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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The article is a pleading for the introduction of sensory evaluation in several areas of the food industry and its use as a valuable tool for evaluating the degree of acceptability of a food, by the consumers. A series standard guidelines of good practice used in sensory evaluation are presented, which refer both to the layout of the laboratory, as well as to the samples and to the evaluation specialists, as well as the tools used by them to describe and evaluate the sensory aspects of a food product.
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Sensory Evaluation Techniques of Food

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
An important canine virus that are spread among the dog population is the canine distemper virus (CDV) which affects domestic and wild animals all over the world, particularly due to the fact that it passes the species. Canine distemper virus is an important veterinary issue in areas with a high number of dogs that are not vaccinated against the virus and also where the disease is present in wild animals. A useful tule in diagnosis of this disease is the real time PCR that can detect the viral genome from oral swabs, ocular swabs, LCR (cerebrospinal fluid), feces or urine, depending on the clinical stage of the disease. This paper presents a reviewed analysis of three case-studies conducted by the Universities of Bari (Italy), Liège (Belgium) and Pécs (Hungary) concerning clinical manifestations of the infection with the Canine Distemper Virus and the efficiency of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in the detection of viral RNA. The emergence of CDV cases in wildlife is also explored, as is the opportunity of vaccination against CDV infection as a means of protecting domestic dogs in shelters and homes.
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Reviewed Comparative Analysis of Three Case-Studies Using RT-PCR to Detect Canine Distemper Virus

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In order to study the adaptive behavior of two tomato varieties (Solanumlicopersicum L.) Safa and Assila subjected to salt stress with concentrations of (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in (NaCl+CaCl2) during the growth phase, a morphological (number of leaves, stem length, stomatal density, length of the main root axis) and physio-biochemical (relative water content, chlorophyll pigments content, soluble sugars content) evaluation was conducted. Our results confirm the sensitivity of both varieties to applied salt stress; this sensitivity was manifested by a statistically significant decrease in: number of leaves, length of the stem and the contents of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. While, the soluble sugars content at the leaf level increased associated with an increase stomatal density on both ventral and dorsal epiderms. On the other hand, the ratio of root dry weight and shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW) was decreased with an elongation of the main root according to the different doses of salts.
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Adaptation of Two Tomato Varieties (<italic>Solanum lycopersicon</italic> L.) Under Salinity Stress

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Sheep breeding is a traditional activity in Romania and wool production has been for a long period the main resource for the farmers’ prosperity. The opportunity of this study was generated by two main aspects: the change of the exploitation directions of sheep towards milk and meat production, which contributed to the lack of interest in selection and breeding for wool and to the reduction of the productive level and quality parameters of the wool; the absence of a national standard for classifying raw wool adapted to the current breeds structure, the conditions of sheep farming and the market requirements for this animal product
An extensive study was carried out over 5 years on flocks of sheep belonging to the main local breeds Merinos de Palas, Tsigaie, Tsurcana, the newly created breeds at ICDCOC Palas Constanta respective Palas Meat Breed, Palas Milk Breed, Palas Prolific Breed as well as on some hybrids obtained through crossbreeding of new breeds with imported sheep breeds specialised for meat production (Texel and Rouge de l’ Ouest). The main goals of this study were: to establish the average level of wool production, the limits of variation and the potential for selection for wool quantity, by individual weighing of the wool fleeces harvested during the shearing season; to evaluate the wool quality level in the flocks analysed on the basis of the objective determination, by laboratory analysis on randomly collected samples, of the average fibre diameter, relative length of the staples, individual fibre length, degree of crimp, degree of impurity and the limits of variation of these quality parameters. This paper presents a summary of the values obtained for the quantity of raw wool and the fineness of wool as an essential quality parameter for the classification and valorisation of this natural resource.
The results obtained in the study revealed in general a large variability in the productivity level of local sheep breeds and their hybrids with specialised imported breeds. The existence in the analysed herds of a percentage of 40-50 % of sheep performing above the flocks average (plusvariants) shows a potential for selection for the quantitative level of wool production. Thus, for these selected flocks (lines) an additional 10.23 ≈ 24.09 % wool production can be obtained compared to the averages levels.
In terms of average fineness the analysis of the data shows that : the Palas Merino sheep, fall into the category of fine wool breeds; the three new sheep breeds created at ICDCOC Palas and the Tsigaie breed belonging to the Reghin - Mures Experimental Base have semi-fine wool (fiber diameter over 25 microns); the flock of White Tsurcana breed from the Bilciuresti - Dambovita Experimental Base falls into the category of sheep with semi coarse - coarse wool.
The range of variation in diameter was very wide for all the breeds analysed. Thus in the Palas Merino breed differences of 5-7.5 μm between the maximum and minimum diameter measured represent according to the Bradford classification (English system) a difference of 7 fineness classes . The Tsigai breed has also a large uneveness of this parameter, CV over 20 % in rams and sheep yearlings. The analysis of the data on wool diameter revealed that more than 40% of the studied sheeps had above-average fineness, they could constitute selected flocks (lines) with higher values of the main wool quality parameter that determines the market value. Thus an increase in wool fineness of 3.63 ≈ 11.52 % can be achieved within a selected flock .
The results presented showed that, under the current conditions of breeding and exploitation of sheep in the analized flocks, there is a potential of selection for wool production and for fibre diameter as the main quality parameter . Also, on the basis of the analysis carried out on the grading/classing/sorting of wool worldwide and the results obtained within this study, proposals were made to improve the quantity and increase the commercial value of wool production obtained from the sheep breeds reared in Romania.
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Evaluation of the Wool Production on Romanian Sheep Breeds

