Open Access

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and related risk behavior in people who inject drugs in Nepal

Sampurna Kakchapati
Sampurna Kakchapati
, 
Dipendra Raman Singh
Dipendra Raman Singh
, 
Bir Bahadhur Rawal
Bir Bahadhur Rawal
 and 
Appiradee Lim
Appiradee Lim
   | Mar 31, 2017
Asian Biomedicine's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Article Category: Brief communication (Original)
Published Online: Mar 31, 2017
Page range: 609 - 617
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.1006.531
Keywords
© 2016 Sampurna Kakchapati, Dipendra Raman Singh, Bir Bahadhur Rawal, Appiradee Lim
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Factors associated with HIV infection prevalence in multivariate logistic regression
Factors associated with HIV infection prevalence in multivariate logistic regression

Figure 2

ROC curve: logistic model for HIV infection among People Who Inject Drugs in Nepal. Key: yrReg is year-region factor, agEd is age-education factor, and injDur is duration of injected drug use
ROC curve: logistic model for HIV infection among People Who Inject Drugs in Nepal. Key: yrReg is year-region factor, agEd is age-education factor, and injDur is duration of injected drug use

Association between drug injecting behaviors and HIV prevalence among people who inject (illicit) drugs

CharacteristicsTotal (n = 7073)HIV infected (n = 1257,17.7%)Not HIV infected (n = 5816, 82.3%)χ2(df)P
n (%)n (%)
Age of drug initiation247 (2)<0.001
<20 years3870 (54.7)571 (14.8)3299 (85.2)
20–29 years2610 (36.9)442 (16.9)2168 (83.1)
≥30 years593 (8.4)244 (41.1)349 (58.9)
Duration of drug use407 (3)<0.001
<2 years1863 (26.3)152 (8.2)1711 (91.8)
2–5 years680 (9.6)63 (9.3)617 (90.7)
5–10 years2730 (38.6)463 (17)2267 (83)
>10 years1800 (25.4)579 (32.2)1221 (67.8)
Duration of injecting drugs295 (3)<0.001
<2 years3929 (55.5)475 (12.1)3454 (87.9)
2–5 years593 (8.4)93 (15.7)500 (84.3)
5–10 years1829 (25.9)428 (23.4)1401 (76.6)
>10 years722 (10.2)261 (36.1)461 (63.9)
Used needle/syringe previously used by someone else in past week196 (2)<0.001
Yes5283 (74.7)904 (17.1)4379 (82.9)
No962 (13.6)301 (31.3)661 (68.7)
Not used in past week828 (11.7)52 (6.3)776 (93.7)
Use syringe/needle left in a public place in past week400 (2)<0.001
Yes5274 (74.6)824 (15.6)4450 (84.4)
No968 (13.7)381 (39.4)587 (60.6)
Not used in past week831 (11.7)52 (6.3)779 (93.7)
Share needle/syringe with someone after you used it in past week173 (2)<0.001
Yes5254 (74.3)910 (17.3)4344 (82.7)
No990 (14)295 (29.8)695 (70.2)
Not used in past week829 (11.7)52 (6.3)777 (93.7)

Associationbetween characteristics and HIV infection among people who inject (illicit) drugs

CharacteristicTotal (n = 7073)HIV infection (n = 1257,17.7%)Not HIV infected (n = 5816, 82.3%)χ2(df)P
n (%)n (%)
Year947 (7)<0.001
2002303 (4.3)206 (68)97 (32)
2003645 (9.1)187 (29)458 (71)
20051245 (17.6)364 (29.2)881 (70.8)
20071245 (17.6)217 (17.4)1028 (82.6)
20091245 (17.6)129 (10.4)1116 (89.6)
2011685 (9.7)45 (6.6)640 (93.4)
2012660 (9.3)44 (6.7)616 (93.3)
20151045 (14.8)65 (6.2)980 (93.8)
Region342 (3)<0.001
Eastern2100 (29.7)376 (17.9)1724 (82.1)
Kathmandu1883 (26.6)575 (30.5)1308 (69.5)
Pokhara1890 (26.7)199 (10.5)1691 (89.5)
Western1200 (17)107 (8.9)1093 (91.1)
Age358 (2)<0.001
18–20 years1315 (18.6)97 (7.4)1218 (92.6)
20–29 years3999 (56.5)599 (15)3400 (85)
30–39 years1759 (24.9)561 (31.9)1198 (68.1)
Education82 (2)<0.001
No education323 (4.6)92 (28.5)231 (71.5)
Primary1483 (21)353 (23.8)1130 (76.2)
Secondary and above5267 (74.5)812 (15.4)4455 (84.6)
Marital status137 (1)<0.001
Unmarried4158 (58.8)553 (13.3)3605 (86.7)
Married2915 (41.2)704 (24.2)2211 (75.8)

Association between sexual behaviors and HIV prevalence among people who inject (illicit) drugs

CharacteristicsTotal (n = 7073)HIV infection (n = 1257,17.7%)Not HIV infected (n = 5816, 82.3%)χ2(df)P
n (%)n (%)
Age at first sexual intercourse67 (3)<0.001
<20 years5740 (81.2)968 (16.9)4772 (83.1)
20–29 years1074 (15.2)272 (25.3)802 (74.7)
>30 years15 (0.2)2 (13.3)13 (86.7)
Not had sex244 (3.4)15 (6.1)229 (93.9)
Number of sexual partners171 (2)<0.001
One partner2409 (34.1)468 (19.4)1941 (80.6)
More than one partner2530 (35.8)261 (10.3)2269 (89.7)
Not had Sex2134 (30.2)528 (24.7)1606 (75.3)
Number of FSW79 (2)<0.001
One partner652 (9.2)84 (12.9)568 (87.1)
More than one1331 (18.8)141 (10.6)1190 (89.4)
Not had Sex5090 (72)1032 (20.3)4058 (79.7)
Consistent condom use with female regular partners in past year30 (2)O.001
Yes1052 (14.9)169 (16.1)883 (83.9)
No1356 (19.2)311 (22.9)1045 (77.1)
Not had Sex4665 (66)777 (16.7)3888 (83.3)
Consistent condom used with FSW in past year86 (2)O.001
Yes222 (3.1)34 (15.3)188 (84.7)
No1758 (24.9)186 (10.6)1572 (89.4)
Not had Sex5093 (72)1037 (20.4)4056 (79.6)
Consistent condom used with female nonregular partners in past year172 (2)<0.001
Yes569 (8)44 (7.7)525 (92.3)
No1619 (22.9)150 (9.3)1469 (90.7)
Not had Sex4885 (69.1)1063 (21.8)3822 (78.2)
eISSN:
1875-855X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
6 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Assistive Professions, Nursing, Basic Medical Science, other, Clinical Medicine
Journal RSS Feed