Treading on tricky ground: reconstructive approaches to Charcot neuropathic arthropathy of the foot

1. Gouveri E, Papanas N. Charcot osteoarthropathy in diabetes: a brief review with an emphasis on clinical practice. World J Diabetes. 2011; 2:59-65.10.4239/wjd.v2.i5.59Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Sohn M, Stuck RM, Pinzur M et al. Lower-extremity amputation risk after Charcot arthropathy and diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(1):98-100.1982582210.2337/dc09-1497Search in Google Scholar

3. Sammarco VJ. Superconstructs in the treatment of Charcot foot deformity: plantar plating, locked plating, and axial screw fixation. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009 Sep; 14(3):393-407. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2009.04.004.19712882Search in Google Scholar

4. Witzke KA, Vinik AI, Grant LM et al. Loss of RAGE defense: a cause of Charcot neuroarthropathy?. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(7):1617-21.10.2337/dc10-2315Search in Google Scholar

5. Baumhauer JF, O’Keefe RJ, Schon LC et al. Cytokineinduced osteoclastic bone resorption in Charcot arthropathy: an immunohistochemical study. Foot Ankle Int. 2006; 27(10):797-800.1705488010.1177/107110070602701007Search in Google Scholar

6. Harris JR, Brand PW. Patterns of disintegration of the tarsus in the anaesthetic foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1966 Feb; 48(1):4-16.590906510.1302/0301-620X.48B1.4Search in Google Scholar

7. Eichenholtz SN. Charcot joints. 1966, Springfield (IL): Charles C Thomas.Search in Google Scholar

8. Schon LC, Easley ME, Weinfeld SB. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998; 349:116-31.10.1097/00003086-199804000-00015Search in Google Scholar

9. Brodsky JW, Rouse AM. Exostectomy for symptomatic bony prominences in diabetic Charcot feet. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993; 296:21-6.10.1097/00003086-199311000-00005Search in Google Scholar

10. Sanders LI, Frykberg RG. The Charcot foot. In Levin and O’Neal’s The Diabetic Foot (7th edn), 2007, JH B, MA P (eds). Mosby Elsevier: Philadelphia, 258.Search in Google Scholar

11. Sella EJ, Barrette C. Staging of Charcot neuroarthropathy along the medial column of the foot in the diabetic patient. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1999; 38(1):34-40.10.1016/S1067-2516(99)80086-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Richter M, Mittlmeier T, Rammelt S, Agren PH, Hahn S, Eschler A. Intramedullary fixation in severe Charcot osteo-neuroarthropathy with foot deformity results in adequate correction without loss of correction - Results from a multi-centre study. Foot Ankle Surg. 2015 Dec; 21(4):269-76. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2015.02.003.Search in Google Scholar

13. Siddiqui NA, LaPorta GA. Midfoot Charcot Reconstruction. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018 Oct; 35(4):509-520. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2018.07.003.Search in Google Scholar

14. Miller RJ. Neuropathic Minimally Invasive Surgeries (NEMESIS): Percutaneous Diabetic Foot Surgery and Reconstruction. Foot Ankle Clin. 2016 Sep; 21(3):595-627. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.04.012.Search in Google Scholar

15. Wukich DK, Raspovic KM, Hobizal KB, Sadoskas D. Surgical management of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the ankle and hindfoot in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 Jan; 32 Suppl 1:292-6. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2748.Search in Google Scholar

16. Canale ST, Beaty JH, Campbell WC. Campbell’s operative orthopaedics. 2013, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/ Mosby.Search in Google Scholar

17. Botezatu I, Laptoiu D. Minimally invasive surgery of diabetic foot - review of current techniques. J Med Life. 2016 Jul-Sep; 9(3):249-254.Search in Google Scholar

18. DiDomenico L, Flynn Z, Reed M. Treating Charcot Arthropathy Is a Challenge: Explaining Why My Treatment Algorithm Has Changed. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018 Jan; 35(1):105-121. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2017.08.012.Search in Google Scholar

19. Wukich DK, Mallory BR, Suder NC, Rosario BL. Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Using Retrograde Intramedullary Nail Fixation: Comparison of Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015 Sep-Oct; 54(5):876-82. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.02.019.Search in Google Scholar

20. Garchar D, DiDomenico LA, Klaue K. Reconstruction of Lisfranc joint dislocations secondary to Charcot neuroarthropathy using a plantar plate. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013 May-Jun; 52(3):295-7. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2013.02.019.Search in Google Scholar

21. Stapleton JJ, Zgonis T. Surgical reconstruction of the diabetic Charcot foot: internal, external or combined fixation?. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2012 Jul; 29(3):425-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2012.04.003.Search in Google Scholar

22. Lamm BM, Siddiqui NA, Nair AK, LaPorta G. Intramedullary foot fixation for midfoot Charcot neuroarthropathy. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2012 Jul-Aug; 51(4):531-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2012.04.021.Search in Google Scholar

23. Pinzur MS, Gil J, Belmares J. Treatment of osteomyelitis in Charcot foot with single-stage resection of infection, correction of deformity, and maintenance with ring fixation. Foot Ankle Int. 2012 Dec; 33(12):1069-74. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2012.1069.Search in Google Scholar

24. Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ. Ankle equinus deformity and its relationship to high plantar pressure in a large population with diabetes mellitus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2002; 92(9): 479-82.10.7547/87507315-92-9-47912381796Search in Google Scholar

25. Frykburg RG, Bowen J, Hall J, Tallis A, Tierney E, Freeman D. Prevalence of equinus in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2012; 102: N2 84-N2 88.10.7547/102008422461264Search in Google Scholar

26. Tagoe MT, Reeves ND, Bowling FL. Is there still a place for Achilles tendon lengthening?. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016 Jan; 32 Suppl 1:227-31. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2745.Search in Google Scholar

27. Rios-Ruh JM, Martin-Oliva X, Santamaría-Fumas A, Domínguez-Sevilla A, López-Capdevila L, Vilà Y Rico J, Sales-Pérez JM. Treatment algorithm for Charcot foot and surgical technique with circular external fixation. Acta Ortop Mex. 2018 Jan-Feb; 32(1):7-12.Search in Google Scholar

28. Kučera T, Šponer P, Šrot J. Surgical reconstruction of Charcot foot neuroarthropathy, a case based review. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2014; 57(3):127-32. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2014.51.Search in Google Scholar

29. Scott JE, Hendry GJ, Locke J. Effectiveness of percutaneous flexor tenotomies for the management and prevention of recurrence of diabetic toe ulcers: a systematic review. J Foot Ankle Res. 2016 Jul 29; 9:25. doi: 10.1186/s13047-016-0159-0.Search in Google Scholar

30. Rasmussen A, Bjerre-Christensen U, Almdal TP, Holstein P. Percutaneous flexor tenotomy for preventing and treating toe ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus. J Tissue Viability. 2013 Aug; 22(3):68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2013.04.001.Search in Google Scholar

31. LaPorta GA, D’Andelet A. Lengthen, Alignment, and Beam Technique for Midfoot Charcot Neuroarthropathy. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2018 Oct; 35(4):497-507. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2018.05.008.Search in Google Scholar

32. Hong CC, Jin Tan K, Lahiri A, Nather A. Use of a definitive cement spacer for simultaneous bony and soft tissue reconstruction of mid- and hindfoot diabetic neuroarthropathy: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015 Jan-Feb; 54(1):120-5. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.10.009.Search in Google Scholar

33. Hegewald KW, Wilder ML, Chappell TM, Hutchinson BL. Combined Internal and External Fixation for Diabetic Charcot Reconstruction: A Retrospective Case Series. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2016 May-Jun; 55(3):619-27. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.016.Search in Google Scholar

34. Ramanujam CL, Facaros Z, Zgonis T. An overview of bone grafting techniques for the diabetic Charcot foot and ankle. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2012 Oct; 29(4):589-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2012.07.005.Search in Google Scholar

35. Pinzur MS. Use of platelet-rich concentrate and bone marrow aspirate in high-risk patients with Charcot arthropathy of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. 2009; 30(2):124-7.10.3113/FAI-2009-012419254506Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Cullen BD, Weinraub GM, Van Gompel G. Early results with use of the midfoot fusion bolt in Charcot neuroarthropathy. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013; 52:235-8.2331809910.1053/j.jfas.2012.12.00323318099Search in Google Scholar

37. Peterson KS, Hyer CF. Posterior approach for medial column beam screw in midfoot Charcot reconstruction: technique and structures at risk. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015 May-Jun; 54(3):433-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.10.006.Search in Google Scholar

38. Jones CP, Youngblood CS, Waldrop N et al. Tibial stress fracture secondary to half-pins in circular ring external fixation for Charcot foot. Foot Ankle Int. 2014; 35:572-7.10.1177/10711007145312292470974224709742Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Aragón-Sánchez J, Lázaro-Martínez JL, Quintana- Marrero Y, Álvaro-Afonso FJ, Hernández-Herrero MJ. Charcot neuroarthropathy triggered and complicated by osteomyelitis. How limb salvage can be achieved. Diabet Med. 2013 Jun; 30(6):e229-32. doi: 10.1111/ dme.12191.Search in Google Scholar

40. Burns PR, Monaco SJ. Revisional Surgery of the Diabetic Charcot Foot and Ankle. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2017 Jan; 34(1):77-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2016.07.009.Search in Google Scholar

41. Tsourvakas S. Local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of bone and soft tissue infections. In: Danilla S, editor. Selected topics in reconstructive plastic surgery. Rijeka (Croatia): InTech Europe; 2012, 17-44.10.5772/28833Search in Google Scholar

42. Wiewiorski M, Yasui T, Miska M, Frigg A, Valderrabano V. Solid bolt fixation of the medial column in Charcot midfoot arthropathy. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013 Jan-Feb; 52(1):88-94. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2012.05.017.Search in Google Scholar

43. Siebachmeyer M, Boddu K, Bilal A et al.Outcome of one-stage correction of deformities of the ankle and hindfoot and fusion in Charcot neuroarthropathy using a retrograde intramedullary hindfoot arthrodesis nail. Bone Joint J. 2015; 97-B(1):76-82.10.1302/0301-620X.97B1.3454225568417Search in Google Scholar