Determination of Humectants in Tobacco Filler by High Performance Chromatography/Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

1. Maxwell, J.C.: The Maxwell Report: Year End & Fourth Quarter 2011 Sales Estimates for the Cigarette Industry; John C. Maxwell Jr, Richmond, VA, USA, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

2. Garten, S. and R.V. Falkner: Role of Mentholated Cigarettes in Increased Nicotine Dependence and Greater Risk of Tobacco-Attributable Disease; Prev. Med. 38 (2004) 793–798. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.01910.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.019Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Henningfield, J.E., N.L. Benowitz, K. Ahijevych, B.E. Garrett, G.N. Connolly, and G.F. Wayne: Does Menthol Enhance the Addictiveness of Cigarettes? An Agenda for Research; Nicotine Tob. Res.5 (2003) 9–11. DOI: 10.1080/146222003100007054310.1080/1462220031000070543Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Henningfield, J.E. and M.V. Djordjevic: Menthol Cigarettes: Research Needs and Challenges; Nicotine Tob. Res. 6 (2004) S11–S16. DOI: 10.1080/1462220031000164945010.1080/14622200310001649450Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Henningfield, J.E., J.F. Pankow, and B.E. Garrett: Ammonia and Other Chemical Base Tobacco Additives and Cigarette Nicotine Delivery: Issues and Research Needs; Nicotine Tob. Res. 6 (2004) 199–205. DOI: 10.1080/146222004200020247210.1080/1462220042000202472Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Stevenson, T. and R.N. Proctor: The Secret and Soul of Marlboro: Philip Morris and the Origins, Spread, and Denial of Nicotine Freebasing; Am. J. Public Health 98 (2008) 1184–1194. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.12165710.2105/AJPH.2007.121657Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Geiss, O. and D. Kotzias: Tobacco, Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke. An Overview; European Commission, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, 2007. Available at: http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/111111111/8885/1/7472%20-%20EUR22783EN_Geiss_Kotzias.pdf. (accessed December 2018)Search in Google Scholar

8. Wigand, J.S.: Additives, Cigarette Design and Tobacco Product Regulation. A Report to: World Health Organization, Tobacco Free Initiative, Tobacco Product Regulation Group, Kobe, Japan, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

9. Shepperd, C.J.: The Role of Humectants on the Sensory Character of Low Tar Flue-Cured Cigarettes; 1994, Bates-No. 570269981–570270000. Available at: https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/kjyn0025 (accessed December 2018).Search in Google Scholar

10. Carmines, L.E. and C.L. Gaworski: Toxicological Evaluation of Glycerin as a Cigarette Ingredient; Food Chem. Toxicol. 43 (2005) 1521–1539. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.04.01010.1016/j.fct.2005.04.010Search in Google Scholar

11. Ellis, R.O.: The Replacement of Humectants in RCB (TEG with PG and Glycerine); Philip Morris, Richmond, VA, USA, Interoffice correspondence, 1986. Bates-No. 2031469419–2031469456. Available at: https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/mqlk0037. (accessed December 2018).Search in Google Scholar

12. Heck, J.D., C.L. Gaworski, N. Rajendran, and R.L. Morrissey: Toxicologic Evaluation of Humectants Added to Cigarette Tobacco: 13-Week Smoke Inhalation Study of Glycerin and Propylene Glycol in Fisher 344 Rats; Inhal. Toxicol. 14 (2002) 1135–1152. DOI: 10.1080/0895837029008482710.1080/08958370290084827Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Baker, R.R.: A Review of Pyrolysis Studies to Unravel Reaction Steps in Burning Tobacco; J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 10 (1987) 555–573. DOI: 10.1016/0165-2370(87)85054-410.1016/0165-2370(87)85054-4Search in Google Scholar

14. Gaworski, C.L., M.J. Oldham, and C.R.E. Coggins: Toxicological Considerations on the Use of Propylene Glycol as a Humectant in Cigarettes; Toxicology 269 (2010) 54–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.00610.1016/j.tox.2010.01.00620079797Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Stevens, J.F. and C.S. Maier: Acrolein: Sources, Metabolism, and Biomolecular Interactions Relevant to Human Health and Disease; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52 (2008) 7–25. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.20070041210.1002/mnfr.200700412242334018203133Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Busch, C., T. Streibel, C. Liu, K.G. McAdam, and R. Zimmermann: Pyrolysis and Combustion of Tobacco in a Cigarette Smoking Simulator under Air and Nitrogen Atmosphere; Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 403 (2012) 419–430. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5879-910.1007/s00216-012-5879-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Baker, R.R.: The Generation of Formaldehyde in Cigarettes - Overview and Recent Experiments; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 (2006) 1799–1822. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.01710.1016/j.fct.2006.05.017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Andersson, G., E.K. Vala, and M. Curvall: The Influence of Cigarette Consumption and Smoking Machine Yields of Tar and Nicotine on the Nicotine Uptake and Oral Mucosal Lesions in Smokers: J. Oral Pathol. Med. 26 (1997) 117–123. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00033.x10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00033.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Hammond, D., G.T. Fong, K.M. Cummings, R.J. O’Connor, G.A. Giovino, and A. McNeill: Cigarettes Yields and Human Exposure: A Comparison of Alternative Testing Regimens; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 (2006) 1495–1501. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-004710.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Blake, C.: The Effect of the Humectants Glycerol and Propylene Glycol on Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke Deliveries of Acrolein, Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acetone and Propional hehyde; Philip Morris Europe, 1987. Bates-No. 2022176985–2022177022. Available at: https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/qmpy0117 (accessed December 2018).Search in Google Scholar

21. Hahn, J. and J. Schaub: Influence of Tobacco Additives on the Chemical Composition of Mainstream Smoke. Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 24 (2010) 100–116. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-088910.2478/cttr-2013-0889Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method No. 60 - Determination of 1, 2-Propylene Glycol and Glycerol in Tobacco and Tobacco Products by Gas Chromatography, 2015.Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/CRM_60-update%28July15%29.pdf. (accessed December 2018).Search in Google Scholar

23. Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method No. 61 - Determination of 1, 2-Propylene Glycol, Glycerol and Sorbitol in Tobacco and Tobacco Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); 2015. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/CRM_61-updateJuly15.pdf. (accessed December 2018)Search in Google Scholar

24. Slanski, M.J. and R.J. Moshy: Separation and Quantitative Analysis of Polyhydric Alcohol Humectants in Tobacco Products; J. Chromatog. 35 (1968) 94–98. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82354-210.1016/S0021-9673(01)82354-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Rainey, C.L., J.R. Shifflett, J.V. Goodpaster, and D.Z. Bezabeh: Quantitative Analysis of Humectants in Tobacco Products Using Gas Chromatography (GC) with Simultaneous Mass Spectrometry (MSD) and Flame Ionization Detection (FID); Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 25 (2013) 576–585. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-093410.2478/cttr-2013-0934Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Westgard, O.J.: Basic QC Practices: Training in Statistical Quality Control for Health Care Laboratories. Westgard QC Inc., Madison,WI, USA, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

27. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 3402:1999 Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999. Availalbe at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3402:ed-4:v1:en.Search in Google Scholar

28. Taylor, J.K.: Quality Assurance of Chemical Measurements; CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, UA, 1987.Search in Google Scholar

29. Eldridge A., T.R. Betson, M. Vinicius Gama, and K. McAdam: Variation in Tobacco and Mainstream Smoke Toxicant Yields from Selected Commercial Cigarette Products. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 71 (2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.00610.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.00625620723Open DOISearch in Google Scholar