<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_1905-7415.0903.402_s_001_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Assessing the maturational status and pubertal growth spurt of a patient has considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment planning, and the outcome of orthodontic treatment.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0903.402_s_002_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess the usefulness of panoramic radiographs as a tool to estimate the growth and to ascertain the importance of tooth calcification stages as an indicator of maturity by using digital panoramic radiographs.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0903.402_s_003_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>We compared the dental maturity assessed by calcification of mandibular canine, first premolar, second premolar, and second molars using digital panoramic radiographs and skeletal maturity assessed by cervical vertebral maturation stages using lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs. Skeletal maturity was assessed using a cervical vertebrae maturation technique; hand-wrist maturity was evaluated using Fishman skeletal maturity indicators. Dental maturity was estimated according to guidelines of Demirjian. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between tooth calcification stages and skeletal maturity assessed on panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograms, and hand-wrist radiographs of 60 patient participants, including 45 boys and 15 girls.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0903.402_s_004_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>The panoramic radiograph is a reliable tool with which to estimate of growth and development of boys.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0903.402_s_005_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c16b5Aa"><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The relationship between tooth calcification stages and the skeletal maturity indicators in boys allows clinicians to identify the stage of the pubertal growth from panoramic radiographs. It is appropriate to put these skeletal and dental maturation relationships into daily orthodontic diagnostic practice.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundAssessing the maturational status and pubertal growth spurt of a patient has considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment planning, and the outcome of orthodontic treatment.ObjectivesTo assess the usefulness of panoramic radiographs as a tool to estimate the growth and to ascertain the importance of tooth calcification stages as an indicator of maturity by using digital panoramic radiographs.MethodsWe compared the dental maturity assessed by calcification of mandibular canine, first premolar, second premolar, and second molars using digital panoramic radiographs and skeletal maturity assessed by cervical vertebral maturation stages using lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs. Skeletal maturity was assessed using a cervical vertebrae maturation technique; hand-wrist maturity was evaluated using Fishman skeletal maturity indicators. Dental maturity was estimated according to guidelines of Demirjian. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between tooth calcification stages and skeletal maturity assessed on panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograms, and hand-wrist radiographs of 60 patient participants, including 45 boys and 15 girls.ResultsThe panoramic radiograph is a reliable tool with which to estimate of growth and development of boys.ConclusionThe relationship between tooth calcification stages and the skeletal maturity indicators in boys allows clinicians to identify the stage of the pubertal growth from panoramic radiographs. It is appropriate to put these skeletal and dental maturation relationships into daily orthodontic diagnostic practice.

Evaluation of dental and skeletal maturity using digital panoramic radiographs and digital cephalograms

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology

Malabar Dental College and Research Centre

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

BackgroundAssessing the maturational status and pubertal growth spurt of a patient has considerable influence on diagnosis, treatment planning, and the outcome...

	Boys		Girls

	Correlation coefficient Spearman correlation	P	Correlation coefficient Spearman correlation	P
Canine	0.33	0.025 P < 0.05	0.29	0.29
First premolar	0.24	0.099	0.33	0.22
Second premolar	0.28	0.056	0.36	0.18
Second molar	0.27	0.07	0.44	0.095

Skeletal maturity stage	n (%)	Chronological age mean age (SD)	Skeletal age mean age (SD)
MP3
Boy	37 (82)	10.97 (1.70)	11.78 (1.35)
Girl	1 3 (87)	9.23 (1.23)	8.62 (1.50)
S
Boy	3 (7)	14 (1.73)	14.33 (1.52)
Girl	0	-	-
MP3CAP
Boy	1 (2)	11	12
Girl	1 (7)	15	13
DP3U
Boy	3 (7)	13.33 (2.08)	14 (2)
Girl	1 (7)	10	11
MP3U
Boy	1 (2)	15	15
Girl	0	–	–

	Boys		Girls

	Correlation coefficient Spearman correlation	P	Correlation coefficient Spearman correlation	P
Canine	0.44	0.002 P < 0.05	0.22	0.42
First premolar	0.48	0.001 P < 0.05	0.27	0.32
Second premolar	0.51	0.000 P < 0.05	0.37	0.17
Second molar	0.51	0.000 P < 0.05	0.45	0.09

	Intraexaminer reliability		Interexaminer reliability

	Examiner 1	Examiner 2
Hand-wrist radiograph	1.000	0.867	0.867
Cervical vertebra maturation	0.688	0.698	0.92
Tooth maturity	0.90	0.732	0.833

Evaluation of dental and skeletal maturity using digital panoramic radiographs and digital cephalograms

Article Category: Brief communication (Original)

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 335 - 342

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0903.402

Keywords
Cervical vertebrae maturation indicators, Demirjian index, hand-wrist radiograph, lateral cephalogram, panoramic radiograph, skeletal maturation

© 2015 Shabil Mustafa, AC Raj, Jayaprasad Anekar, Darshan Devang Divakar, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Kheraif, Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Obaid Abdullah Alshahrani, Narendra Prakash Rai

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Spearman correlation coefficients between cervical vertebrae maturation stages and dental maturity stages

Chronological age and skeletal age for patient participants grouped by skeletal maturity indicators

Spearman correlation coefficients between skeletal maturity stages (hand-wrist radiograph) and dental maturity stages

Inter and intra examiner reliability in assessing various study parameters using Kappa statistics

Evaluation of dental and skeletal maturity using digital panoramic radiographs and digital cephalograms

Article Category: Brief communication (Original)

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 335 - 342

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0903.402

KeywordsCervical vertebrae maturation indicators, Demirjian index, hand-wrist radiograph, lateral cephalogram, panoramic radiograph, skeletal maturation

© 2015 Shabil Mustafa, AC Raj, Jayaprasad Anekar, Darshan Devang Divakar, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Kheraif, Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Obaid Abdullah Alshahrani, Narendra Prakash Rai

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Spearman correlation coefficients between cervical vertebrae maturation stages and dental maturity stages

Chronological age and skeletal age for patient participants grouped by skeletal maturity indicators

Spearman correlation coefficients between skeletal maturity stages (hand-wrist radiograph) and dental maturity stages

Inter and intra examiner reliability in assessing various study parameters using Kappa statistics

Keywords
Cervical vertebrae maturation indicators, Demirjian index, hand-wrist radiograph, lateral cephalogram, panoramic radiograph, skeletal maturation