coliformscfu/ml87044005100260007800015000042000not tested<8 (42)SM9222D
BODmg/L8.76.97.52.5<4 (43)SM5210B
Dissolved oxygenmg/L1.10.90.81>3 (42)SM4500 OC/SM
Conductivityμs/cm171301650012700850<1500 (20°)(44)SM2510B
Gravimetric oils and fatsmg/L<5<5<5<5<1.5 (42)SM5520B
Arsenicmg/L<0.010<0.010<0.010<0.010<0.01 (42)SM3120B
Cadmiummg/L<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.005<0.025 (42)SM3120B
Leadmg/L<0.005<0.0050.0070.096<0.04 (42)SM3120B
Ammonia (NH3C)mg/L0.63.71.52.9<0.233 (45)SM4500 NHLC
Atrazinemg/Ln.d.n.d.n.d.0.0005<0.002 (42)
Diflufenicanmg/Ln.d.n.d.n.d.below LOQ
Metazachlormg/Ln.d.n.d.n.d.0.0013<0.0001 (46)
pHpH units7.527.337.297.276-8.5(30)SM4500 H+B
Phosphorusmg/L0.181.150.360.44<2 (42)Kit based in house procedure
Total carbon organicmg/L31.6626.643.581<15 (45)SM5310B
TSS in 103 upto 105mg/L11.519.51214<15 (42)SM2540D
TSS in 550mg/L<1<1<1<1<15 (42)SM2540E
TurbidityNTU2019.823.141.2<20 (45)SM2130B

List of the bioluminescence bacteria

Strain designationE. coli host strainPromoterStress sensitivityInducer used in this studyConcentrationReference
K802NRPsb1075lasINalidixc acid (gorA)Nalidixic acid100 mg/L(23)
TV1061RFM443grpEHeat shock (general stress)Ethanol0.43 M(24)
DPD2794RFM443recASOS (genotoxicity)Mitomycin C8000 ppb(25)
DPD2544W3110fabAFaty acid availabilty (general stress)Phenol5.2×10−4 M(20)
DPD1718DPD1692recASOS (genotoxicity)Mitomycin C8000 ppb(26)
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