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Precision feeding, a practice involving customized diets tailored to individual nutritional requirements, has emerged as a promising paradigm within animal production, underpinned by advanced technologies and data analytics. This mini review embarks on an exploration of the evolutionary trajectory of precision feeding and its profound ramifications on animal nutrition, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare. Prominent technological advancements, exemplified by sensors and automation, have wrought transformative change across various sectors, spanning from dairy farming to poultry production. These technological innovations facilitate real-time monitoring and data accrual, thereby augmenting feed efficiency and fostering animal well-being. Environmental sustainability assumes an integral role in the precision feeding paradigm. Through the reduction of feed wastage and the minimization of nutrient excretion, it serves as a potent mitigating solution against the environmental footprint synonymous with livestock production. This entails a noteworthy reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the prevention of water pollution. The interplay between precision feeding and animal welfare is intricate and multifaceted. On one hand, it furnishes farmers with the capability to expeditiously monitor and address animal health issues. On the other hand, it poses challenges associated with social interactions and the fulfilment of individualized nutritional needs. The future trajectory of precision feeding is inherently tied to the resolution of imminent challenges, including the imperative for real-time monitoring, the development of cost-effective large-scale implementation, and comprehensive elucidation of long-term effects on animal health and welfare. The ensuing panorama portends promising prospects, encompassing the optimization of resource efficiency, diminution of environmental impacts, and the formulation of personalized nutritional strategies. In summation, precision feeding stands as a domain teeming with potential, poised to optimize both animal nutrition and the sustainability quotient within animal production. Realizing this potential hinge on the adept addressing of forthcoming challenges, coupled with the astute harnessing of emergent technologies, in our collective pursuit of a more sustainable and ethically principled agricultural landscape.
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Optimizing Animal Nutrition and Sustainability Through Precision Feeding: A Mini Review of Emerging Strategies and Technologies

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
This paperwork highlights the role that plays the animal nutrition, in terms of level and quality, in relation to interdependence with other animal welfare criteria. It is necessary to apply nutritional strategies, taking into account the optimization of feeding conditions and nutritional intakes, in order to meet the objectives of animal welfare, which must take into account both health and environmental conditions, their maintenance and their service. In this way, the administration of food and the provision of all the necessary nutrients, depending on the species, the category of production, the physiological state must be applied in such a way that each animal has the freedom to express its normal behavior under conditions of well-being.
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Nutritional Level and Quality – Condition and Component of Animal Welfare

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The objective of this work is to identify the therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in the Chott El Gharbi region through ethnobotanical surveys carried out on a local population who have used phytotherapy for a long time in a way transmitted from generation to generation. The investigation was carried out in the two communes of Chott El Gharbi. Among the botanical families of the species most used in herbal therapy, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae. The best-known species in various treatments is Artemisia herba alba (Asso.). The leaves represent the most used parts of plants and the decoction represents the most frequent method of preparation.
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Ethnobotanical Study of an Asteraceae Artemisia Herba Alba (Asso.) in Chott El Gharbi (Western Algeria)

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Three species of Allium cepa (red, purple, yellow) were evaluated for their secondary metabolite content, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and ferric reducing ability (FRAP). Our findings confirm that the dry matter content in all varieties ranged from 12.3% to 18.1%, rendering them suitable for extended storage. The ethanolic extract of red onion (EERO) displayed the highest yield (3.86%). Similarly, the levels of total phenols (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), hydroxycinnamic acid (HTC), and cysteine-containing peptide (CTC) varied between 0.14 and 0.27 mg/g GAE, 0.20 and 0.29 mg/g QE, 0.25 and 0.29 mg/g GAE, and 0.015 and 0.102 mg CE/g DW, respectively.” Furthermore, ethanolic extract of yellow onion (EEYO) demonstrated a significant iron reduction capacity (0.75 ± 0.06 mM Fe2+) and an IC50 of 0.159 ± 0.18 mg/ml, indicating enhanced antioxidant potential.
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Phytochemical Study of the Three Main Onion Varieties (<italic>Allium Cepa</italic> L.) Grown in Algeria

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.
</abstract>

Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics in Some Apple Varieties (Malus Pumila Mill.) from Northeastern Algeria

