<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">In contemporary research and economic discussions, a great deal of attention is paid to issues concerning the relationship between competitiveness and research and development (R&amp;D) activity. The measurement and assessment of the impact of R&amp;D activity are extremely difficult but at the same time very important, in particular for authorities determining the level of expenditure on R&amp;D and the method of spending public funds as well as for enterprises assessing the expected profits derived from R&amp;D. The main aim of the article is an attempt to quantify the impact of R&amp;D expenditure on three selected characteristics defining the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises (gross value added, sold production and labour productivity). The analysis was carried out using panel models. The study makes use of statistical data published by the Central Statistical Office for individual divisions of manufacturing (Section C of the Polish Classification of Activities - PKD) in the years 2009-2016. The conducted analyses indicate that R&amp;D expenditure constitutes a significant determinant of the competitiveness of the analysed divisions of manufacturing.</abstract>

The Importance of Research and Development Expenditure for the Competitiveness of Manufacturing Enterprises in Poland. The Application of Panel Models

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article presents the results of the duration analysis for 21,163 enterprises (natural persons conducting economic activity) established in the Łódzkie Voivodship in 2010 and observed until December 31, 2015. The Kaplan-Meier estimation of the survival function, the Cox proportionalhazards model and the recursive partitioning method (the CTree algorithm) are applied to achieve the goal of the conducted research i.e. to answer the following question: does the type of business activity and location of the enterprise affect its duration? Prediction error curves based on the bootstrap crossvalidation estimates of the prediction error are used to assess and compare predictions obtained from all three models. On the basis of the analysis results it can be assumed that the type of business activity makes firms more varied due to their duration compared to their location.</abstract>

Does the Type of Business Activity and the Enterprise Location Affect a Firm’S Survival? Results of an Analysis for Natural Persons Conducting Economic Activity in the Łódzkie Voivodship

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">There is still many misunderstandings associated with the assessment of the barriers encountered in the process of IT solutions migration to the computational cloud and the benefits to be expected. The purpose of this paper is to organize the criteria used in this field, to analyze the dependencies between them. This will allow us to better understand the problem of migration to the cloud and to improve the decision-making processes related to it. A comprehensive survey was carried out, covering about 400 manufacturing enterprises in Poland using cloud-based IT solutions in various areas. The elements of the study were questions about the barriers and benefits encountered in this process. The paper analyzes the relationships between the obtained categories using diverse data mining methods: association rules mining and hierarchical agglomerative clustering. The obtained results allow to identify the conceptual structure and build a model of relationships inside the problem.</abstract>

Cloud Computing Migration Barriers and Advantages in Manufacturing – an Analysis of Ambiguity and Dependences in the Assessment Criteria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Latent class analysis has been widely used in the measurement models. Models based on latent variables have a wide range of applications in the presence of repeated ob-servations, longitudinal data, and multilevel data. In this paper we present and apply log-linear analysis as a method for the analysis of multi-way tables. We also present a latent variable model based on a variable that is not directly observed. The basic model postulates an underlying categorical latent variable; within any category of the latent variable the manifest or observed categorical variables are assumed independent of one another (axiom of conditional independence). In this paper we present the results of a survey research based on categorical data and the author`s questionnaire. We present the results of the latent class analysis in the classification of respondents into clusters characterized by similar attitudes and features in economic research. We also conduct a prior log-linear analysis for a multi-way contingency table. All the calculations are conducted in R.</abstract>

Latent Class Analysis in the Evaluation of Items in Survey Research

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The article discusses the problem of people who are working, but struggle with poverty. The phenomenon of ‘working poor’ is subjected to a taxonomic analysis, in which the subjective scope is limited to selected European states and the time span to the last twelve years. The aim of the article is to show the relation between work and poverty on European labour markets, including clarifying the level and structure of ‘working poor’. In order to achieve such a research goal, the results of The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions were used, and thanks to the information obtained from the Eurostat database, it was possible to carry out comparable statistical analyses. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the working poor phenomenon exists in Europe and in future may get stronger and pose a serious challenge for European labour markets.</abstract>

