Open Access

Thorax mapping for localized lung impedance change using focused impedance measurement (FIM): A pilot study


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Fig. 1

A block diagram of the 6-electrode FIM instrumentation
A block diagram of the 6-electrode FIM instrumentation

Fig. 2

The schematic diagram of ‘diamond’ type electrode configuration for the 6-electrode FIM system, the shaded square region bounded by red color represents the focused zone.
The schematic diagram of ‘diamond’ type electrode configuration for the 6-electrode FIM system, the shaded square region bounded by red color represents the focused zone.

Fig. 3

The handheld electrode probe, seen from the electrode side. Wet cotton wool is inserted into recesses touching the metallic electrode inside. The stems of the electrodes are spring-loaded to ensure good contact at curved body surfaces.
The handheld electrode probe, seen from the electrode side. Wet cotton wool is inserted into recesses touching the metallic electrode inside. The stems of the electrodes are spring-loaded to ensure good contact at curved body surfaces.

Fig. 4

The desired body-mapping matrix with values of impedance. The measurements are performed both from the front and the back.
The desired body-mapping matrix with values of impedance. The measurements are performed both from the front and the back.

Fig. 5

Movement of hand held electrode probe to obtain the desired body mapping matrix.
Movement of hand held electrode probe to obtain the desired body mapping matrix.

Fig. 6

Technique for marking out identification of points on thorax for the desired matrix for measurement. The cell numbers shown were superimposed later on the photographs.
Technique for marking out identification of points on thorax for the desired matrix for measurement. The cell numbers shown were superimposed later on the photographs.

Fig. 7

Measurement of localized ventilation using the hand held probe with spring loaded electrodes.
Measurement of localized ventilation using the hand held probe with spring loaded electrodes.

Comparison of summed values between right and left sides, for three horizontal levels for 12 matrix elements, 22 to 45 of front plane and back plane

Frontal PlaneBack Plane
SubjectLocationRight (Rt) [Column 2 and 3]Left(Lt) [Column 4 and 51Ratio, SH-t FMean FRight (Rt [Column 2 and 3]Left (LI) [Column 4 2nd 5.1Ratio, Rt/Ll BMean B
Subject 1(elem. top 22-25)18.4141.314.97.30.67
(elem. mid 32-35)14.712.6UT4.44.70.94
(elem. low 42-15)12.315.30.803.57.20.49
Subject 2(elem. top 22-25)2611.22.32611.60.52
(elem. mid 32-35)11.7261.2215,515.51.00
(elem. low 4245)22.717.51.3010.47.91.31
Subject 3(elem. top 22-25)43.920.32.101.55±0.6 18.5171.090.96+0.6
(elem. mid 32-35)30.725.71.0321.18.62.45
(elem. low 4245)24.717.41.42119.21.19
Subject 4(elem. top 22-25)10.25.31.924.54.41.02
(elem. mid 32-35)13.34.82.773.58.10.43
(elem. 4245)10.1I1.263.48.10.41

Comparison of summed values from front and back for 12 matrix elements, 22 to 45.

SubjectLocationSum of change in Impedance <%)Forced Vital Capacity (FVQ LSum/FVCRatio front/back
Subject-1front (elem. 22-45)87.33.8232.73
back (elem.22-45)328.4
Subj-2front (elem.22-45)135.14.430.72.02
back (elem.22-45)66.915.2
Subj-3front (elem.22-45)167.3355.71.94
back (elem.22-45)86.3528.7
Subj-4front (elem.22-45)51.7317.21.61
back (elem.22-45)3210,67
Average of front/back ratio= 2.1±0.47

Percentage change in localized impedance in each individual matrix, as measured from the front and from back. The right-left orientation are arranged to be the same on both views, for easy visual comparison.

Measurement from FrontMeasurement from Back
RightLeftRightLeft
Subject-Iage: 26y. Height: 179 cm. Weight: 67 kg. F Vital capacity: 3.3 L
3.36.713.99.53.31.92.67.61.81.92.21.5
06.811.65.58.501.82.82.16.11.21.7
14.18.26.55.57.16.43.92.51.92.12.63.3
06.55.88.66.7002.21.343.26.
04.32.84.72.1003.32.72.24.70
4.102.703.97.1003.42.23.80
Subject-2: age: IS y. Height: 174 cm. Weight: 70kg,F Vila! capacity: 4.4 L
7.75.315.16.84.82.43.87.84.82.64.67.6
8.111.714.36.74.53.81.51.64.47.24.47.6
11.31516.712.413.66.33.310.74.8510.56
.512.110.64.812.720.49.47.13.34.33.65.5
19.112.94.18.212.41614.164.33.33.75.8
Subject-3: age: 26 y, Height: 169 cm, Weight: 65 kg, F Vital capacity: 3 L
8.510.910.510.512.88.8000000
14.513.330.614.66.306.37.411.13.813211.7
014.815.915214.515.48.215.45.73.655.7
12.312.212.510.17 315.55.48.33.74.54.710
21.1172128.126.221.74.82007.38.9
4.5127.75.3210.6000000
Subject-4age: 20y, Height: 172 cm, Weight: 74 kg. F Vital capacity: 3 L
22.64.27.12.81.11.6133.12.81.2
4.537.23.61.766.82.22.32.71.71.7
5.64.78.63.11.761.60.92.644.12.3
2.74.45.73.842220.91.32.14.63.56.1
4.92.141.973.65.74.82.30.90.84.25.33
1.84.72.600051.82.53.91.21.7