<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_1905-7415.1004.493_s_001_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all classes of animals and man with a rapidly expanding host range and increased importance since the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in man.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.1004.493_s_002_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To review the global picture of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.1004.493_s_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>Current relevant literature on cryptosporidiosis was reviewed.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.1004.493_s_004_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>Cryptosporidiosis is widely distributed and the risk factors vary from one region to another with hygiene and immune status as important risk factors.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.1004.493_s_005_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. associated mortality has not only been reported in immune-compromised patients, but also in immune-competent patients. Yet in many countries not much attention is paid to the control and prevention of this infection in animals and man. The neglect of this disease despite the serious threat it poses to animals, their husbandry, and humans, has led the World Health Organization to list it among globally neglected diseases. To control and prevent this infection more effort needs to be directed at controlling the risk factors of the infection in man and animals.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundCryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all classes of animals and man with a rapidly expanding host range and increased importance since the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in man.ObjectivesTo review the global picture of cryptosporidiosis in man and animals with emphasis on prevalence and risk factors.MethodsCurrent relevant literature on cryptosporidiosis was reviewed.ResultsCryptosporidiosis is widely distributed and the risk factors vary from one region to another with hygiene and immune status as important risk factors.ConclusionsCryptosporidium spp. associated mortality has not only been reported in immune-compromised patients, but also in immune-competent patients. Yet in many countries not much attention is paid to the control and prevention of this infection in animals and man. The neglect of this disease despite the serious threat it poses to animals, their husbandry, and humans, has led the World Health Organization to list it among globally neglected diseases. To control and prevent this infection more effort needs to be directed at controlling the risk factors of the infection in man and animals.

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

BackgroundCryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the important parasitic diarrheal agent Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidiosis occurs in all...

S/No.	Species of Cryptosporidium	Major hosts	Zoonotic status	Reference
1.	C. andersoni	Cattle	Yes	[24]
2.	C. baileyi	Birds	No	[25, 26]
3.	C. bovis	Cattle	Yes	[27]
4.	C. canis	Dogs	Yes	[28]
5.	C. cuniculus	Rabbits	Yes	[29, 30]
6.	C. erinacei	Hedgehogs and horses	Yes	[31]
7.	C. fayeri	Marsupials	Yes	[32]
8.	C. felis	Cats	Yes	[33]
9.	C. fragile	Toads	No	[34]
10.	C. galli	Birds	No	[35]
11.	C. hominis	Humans	Most common species in humans	[36]
12.	C. macropodum	Marsupials	No	[37]
13.	C. meleagridis	Humans and birds	Yes	[4, 38]
14.	C. molnari	Fish	No	[39, 40]
15.	C. muris	Rodents	Yes	[41]
16.	C. parvum	Ruminants	Yes	[42]
17.	C. ryanae	Cattle	No	[43]
18.	C. scrofarum	Pigs	Yes	[44]
19.	C. serpentis	Snakes and lizards	No	[45, 46]
20.	C. suis	Pigs	Yes	[47]
21.	C. tyzzeri	Rodents	Yes	[48]
22.	C. ubiquitum	Primates, ruminants, and rodents	Yes	[49]
23	C. varanii	Lizards	No	[50]
24.	C. viatorum	Humans	Less common species in humans	[51]
25.	C. wrairi	Guinea pigs	No	[52]
26.	C. xiaoi	Sheep and goats	Yes	[53]

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Article Category: Review article

Online veröffentlicht: 31. Jan. 2017

Seitenbereich: 309 - 325

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.1004.493

Schlüsselwörter
Human and animal husbandry, cryptosporidiosis, neglected zoonosis

© 2016 Pwaveno Huladeino Bamaiyi, Nur Eliyana Mohd Redhuan

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Validated species of Cryptosporidium

Prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidiosis: a global, emerging, neglected zoonosis

Article Category: Review article

Online veröffentlicht: 31. Jan. 2017

Seitenbereich: 309 - 325

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.1004.493

SchlüsselwörterHuman and animal husbandry, cryptosporidiosis, neglected zoonosis

© 2016 Pwaveno Huladeino Bamaiyi, Nur Eliyana Mohd Redhuan

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Validated species of Cryptosporidium

Schlüsselwörter
Human and animal husbandry, cryptosporidiosis, neglected zoonosis