The ‘Working Poor’ Phenomenon in Europe – a Taxonomic Analysis*

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Innovations play a very important role in the modern economy. They are the key to a higher quality of life, better jobs and economy and sustainable development. The innovation policy is a key element of both national and European Union strategy. The main aim of this paper is to present an ensemble clustering of European Union countries (member states) considering their innovativeness. In the empirical section, symbolic density-based ensemble clustering is used to obtain the co-occurrence matrix. The paper uses symbolicDA, clusterSim and dbscan packages of R software for all calculations. Four different clusters where obtained in the result of clustering. Cluster 1 contains highinnovative countries (innovation leaders). This cluster is also the least homogenous. Cluster 2 contains post-communist countries mainly from central Europe. These countries can be seen as rather mid-low innovative (they try to “catch up” with innovation leaders). Cluster 3 contains moderate innovators. Cluster 4 contains two countries that are also mid-innovative.</abstract>

Analysis of Innovations in the European Union Via Ensemble Symbolic Density Clustering

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> In the Labour Force Survey (LFS) the interviewees are considered as employed, unemployed or professionally inactive based on “objective” criteria defined in the survey’s methodological assumptions (e.g. the fact that a person is seeking employment, waiting to start work or worked at least one hour in the reference week). In use since 1992, the above approach allows the classification to be unaffected by the respondents’ subjective feelings. Since 2006, LFS respondents have been also allowed to identify their economic activity status by themselves. The objective of this paper is to indicate and attempt to explain the differences between the results based on the identification of economic activity statuses as per the criteria adopted by the Central Statistical Office and the LFS respondents’ own assessment of their economic activity status. This paper assessed the rationale behind each approach and the implications thereof for the procedure and results of unemployment surveys from a static and dynamic perspective.</abstract>

Criteria Used in the Lfs to Identify The Population’S Economic Activity Status Vs. The Respondents’ Subjective Views: Implications for Unemployment Research

AHEAD OF PRINT

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Econometrics

 The Econometrics journal has been published continuously since 1998. Starting from the first issue, Józef Dziechciarz has been an Editor-in-Chief of the journal. Until 2011, the journal was issued in the series of Academic Research Papers at the Wrocław University of Economics as Econometrics. Applications of quantitative methods. Since 2009, four issues have been published annually. It enables the introduction of regular quarterly release cycle. The Econometrics is published in English. The Scientific Council of our journal also includes professors affiliated with foreign institutions. The list of scientific reviewers includes eminent scientists from both home and abroad. Among the authors of the publications are both scientists from Polish academia, as well as many scientists from foreign universities. High level of scientific works, our confidence and insightful comments from reviewers contribute to the publication of valuable articles and dissemination of national scientific achievements. Until the end of 2017, fifty eight issues of the journal were published.  The subject area of the published articles covers theoretical and practical aspects of the methods of econometrics, statistics and mathematics. The domain of applications of these methods covers wider economic issues, including macro and microeconomic analyses; statistical and econometric analysis and modeling market data, as well as capital investment and insurance problems. Social and demographic analyses cover the issues of education, employment and unemployment, poverty, etc. Many studies have cyclical character, published articles show long-term results of research, include a scientific discussion with the reviewers suggestions formulated on the basis of earlier works. This allows to track the progress of scientific research, and the publications appearing in the Econometrics journal are an inspiration to undertake new research challenges.  econometrics.ue.wroc.pl/　   The Econometrics journal is indexed in Google Scholar and details on the citations can be found on Google Scholar Citations.  Also find us at:   Index Copernicus  Erih Plus    Why subscribe and read The Econometrics is a scientific journal that promotes both theoretical aspects of mathematical, statistical and econometric methods as well as application possibilities. It focuses on the presentation of new and modernization of well-known methods as well as their adaptation in economy, business processes and social sciences in a very broad meaning. Due to the fast publishing production, the presented articles refer to the latest research, papers are always up-to-date, original, scientific, never printed before in other scientific journals. The Econometrics is the place of interdisciplinary debate with the participation of economists and statisticians.  Why submit The journal offers a fast, honest and constructive review, carried out in the double blind review process. After acceptance, an article is evaluated by a native speaker and a statistics editor. After acceptance, the publication process is very fast.The Econometrics journal belongs to the group of magazines that are constantly highly rated and enjoy a good reputation among authors and reviewers.  Rejection Rate   32%   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 