Metabolic syndrome and Cancer: Do they share common molecular pathways?
, , , , , und | 30. Dez. 2016
Über diesen Artikel
Online veröffentlicht: 30. Dez. 2016
Seitenbereich: 7 - 15
Eingereicht: 21. Juni 2016
Akzeptiert: 25. Aug. 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fco-2016-0006
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© 2016 De Gruyter Open
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ongoing studies investigating the effects of obesity and physical activity on cancer development and patient outcomes
| NCI-Funded Initiatives | |
|---|---|
| Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) | The TREC initiative links four research centers and a coordination center to investigate how the combined effects of obesity, poor diet, and low levels of physical activity increase cancer risk. The Initiative helps scientists conduct research across multiple disciplines and trains new and established researchers capable of carrying out this kind of integrated research. |
| Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) | The BCSC is a research resource for studies designed to assess the delivery and quality of breast cancer screening, and related patient outcomes. Through the BCSC, NCI is funding studies to examine why there are lower rates of breast cancer screening among obese adults. |
| National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NCCOR) | NCCOR brings together four of the nation’s leading funders of childhood obesity research: the CDC, NIH, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NCI has been an active and leading participant in NCCOR activities related to measurement, surveillance, and policy evaluation. |
| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | In collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics, which is part of the CDC, NCI is supporting the use of activity monitors to collect objective physical activity, sleep, and strength data for NHANES. |
| Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) | This trans-NIH includes an NCI-led component that invests in new technology to measure environmental toxins, dietary intake, and physical activity and to determine an individual’s biological response to those influences on the level of the genome, the proteome, and the metabolome. |
| Measures Registry Catalogue of Surveillance Systems | In partnership with NCCOR, NCI has developed these two online resources to help researchers and clinicians identify validated measures and datasets relevant to obesity and health behaviors and environmental factors. |
| Cancer Control PLANET (Plan, Link, Act, Network With Evidence-Based Tools) | The modules on Cancer Control PLANET include science-based information on interventions related to diet and physical activity that can help planners, program staff, and researchers design, implement, and evaluate science-based cancer control programs. |
| Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Polyp Prevention Trial | Researchers are looking at groups of people within these studies to learn more about the influence of obesity and physical activity on all major cancer types, as well as some of the less common cancers. |
| NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | This is a prospective cohort study of nutrition in relation to major cancers among over half a million American men and women. Results from this large cohort have already contributed to our understanding of the relationship between obesity and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as prostate, endometrial, pancreatic, bladder, kidney, thyroid, and colorectal cancer |
| Nurses’ Health Study Iowa Women’s Health Study Health Professionals Follow-up Study Women’s Health Initiative | These large studies conducted by researchers around the country, with support from NCI, have made |
| Cohort Consortium | This joint intramural/extramural initiative combines more than 20 prospective cohort studies from around the world, which have enrolled more than two million participants collectively. The studies are gathering information on energy balance-related factors from each cohort. The large size of the study will allow researchers to get a better sense of how obesity-related factors relate to less common cancers, such as thyroid and gallbladder cancer. |
| Multiethnic Cohort Study Southern Community Cohort Study Black Women’s Health Study Adventist Health Study 2 California Teachers Study | In light of concerns about the potential for differential effects of obesity in diverse populations, NCI supports research that has the potential to examine obesity and cancer associations in non-white populations. |
Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome
| Risk Factors | National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) (8) ≥ 3 of 5 criteria necessary | WHO 1999 (9) Impaired glucose regulation or hyperinsulinemia and ≥ 2 of criteria necessary | European Group on Insulin Resistance (EGIR) (10) Hyperinsulinemia and ≥ 2 of criteria necessary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Obesity | Men: waist circumference ≥ 40 inches (102 cm) | Waist-to-hip ratio > 0.85 or BMI > 30 kg/m2 | Waist circumference > 80 cm |
| Dysglycemia | 110-126 mg/dl (6.1-7.0 mmol/L) | Plasma glucose: fasting ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or 2-hour postglucose load ≥ 7.8 mmol/L or Capillary whole blood glucose: fasting ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or 2-hour postglucose load ≥ 7.8 mmol/L | Fasting plasma ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or capillary whole blood ≥ 5.6 mmol/L |
| Hyperinsulinemia | Not included | Fasting serum insulin ≥ third quartile for control group | Fasting serum insulin ≥ third quartile for nondiabetic control group |
| Hypertension | ≥ 130 / ≥ 80 mmHg | ≥ 140 / 90 mmHg | Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or treatment for hypertension |
| Triglycerides | ≥ 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/L) | Fasting serum triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | Fasting serum triglyceride > 2.0 mmol/L and/or HDLc < 1.0 mmol/L and/or treatment for dyslipidemia |
| HDLc | Men: ≤ 40 mg/dl (1.04 mmol/L) Women: ≤ 50 mg/dl (1.3 mmol/L) | Not included | Included with triglycerides |