<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Field experiments with 12 winter wheat cultivars, which differed in N grain concentration, were established with three variants of N fertilisation (N0 = 0 kg N/ha, N1 = 100 kg N/ha, N2 = 200 kg N/ha) in the vegetative years 2004/05 and 2005/06 in Piestany (Borovce). The aims of experiment were to find out the effect of N applied (Nf) and available N (Nfs) on differences in N uptake and N utilisation. From the primary data of traits, grain yield (GY kg/ha), biomass production (BP kg/ha), and N concentration in grain (Ng) and in straw (Ns), other characteristics (NUP, NUE, NUTE) for available and applied N (Nfs, Nf, respectively) were calculated. In available N, significant differences were seen among cultivars in all characteristics but in applied N differences in NUP and NUTE among cultivars were not significant. Genetic correlations among traits and characteristics were modified by N environment. Grain N concentration (Ng) was, at the low N rate, in a negative correlation with NUE (r = -0.683+) and in a strong negative correlation with NUTE (r = -0.956++). At a high N rate, these correlations had the same character, but were weaker and not significant (r = -0.560 and r = 0.570). Grain N concentration (Ng) was more determined by efficiency of N translocation than by quantity of N uptake. Selection on the higher NUPE and NUE will be limited by negative correlation between BP and N biomass concentration and by low genetic variability of all characteristics of N uptake and utilisation.</abstract>

CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND THEIR MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> This paper evaluates the selected population-biological characteristics and size structure of invasive neophyte Asclepias syriaca in three habitat types (abandoned vineyards, grassland and road side) in the district of Veľký Krtíš in Central Slovakia. Three permanent research plots (1 m × 1 m) were established and monitored during the growing season in 2012. The density of the population at the end of the growing season ranged from 15 to 29 stems per m2. The greatest average plant height was recorded in the roadside plot (129 cm) and the lowest in the abandoned vineyard (92 cm). Main stem thickness reached 1.5-2.0 cm at the base. The highest number of main stem leaves was recorded at the end of June and July (from 24 to 27). The number of inflorescences varied from 1.6 to 3.4 and the number of fruits ranged from 1.2 to 3.8 per generative stem. Statistically significant differences were found in the plant height, thickness of the main stem and the number of fruits at the three different locations.</abstract>

STRUCTURE AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA L. IN THE AGRICULTURAL LAND

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P &lt; 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P &lt; 0.05) than red clover monocultures.</abstract>

Plant Production Research Center Piešťany – Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute Banská Bystrica, Mládežnícka 36, 974 21 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic

Matej Bel University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Management, Tajovského 4, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic

Plant Production Research Center Piešťany - Grassland and Mountain Agriculture Research Institute Banská Bystrica, Mládežnícka 36, 974 21 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic

THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Active aluminium contents in agricultural soils of Slovakia were evaluated in the frame of partial-monitoring system - soil. The soil samples were taken in 5 years regular intervals from depths of 0-0.10 and 0.35-0.45 m. In the dry homogenised samples, soil reaction (pH in CaCl2), exchangeable cation Ca2+ and active Al content by Sokolov (soil is extracted with 1 N KCl and Al is precipitated with NaF) in the samples with pH value lower than 6.0 were measured. Active Al content was in the range 0.10-684.0 mg/kg with the average value 59.28 mg/kg and median value 8.30 mg/kg in the depth 0-0.10 m. In the depth 0.35-0.45 m, the average value was 59.30 mg/kg and the median value was 9.00 mg/kg. Significant differences in average and median values between the arable land and permanent grassland are determined as a consequence of the relationship between soil quality and its use. The increase in the active aluminium content (between first and last monitoring cycles) was determined in the group Podzols, Lithic Leptosols used as the permanent grassland as well as in the group Cambisols on the crystalline rocks and in the group Fluvisols used as arable land.</abstract>

MONITORING OF ACTUAL STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE ALUMINIUM IN SOILS IN SLOVAKIA

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Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo)

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