Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Thimerosal exposure and increased risk for diagnosed tic disorder in the United States: a case-control study


Zitieren

American Academy of Pediatrics. (1999). Thimerosal in vaccines – An interim report to clinicians. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics104: 570–574.Search in Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth edition). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.Search in Google Scholar

Andrews N, Miller E, Grant A, Stowe J, Osborne V, Taylor B. (2004). Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association. Pediatrics114: 584–591.Search in Google Scholar

Barile JP, Kuperminc GP, Weintraub ES, Mink JW, Thompson WW. (2012). Thimerosal exposure in early life and neuropsychological outcomes 7–10 years later. Journal of Pediatric Psychology37: 106–118.Search in Google Scholar

Boyle CA, Boulet S, Schieve LA, Cohen RA, Blumberg SJ, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Visser S, Kogan MD. (2011). Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics 127(6): 1034–1042.Search in Google Scholar

Burbacher TM, Shen DD, Liberato N, Grant KS, Cernichiari E, Clarkson T. (2005). Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal. Environ Health Perspect113: 1015–1021.Search in Google Scholar

Castellanos FX, Margulies DS, Kelly C, Uddin LQ, Ghaffari M, Kirsch A, Shaw D, Shehzad Z, Di Martino A, Biswal B, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Rotrosen J, Adler LA, Milham MP. (2008). Cingulate-precuneus interactions: a new locus of dys-function in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry63(3): 332–337.Search in Google Scholar

Centers for Disease Control. (1991). Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep40(RR-13): 1–25.Search in Google Scholar

Chen RT, DeStefano F, Davis RL, Jackson LA, Thompson RS, Mullooly JP, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Vadheim CM, Ward JI, Marcy SM. (2000). The vaccine safety datalink: immunization research in health maintenance organizations in the USA. Bull World Health Organ78(2): 186–194.Search in Google Scholar

Chen RT, Glasser JW, Rhodes PH, Davis RL, Barlow WE, Thompson RS, Mullooly JP, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Vadheim CM, Marcy SM, Ward JI, Wise RP, Wassilak SG, Hadler SC. (1997). Vaccine Safety Datalink: project: a new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States. The Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Pediatrics99(6): 765–773.Search in Google Scholar

Church JA, Fair DA, Dosenbach NU, Cohen Al, Miezin FM, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. (2009). Control networks in paediatric Tourette syndrome show immature and anomalous patterns of functional connectivity. Brain132: 225–238.Search in Google Scholar

Cubo E. (2012). Review of prevalence studies of tic disorders: methodological caveats. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2: pii: tre-02-61-349-1.Search in Google Scholar

DeStefano F, Vaccine Safety Datalink Research Group. (2001). The Vaccine Safety Datalink project. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safe10: 403–406.Search in Google Scholar

Ellenberg SS, Braun MM. (2002). Monitoring the safety of vaccinees: assessing the risks. Drug Safety25: 145–152.Search in Google Scholar

Fair DA, Dosenbach NU, Church JA, Cohen AL, Brahmbhatt S, Miezin FM, Barch DM, Raichle ME, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. (2007). Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A104: 13507–13512.Search in Google Scholar

Fawcett JW. (1992). Intrinsic neuronal determinants of regeneration. Trends in Neurosci15: 5–8.Search in Google Scholar

Fine PE, Chen RT. (1992). Confounding in studies of adverse reactions to vaccines. Am J Epidemiol136: 121–135.Search in Google Scholar

Freeman RD, Tourette Syndrome International Database Consortium. (2007). Tic disorders and ADHD: answers from a world-wide clinical dataset on Tourette syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry16(Suppl 1): 15–23.Search in Google Scholar

Geier MR, Geier DA. (2002). The state of polio vaccination in the world: the case for continuing routine vaccination. Toxicol Mech Methods12: 221–228.Search in Google Scholar

Geier DA, Geier MR. (2004). A review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database. Expert Opin Pharmacother5: 691–698.Search in Google Scholar

Geier DA, Geier MR. (2005). A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis. Med Sci Monit11: CR160–CR170.Search in Google Scholar

Geier DA, Geier MR. (2006). A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States. Neuro Endocrinol Lett27(4): 401–413.Search in Google Scholar

Geier DA, Hooker BS, Kern JK, King PG, Sykes LK, Geier MR. (2013). A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States. Transl Neurodegener2: 25.Search in Google Scholar

Grzadzinski R, Di Martino A, Brady E, Mairena MA, O’Neale M, Petkova E, Lord C, Castellanos FX (2011). Examining autistic traits in children with ADHD: does the autism spectrum extend to ADHD? J Autism Dev Disord41(9): 1178–1191.10.1007/s10803-010-1135-3312340121108041Search in Google Scholar

Hariz MI, Robertson MM. (2010). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and deep brain stimulation. Eur J Neurosci32: 1128–1134.Search in Google Scholar

Jones TA. (1999). Multiple synapse formation in the motor cortex opposite uni-lateral sensorimotor cortex lesions in adult rats. J Comp Neurol414: 57–66.Search in Google Scholar

Jones TA, Schallert T. (1992). Overgrowth and pruning of dendrites in adult rats recovering from neocortical damage. Brain Res581: 156–160.Search in Google Scholar

Kern JK, Geier DA, Audhya T, King PG, Sykes LK, Geier MR. (2012). Evidence of parallels between mercury intoxication and the brain pathology in autism. Acta Neurobiol Exp (War)72: 113–153.Search in Google Scholar

