<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure from Ugbuwangue, Ugbori and Edjeba rivers sediments in Warri-South, Warri, Delta State was investigated. Nine sediment samples were collected; three samples each along the course of the different rivers. The sediment samples were Soxhlet extracted with acetone/dichloromethane/<italic>n</italic>hexane (1:1:1 v/v). A total of 28 PCBs were quantified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. The concentration of the 28 PCBs ranges from 178.76-1398.29 ng g−1 for Ugbuwangue river, 224.81-685.19 ng g-1 for Ugbori river and 539.33-7858.3 ng g−1 for Edjeba river. The concentration of 12 PCBs were recorded for dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 0.08-401.52 ng g−1 (Ugbuwangue river 0.13 to 223.11 ng g−1, Ugbori river 0.08 to 153.39 ng g−1 and Edjeba river 0.32 to 401.52 ng g−1), while the concentration of 16 non-dioxin-like PCBs were recorded ranging from 0.13-4245.71 ng g−1 (Ugbuwangue river 0.18 to 386.47 ng g−1, Ugbori river 0.13 to 111.98 ng g−1 and Edjeba river 0.31 to 4245.71 ng g−1). The ecological risks of the nine sediment samples were investigated and it ranges from 25.52 – 1122.616 with Edjeba river sediment having the highest ecological risk while Ugbuwangue river sediment has the least ecological risk.
</abstract>

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science

Delta State University of Science and Technology

Health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure from inland rivers sediments in Warri-South, Warri, Delta State

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this study, the extent of Pb contamination around an active military shooting range is re-assessed to ascertain current contamination status comparatively to data’s reported 20 years ago. This is because lead bullet disintegration and mobility takes several years and extensively affects levels of soil-Pb contamination. A total of 120 topsoil samples were collected within the impact area (front) and non-impact area (back) for Pb determination. High concentrations of Pb were found at impact berm both front (28940±2996 μg/g) and back (775±128 μg/g). Spatial distribution of contamination reflects the distances from berm. Soil-Pb contamination around non-impact area was notable at back berm through to 100 m distance with significant difference in Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn levels. Concentration of Pb at berm was observed to have increase five-fold over a period of about twenty years from previous study with accumulation factor of about 1000. Principal component analysis PCA indicated 67 % of total metal load of range soil was majorly from impact areas of the berm. The correspondence analysis relay plot shows pollution order of Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu. This confirms soil contamination especially around the impact area, i.e. impact berm and firing lines and non-impact area at 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m. Environmental consequence of high soil-Pb levels within the range especially non-impact areas utilized for farming activities will leave much to desire. Hence, extensive and continuous monitoring is needed. However, remediation through appropriate soil washing technique could reduce Pb levels and improve soil condition regardless of age.
</abstract>

Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In this work, the influence of process parameters (temperature: 25 - 65 °C, ethanol content in the extraction solvent: 30 - 90 vol.%, and solid-to-solvent ratio: 1:15 - 1:45 w/v) on the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of (poly)phenols from blueberry leaves (<italic>Vaccinium myrtillus</italic>) was investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using the MINITAB 21 software, with the application of three-level full factorial designs. The Responses in the study are the content of total (poly)phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the obtained extracts. The extraction of blueberry leaf was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) impacted by process variables. The R2, Adjusted R2, and Predicted R2 values in the study are high, showing a significant relationship between the independent variables and the Response. The optimal temperature for all three Responses is 65 °C, the optimal solid-to-solvent ratio for total (poly)phenols and anthocyanins is 1:45 w/v and for flavonoids is 28.03 w/v, while the optimal ethanol content in the solvent for total (poly)phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins is 51.21 vol.%, 50.61 vol.% and 83.33 vol.%, respectively.
</abstract>

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of (poly)phenolic compounds from blueberry (<italic>Vaccinium myrtillus</italic>) leaves using full-factorial design

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The objective of this study was to synthesize some novel substituted 4-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl) pyrimidine- 2(1<italic>H</italic>)-thione compounds using sodium hydroxide catalyzed three component condensation and cyclization reaction of substituted 6-methoxy-2-acetonapthone, various substituted benzaldehydes and thiourea. These thione derivatives were characterized by their analytical, physical, and spectroscopic data. In addition, the <italic>in vitro</italic> antibacterial activities of these pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method.
</abstract>

Synthesis, spectral study and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some novel 4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-(substituted aryl)pyrimidine-2(1<italic>H</italic>)-thiones

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Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

Volume 35 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)

Health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure from inland rivers sediments in Warri-South, Warri, Delta State

Assessment of spatial distribution of lead in soils around an active military shooting range

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of (poly)phenolic compounds from blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaves using full-factorial design

Synthesis, spectral study and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some novel 4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-(substituted aryl)pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones

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