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
A study was conducted at the National Institute of Agricultural Research (Adrar station) between 2017 and 2019 to assess the milk yield potential of prolific D’man ewes. A total of 210 daily milk production records from (of) 21 D’man ewes were collected during three successive lambings with the weighing method before and after feeding followed by manual milking. In addition, the effects of birth type, lambing rank, birth season and weight of ewes to the struggle (at breeding) on milk production were analyzed. The least-squares averages of daily and total milk production of D’man ewes were 0.85 ± 0.03 kg and 59.1 ± 0.96 kg, respectively, and the highest daily milk yield was observed in the second week of lactation. Ewes suckling more than two lambs had the highest milk yield. Indeed, ewes with triplets or more (+57.3%) and twins (+22.1%) have a significantly higher milk yield (P&lt;0.01) than ewes nursing single lambs. The effect of the other factors was not significant on milk production of D’man ewes. It can be concluded that increasing the quantity of milk produced per ewe according to the number of lambs suckled will help to make the most of multiple lambings thanks to a low mortality rate and improved growth, especially during the first month of lactation.
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Factors Influencing Milk Yield During Lactation of D’man Ewes in its Cradle in Algeria

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<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The territory of Romania has been known as the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space since ancient times, being traversed from one end to the other by the Carpathian Mountains and being bordered to the south by the Danube River (Danubius) which flows into the Black Sea (Pontic area). Fermented food products manufactured in Romania belong to the many categories, such as: lactic acid dairy products or fermented dairy products (yogurt, sana, buttermilk, kefir, fermented cream, fresh cheese), pickled vegetables (cabbage, cucumbers, red pepper), non-alcoholic fermented beverages (braga, borsch, vinegar, socata), traditional fermented bread, maturated cheeses, raw dried salami and alcoholic beverages (beer, wine). In the present article we will focus on a nutritional and sensory characterization of the most famous fermented products that are manufactured almost exclusively in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic area, of course also due to the influence of the neighbours, this being: fermented dairy products (yoghurt, sana and buttermilk), lactic fermented pickles (pickled cabbage) and non-alcoholic fermented drinks (braga, borsh and socata).
</abstract>

Nutritional and Sensory Characterization of Some Fermented Food Products Made in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic Area

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In a vase or in a pot, in a bouquet or in an arrangement, in the house, in the garden or in the park, alone or in combination, flowers are just as many occasions of joy that we give to ourselves or to our loved ones. Messengers of human thoughts and feelings, flowers contribute to the development of social relations, reflecting in the most brilliant way the refinement, taste and personality of man. Some authors expand the area of use of some of the flowers in the food sphere, considering them edible flowers. However, flowers mean, above all, love, love, hope, trust, appreciation, lust for life; through them we express everything that is noblest and most beautiful in the life of each of us. It is certain that if each of us understood - even just for a moment - the extraordinary message that a flower so eloquently conveys, then the world we live in would be much better. Flower culture at a high technological level cannot be done without thorough knowledge of biology, plant physiology and ecology, genetics and plant breeding, agrochemistry, pedology, agrotechnics, phytopathology and entomology, and for the commercialization of production and ensuring economic profitability, it is also necessary marketing knowledge and market research. Knowing the biological properties of plants and their reaction to different environmental conditions and agrotechnical works are essential in the design and application of a high-performance technology. The mastery of this information in the sphere of the disciplines mentioned above denotes a high qualification of the florist specialist and the satisfaction of successful crops is possible only by doubling this qualification with intense work, done with a lot of passion and dedication.
</abstract>

Research on Some Biological and Technological Aspects of the Species Hyacinthus Orientalis (Fam. Liliaceae)

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Agriculture is reinventing itself, in a world in constant motion, where the current generation of farmers seems to be much more informed about new technologies (sensors, software, agrobots, tractors guided by GPS, satellites, etc.) that have direct results in increasing business efficiency which they develop in the agricultural field, while protecting their yields. The new regulations at the level of the European Union create pressure on farmers, who are forced to rethink the business model they are developing, based on sustainability principles and with new technologies, which once implemented can create new economic opportunities for farmers and for the communities from which they are part, as well for the environment. SMART Livestock Farming (S - simple, specific; M - measurable; A - acceptable and achieved; R - realistic; T - temporal, that is mean with a time limit) should include a repetitive cycle of collecting and processing data, namely: ⇒ Observation (by sensors) ⇒ Diagnostics (interpretation of the data transmitted by the sensors) ⇒ Decisions (in real-time and informed) ⇒ Implementation (evaluation and action).
At the European Union level, an important percentage of the value of agricultural output is represented by milk production (approximately 154 million tonnes/year, 70% being produced in Germany, France, Poland, Netherlands, Italy and Ireland).
In Romania, animal husbandry was, is and will be for the future, a prime occupation, in guaranteeing the agri-food goods necessary to feed the population. Without a doubt, cattle in Romania are one of the most valuable farm animals, due to the multiple advantages they offer us. Cow farms need to ensure optimal environmental conditions with constant parameters for performance and competition, in obtaining milk and meat production from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, as well as animal health. Following the research carried out on the farm for the breeding of milk cows, the necessary parameters for the assessment of the main microclimate factors were determined and the results obtained were compared with the existing norms in the specialized literature, regarding the conditions for raising and exploiting cattle. Animal health is an element that must concern us permanently. Only a healthy animal will perform in the production, to benefit the farm, farmers and consumers.
</abstract>

Analysis of the Microclimate Conditions and Parameters in the Shelters for Dairy Cows and their Influence on the Animals Welfare

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