Kern JK, Geier DA, Ayzac F, Adams JB, Mehta JA, Geier MR. (2011). Toxicity biomarkers among US children compared to a similar cohort in France: a blinded study measuring urinary porphyrins. Toxicol Environ Chem93: 396–405.Search in Google Scholar

Kern JK, Geier DA, Sykes LK, Geier MR, Deth RC. (2015). Are ASD and ADHD a continuum? A comparison of pathophysiological similarities between the disorders. J Atten Disord19(9): 805–27.Search in Google Scholar

Kern JK, Haley BE, Geier DA, Sykes LK, King PG, Geier MR. (2013). Thimerosal exposure and the role of sulfation chemistry and thiol availability in autism. Int J Environ Res Public Health10: 3771–3800.Search in Google Scholar

Laks DR. (2009). Assessment of chronic mercury exposure within the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. Biometals22: 1103–1114.Search in Google Scholar

Li AM, Chan MH, Leung TF, Cheung RC, Lam CW, Fok TF. (2000). Mercury intoxication present with tics. Arch Dis Childhood83: 174–175.Search in Google Scholar

Liu Y, Miao W, Wang J, Gao P, Yin G, Zhang L, Lv C, Ji Z, Yu T, Sabel BA, He H, Peng Y. (2013). Structural abnormalities in early Tourette syndrome children: a combined voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics study. PLoS One8(9): e76105.Search in Google Scholar

Marques RC, Dórea JG, Fonseca MF, Bastos WR, Malm O. (2007). Hair mercury in breast-fed infants exposed to thimerosal-preserved vaccines. Eur J Pediatr166(9): 935–941.Search in Google Scholar

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health. Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet 2013 [updated 10/19/2012]. Available from [accessed on: 4/12/2014]: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/detail_tourette.htm#220453231.Search in Google Scholar

Neuner I, Kupriyanova Y, Stöcker T, Huang R, Posnansky O, Schneider F, Tittgemeyer M, Shah NJ. (2010). White-matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome extend beyond motor pathways. Neuroimage51(3): 1184–1193.Search in Google Scholar

Pichichero ME, Gentile A, Giglio N, Umido V, Clarkson T, Cernichiari E, Zareba G, Gotelli C, Gotelli M, Yan L, Treanor J. (2008). Mercury levels in newborns and infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines. Pediatrics121(2): e208–e214.Search in Google Scholar

Pichichero ME, Gentile A, Giglio N, Alonso MM, Fernandez Mentaberri MV, Zareba G, Clarkson T, Gotelli C, Gotelli M, Yan L, Treanor J. (2009). Mercury levels in premature and low birth weight newborn infants after receipt of thimerosal-containing vaccines. J Pediatr155(4): 495–499.Search in Google Scholar

Redwood L, Bernard S, Brown D. (2001). Predicted mercury concentrations in hair from infant immunizations: cause for concern. Neurotoxicology22: 691–697.Search in Google Scholar

Roessner V, Hoekstra PJ, Rothenberger A. (2011). Tourette’s disorder and other tic disorders in DSM-5: a comment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry20: 71–74.Search in Google Scholar

Stajich GV, Lopez GP, Harry SW, Sexson WR. (2000). Iatrogenic exposure to mercury after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm infants. J Pediatr136: 679–681.Search in Google Scholar

Tan M, Parkin JE. (2000). Route of decomposition of thiomersal (thimerosal). Int J Pharm208: 23–34.Search in Google Scholar

Thompson WW, Price C, Goodson B, Shay DK, Benson P, Hinrichsen VL, et al. (2007). Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years. N Engl J Med357: 1281–1292.Search in Google Scholar

Verstraeten T, Davis RL, DeStefano F, Lieu TA, Rhodes PH, Black SB, Shinefield H, Chen RT; Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. (2003). Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases. Pediatrics112: 1039–1048.Search in Google Scholar

Wang L, Zhu C, He Y, Zang Y, Cao Q, Zhang H, Zhong Q, Wang Y. (2009). Altered small-world brain functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp30: 638–649.Search in Google Scholar

Wass S. (2011). Distortions and disconnections: disrupted brain connectivity in autism. Brain Cogn75: 18–28.Search in Google Scholar

Wassilak SG, Glasser JW, Chen RT, Hadler SC. (1995). Utility of large-linked databases in vaccine safety, particularly in distinguishing independent and synergistic effects. The Vaccine Safety Datalink Investigators. Ann NY Acad Sci754: 377–382.Search in Google Scholar

Wehe CA, Pieper I, Holtkamp M, Thyssen GM, Sperling M, Schwerdtle T, Karst U. (2014). On-line species-unspecific isotope dilution analysis in the picomolar range reveals the time- and species-depending mercury uptake in human astrocytes. Anal Bioanal Chem406(7): 1909–1916.Search in Google Scholar

Young HA, Geier DA, Geier MR. (2008). Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopmental disorders: an assessment of computerized medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. J Neurol Sci271: 110–118.Search in Google Scholar

Zimmermann LT, Santos DB, Naime AA, Leal RB, Dórea JG, Barbosa F Jr, Aschner M, Rocha JB, Farina M. (2013). Comparative study on methyl- and ethyl-mercury-induced toxicity in C6 glioma cells and the potential role of LAT-1 in mediating mercurial-thiol complexes uptake. Neurotoxicology38: 1–8.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1337-9569
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Medizin, Klinische Medizin, Pharmakologie, Toxikologie